Levosimendan in Europe and China: An Appraisal of Evidence and Context

The calcium sensitiser levosimendan (SIMDAX; Orion Pharma) has been in clinical use for the management of acute heart failure and a range of related syndromes in many countries around the world for two decades. More recently, levosimendan has become available in China. The authors have examined the profile of levosimendan in clinical trials conducted inside and outside China and grouped the findings under six headings: effects on haemodynamics, effects on natriuretic peptides, effect on symptoms of heart failure, renal effects, effect on survival, and safety profile. Their conclusions are that under each of these headings there are reasonable grounds to expect that the effects and clinical benefits established in trials and with wider clinical use in Europe and elsewhere will accrue also to Chinese patients. Therefore, the authors are confident that global experience with levosimendan provides a reliable guide to its optimal use and likely therapeutic effects in patients in China

Verification of strain gradient elasticity computation by analytical solutions

As there are different computational methods for simulating problems in generalized mechanics, we present simple applications and their closed-form solutions for verifying a numerical implementation. For such a benchmark, we utilize these analytical solutions and examine three-dimensional numerical simulations by the finite element method (FEM) using IsoGeometric Analysis (IGA) with the aid of open source codes, called tIGAr, developed within the FEniCS platform. A study for the so-called wedge forces and double tractions help to comprehend their roles in the displacement solution as well as examine the significance by comparing to the closed form solutions for given boundary conditions. It is found that numerical results are in a good agreement with the analytical solutions if wedge forces and double tractions are considered. It is also presented how the wedge forces become necessary in order to maintain equilibrium in strain gradient materials

Research on Dynamic Optimization and Coordination Strategy of Value Co-Creation in Digital Innovation Ecosystems

Based on the theory of differential games and guided by the realization of value co-creation, this paper discusses the value co-creation of a technology innovation platform, scientific innovation layer, and support layer in the digital innovation ecosystem. Given the dynamic change characteristics of digital technology innovation and resource integration, this paper constructs a differential game decision model. The conclusions are as follows: (1) The Stackelberg master–slave game and collaborative model have incentive effects. The returns in both methods increase over time and finally reach a stable value. In the collaborative game model, the effort level of participants is the highest and realizes the Pareto optimality. (2) The digital technology innovation capacity coefficient, digital technology assimilation capacity and absorption capacity coefficient, and resource integration cost coefficient are the key factors affecting the optimal return of the innovation ecosystem. (3) The two-way cost-sharing path can balance the innovation ecosystem, in which the technology innovation platform shares the cost and provides incentives to the scientific innovation layer and the support layer. The sharing ratio and incentive degree are positively correlated with the benefit of value co-creation. However, if the income distribution coefficient is not appropriately set, the participants’ income will decrease

Research on Government Incentive and Enterprise Data Resource Sharing Strategies in Digital Innovation Ecosystems

Enterprise data resource sharing is an effective means to promote enterprise collaboration, help the government make scientific and effective decisions, and facilitate the development of the digital innovation ecosystem. In order to accurately analyze the enterprise data resource sharing strategies of digital platform enterprises, cooperative enterprises, and the government and the impact of government incentives on sharing, taking the digital innovation ecosystem as the background, three decision-making models of Nash non-cooperation, Stackelberg, and collaborative cooperation are constructed by using the differential game method. Their equilibrium results are obtained, analyzed comparatively, and simulated numerically. The conclusions are as follows: 1) Under the three strategy options, the data resource sharing effort level is positively correlated with the data resource sharing capability coefficient, the influence coefficient of effort level on the digital innovation ecosystem, the digital technology level coefficient of digital platform enterprises, and negatively correlated with the cost coefficient of data resource sharing and the elimination rate of shared data resources. 2) Government incentives for data resource sharing can raise the data resource sharing effort level by digital platform enterprises and cooperative enterprises and enhance the optimal benefits for all three parties and the system. 3) In the collaborative game, the optimal benefits of the three parties and the system are maximized, and a reasonable benefit distribution coefficient is determined to achieve Pareto optimality. Finally, some suggestions and strategies are provided to promote enterprise data resource sharing and government incentives

Preparation and application research of composites with low vacuum outgassing and excellent electromagnetic sealing performance

Electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding rubber effectively fills gaps in electronic devices to prevent electromagnetic (EM) leakage. However, research on the potential application of EMI shielding rubber in the field of space is limited. This study explores the optimal amount of silver-coated aluminum powder (SCA) in SCA/ methyl vinyl silicone rubber (MVQ) composites to balance the electrical and mechanical properties of EMI shielding rubber. The EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) of 41.8 vol% SCA/MVQ composite exceeded 90 dB in the frequency range between 100 and 1,200 MHz with a compression set of only 14%. To address the outgassing characteristics of silicone rubber in a vacuum environment, both pre-heating and post-heating treatments for reducing rubber volatility are explored, proving that silicone rubber followed by 4 h of post-heating treatment at 200°C, is an appropriate solution to reduce silicone rubber volatility, leading to the SCA/MVQ composite with a total mass loss of only 0.2%, and a collected volatile condensable material of only 0.02%. In addition, high reliability is crucial for EMI shielding materials. SCA/MVQ composite exhibits excellent adaptability to vacuum temperature cycles, with the EMI SE maintained at 90 dB after cycles. At room temperature, after 30 days of storage, the EMI SE of the composite remains at 90 dB. These findings indicate that SCA/MVQ composites exhibit broad potential applications in the field of EM sealing for aerospace electronic devices

Influence of the molecular structure of phenylamine antioxidants on anti-migration and anti-aging behavior of high-performance nitrile rubber composites

The structure of antioxidants significantly affects the anti-migration and thermal-oxidative aging properties of nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) composites, which are crucial for applications in aerospace, biomedical, and fuel cell stack sealing industries. The findings reveal that the migration rate of N-(4-anilino phenyl) maleic imide (MC), with a reactive double bond, is only 15.6%, exhibiting the best extraction resistance. 2,4,6-Tris-(N-1,4-dimethylpentyl-p-phenylenediamino)-1,3,5-triazine (TMPPD), with a greater weight and dendritic structure, follows at 47.7%, while N-isopropyl-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (4010NA) performs the worst, with 77.8%. Furthermore, after thermal-oxidative exposure, the cross-link density of NBR composites increases, generating oxygenated substances, such as ethers, aldehydes, and acids. The addition of antioxidants in the composites improves the thermal-oxidative aging properties compared to those without any antioxidants. Moreover, antioxidants 4010NA and TMPPD display superior resistance to thermal-oxidative aging properties compared to antioxidant MC

Verification of strain gradient elasticity computation by analytical solutions

As there are different computational methods for simulating problems in generalized mechanics, we present simple applications and their closed-form solutions for verifying a numerical implementation. For such a benchmark, we utilize these analytical solutions and examine three-dimensional numerical simulations by the finite element method (FEM) using IsoGeometric Analysis (IGA) with the aid of open source codes, called tIGAr, developed within the FEniCS platform. A study for the so-called wedge forces and double tractions help to comprehend their roles in the displacement solution as well as examine the significance by comparing to the closed form solutions for given boundary conditions. It is found that numerical results are in a good agreement with the analytical solutions if wedge forces and double tractions are considered. It is also presented how the wedge forces become necessary in order to maintain equilibrium in strain gradient materials