Two-way Mechanism to Enhance Confidentiality and Accuracy of Shared Information

As such internet and information technology have influenced the human life significantly thus the current technology cannot solely assure the security of shared information. Hence, to fulfil such requirements mass amount of research have been undertaken by various researchers among which one of the mechanisms is the use of dynamic key rather than static one. In this regard, we have proposed a method of key generation to provide the dynamic keys. The scheme not only can change the key but also provide the error control mechanism. At the end of this paper, a comparison with the existing techniques has also been made to prove the efficiency of the proposed scheme

Rethinking tipping points in spatial ecosystems

The theory of alternative stable states and tipping points has garnered a lot of attention in the last decades. It predicts potential critical transitions from one ecosystem state to a completely different state under increasing environmental stress. However, typically ecosystem models that predict tipping do not resolve space explicitly. As ecosystems are inherently spatial, it is important to understand the effects of incorporating spatial processes in models, and how those insights translate to the real world. Moreover, spatial ecosystem structures, such as vegetation patterns, are important in the prediction of ecosystem response in the face of environmental change. Models and observations from real savanna ecosystems and drylands have suggested that they may exhibit both tipping behavior as well as spatial pattern formation. Hence, in this paper, we use mathematical models of humid savannas and drylands to illustrate several pattern formation phenomena that may arise when incorporating spatial dynamics in models that exhibit tipping without resolving space. We argue that such mechanisms challenge the notion of large scale critical transitions in response to global change and reveal a more resilient nature of spatial ecosystems

PC-APC Schemes in Multipath Diversity System to Get Higher Throughput

This paper is studied about a new protocol of Packet combining (PC) and Aggressive Packet Combining Scheme (APC) in multipath diversity system to get higher throughput. In the proposed protocol of PC and APC schemes, two and three copies of a packet are sent in two and three paths. If either of the copies is received without any erroneous then select the correct one and discard all other copies.  Again if all copies are found as erroneous then combine the erroneous copies and perform XOR operation in case of PC and bit by bit majority logic in case of APC in order to get the original copy. The paper is implemented using Mat lab and found that new proposed protocols are getting higher throughput and probability of receiving successful packet at the receiver side. Thus, performance of error prone wireless network can be improved by applying either PC or APC in multipath diversity system

Evasion of tipping in complex systems through spatial pattern formation

The concept of tipping points and critical transitions helps inform our understanding of the catastrophic effects that global change may have on ecosystems, Earth system components, and the whole Earth system. The search for early warning indicators is ongoing, and spatial self-organization has been interpreted as one such signal. Here, we review how spatial self-organization can aid complex systems to evade tipping points and can therefore be a signal of resilience instead. Evading tipping points through various pathways of spatial pattern formation may be relevant for many ecosystems and Earth system components that hitherto have been identified as tipping prone, including for the entire Earth system. We propose a systematic analysis that may reveal the broad range of conditions under which tipping is evaded and resilience emerges

Environmental toxicity influences disease spread in consumer population

The study of infectious disease has been of interest to ecologists since long. The initiation of epidemic and the long term disease dynamics are largely influenced by the nature of the underlying consumer (host)-resource dynamics. Ecological traits of such systems may be often modulated by toxins released in the environment due to ongoing anthropogenic activities. This, in addition to toxin-mediated alteration of epidemiological traits, has a significant impact on disease progression in ecosystems which is quite less studied. In order to address this, we consider a mathematical model of disease transmission in consumer population where multiple traits are affected by environmental toxins. Long term dynamics show that the level of environmental toxin determines disease persistence, and increasing toxin may even eradicate the disease in certain circumstances. Furthermore, our results demonstrate bistability between different ecosystem states and the possibility of an abrupt transition from disease-free coexistence to disease-induced extinction of consumers. Overall the results from this study will help us gain fundamental insights into disease propagation in natural ecosystems in the face of present anthropogenic changes

A Comparative Note on Tunneling in AdS and in its Boundary Matrix Dual

For charged black hole, within the grand canonical ensemble, the decay rate from thermal AdS to the black hole at a fixed high temperature increases with the chemical potential. We check that this feature is well captured by a phenomenological matrix model expected to describe its strongly coupled dual. This comparison is made by explicitly constructing the kink and bounce solutions around the de-confinement transition and evaluating the matrix model effective potential on the solutions.Comment: 1+12 pages, 9 figure

