Land use and land reform in former Central and East European countries

The importance of agriculture is decreasing all over the world. The aim of the paper is to compare the ownership structure and land use in some selected former Central and Eastern European countries. The property structure and land use is in dichotomy, the production is performed simultaneously on small-size farms which produce primarily for self-consumption. The importance of farm land leases is increasing. The present paper tries to identify the main differences and similarities in land ownership and property structure, the changes in the last fifteen years, what happened and whether the expectations had been met. Furthermore the paper compares the main regulations of land ownership and tenancy in different countries, explains land market protection, and the need of a real valuation system of land.property structure, land prices, land use, land use and ownership, Land Economics/Use,

Legislation on land protection in Slovakia

Agricultural land is a natural heritage of each country; therefore the land protection is required. The agricultural land protection is a complex role where the interests of agriculture, industry, housing, transport and the environment should be taken into account. Moreover, it is necessary to consider also the EU legislation because the national laws have to be in harmony with the EU legal acts. Therefore, it is a very hard role to meet all entitled interests together with the requirements of the EU law. Therefore, the adoption of a legal measure should be accompanied by the complex analysis of how the measure would affect the land protection. The Slovak lawmaker has adopted some legislative acts with special measures for the land protection, but they are a focus of regular and frequent amendments

Marco jurídico de gestión del recurso hídrico en la Unión Europea

Los recursos hídricos y la gestión del agua en los Estados miembros de la Unión Europea son muy diversos. Esto es debido a las condiciones climáticas, los determinantes económicos, sociales e histórico-políticos. Un objetivo muy importante de la Unión Europea es eliminar esa diferenciación. En la agricultura, estas diferencias se reducen gracias a la Política Agrícola Común, mientras que en el área del medio ambiente se logra a través de la Política Ambiental. Gran parte de la Política Ambiental es la gestión del agua. La tarea más importante de la gestión del recurso hídrico es el suministro de agua para uso doméstico, la industria y la agricultura. Otras tareas importantes de la gestión de este recurso son la protección contra eventos hidrológicos extremos (inundaciones, sequías, deslizamientos de tierra y etc.), así como la protección de los recursos hídricos frente a la contaminación y la conservación de los hábitats naturales. El presente artículo presenta los objetivos de la UE en la gestión del agua y la legislación asociada a su logro en el ejemplo de la aplicación de las directivas de agua en Polonia y Eslovaquia.Water resources and water management in Member States of the European Union are very diverse. This is due to climatic conditions, economic, social, and historical-political determinants. A very important goal of the European Union is to eliminate such differentiation. In agriculture, these differences are reduced by the Common Agricultural Policy, while in the area of environment through Environmental Policy, which major part is water management. The most important task of water management is water supply for domestic, industry and agriculture use. Other, also significant, tasks of water management are to protect against extreme hydrological events (floods, droughts, landslides etc.) as well as protection of water resources against pollution and conservation of natural habitats. The paper presents the objectives of the EU in the water management area and the role of legislation associated with their achievement on the example of the implementation of water directives in Poland and Slovakia.Eje: Derechos de aguas extranjerosFacultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociale

Marco jurídico de gestión del recurso hídrico en la Unión Europea

Los recursos hídricos y la gestión del agua en los Estados miembros de la Unión Europea son muy diversos. Esto es debido a las condiciones climáticas, los determinantes económicos, sociales e histórico-políticos. Un objetivo muy importante de la Unión Europea es eliminar esa diferenciación. En la agricultura, estas diferencias se reducen gracias a la Política Agrícola Común, mientras que en el área del medio ambiente se logra a través de la Política Ambiental. Gran parte de la Política Ambiental es la gestión del agua. La tarea más importante de la gestión del recurso hídrico es el suministro de agua para uso doméstico, la industria y la agricultura. Otras tareas importantes de la gestión de este recurso son la protección contra eventos hidrológicos extremos (inundaciones, sequías, deslizamientos de tierra y etc.), así como la protección de los recursos hídricos frente a la contaminación y la conservación de los hábitats naturales. El presente artículo presenta los objetivos de la UE en la gestión del agua y la legislación asociada a su logro en el ejemplo de la aplicación de las directivas de agua en Polonia y Eslovaquia.Water resources and water management in Member States of the European Union are very diverse. This is due to climatic conditions, economic, social, and historical-political determinants. A very important goal of the European Union is to eliminate such differentiation. In agriculture, these differences are reduced by the Common Agricultural Policy, while in the area of environment through Environmental Policy, which major part is water management. The most important task of water management is water supply for domestic, industry and agriculture use. Other