Customer Perception on Mutual Fund Product: A Technical Analysis

In this context, prioritization, preference building and close monitoring ofmutual funds are essentials for fund managers to make this the strongest and mostpreferred instrument in Indian capital market for the coming years. With the decline inthe bank interest rates, frequent fluctuations in the secondary market and the inherentattitude of Indian small investors to avoid risk, it is important on the part of fundmanagers and mutual fund product designers to combine various elements of liquidity,return and security in making mutual fund products the best possible alternative for thesmall investors in Indian market. Researchers have attempted to study various need expectations of small investorsfrom different types of mutual funds available in Indian market and identify the riskreturn perception with the purchase of mutual funds(1). Various sophisticated multivariatetechniques are applied to identify important characteristics being considered by theIndian investors in the purchase decision, the paper also suggests a product design of anoptimum mutual fund and track the positioning gap available in Indian mutual fund market. SPSS version 17 is used for data analysis

Development and Assessment of a Fish Feed to Assist in Aquaculture Nutrition Management

Abstract: The concept of Synbiotics was implemented to aquaculture feed formulation. Probiotic bacteria were isolated from the locally available confectionary sweetened food. The isolates were characterized through classical biochemical and microbiological techniques to identify them into the group of Lactobacillaceae. Further in the most potent isolate, an antibiotic molecular marker was developed through spontaneous mutation. Mass cultivation of freshwater Spirulina was after isolation and purification. Both were subjected to standardization of mass cultivation and harvesting of biomass. A globulated feed was formulated and fed to aquarium maintained catfish. A conclusion was drawn on the beneficial roles of such Synbiotic culture in Aquaculture nutrition management

Is toxicity a curse or blessing, or both?—Searching answer from a disease-induced consumer-resource system

Chemical toxins exposed in environments and disease outbreaks are global threats to ecosystems in the present era of the anthropocene. Toxin favors disease progression trivially. However, it is still unclear whether the toxin impacts disease elimination too. Toxin also has a significant role in amplifying the risk of disease-induced consumer extinction. Identification of the extinction vortex and its associated precursors are the two most important pillars for understanding the effect of the toxin on the sustainability of ecosystems. On the other hand, the contribution of toxin as a potential agent for stabilizing a disease-induced consumer-resource system is still unclear. Although disease stabilizes the system in absence of toxicity. In order to address this, we consider a mathematical model of disease transmission in the consumer population where both ecological and epidemiological traits are affected by environmental toxins. The proposed model integrates two compartments (susceptible and infected) for consumers and the resource, where the toxin is incorporated in the form of species body burdens. Apart from the formal stability analysis, we extensively use codim-1 and codim-2 bifurcation through MATCONT software for understanding the different dynamical regimes of disease progression and elimination. These derived regimes will be helpful to raise the alarm and take intervention policies

Chemical contamination-mediated regime shifts in planktonic systems

Abrupt transitions leading to algal blooms are quite well known in aquatic ecosystems and have important implications for the environment. These ecosystem shifts have been largely attributed to nutrient dynamics and food web interactions. Contamination with heavy metals such as copper can modulate such ecological interactions which in turn may impact ecosystem functioning. Motivated by this, we explored the effect of copper enrichment on such regime shifts in planktonic systems. We integrated copper contamination to a minimal phytoplankton–zooplankton model which is known to demonstrate abrupt transitions between ecosystem states. Our results suggest that both the toxic and deficient concentration of copper in water bodies can lead to regime shift to an algal-dominated alternative stable state. Further, interaction with fish density can also lead to collapse of population cycles thus leading to algal domination in the intermediate copper ranges. Environmental stochasticity may result in state transition much prior to the tipping point and there is a significant loss in the bimodality on increasing intensity and redness of noise. Finally, the impending state shifts due to contamination cannot be predicted by the generic early warning indicators unless the transition is close enough. Overall the study provides fresh impetus to explore regime shifts in ecosystems under the influence of anthropogenic changes like chemical contamination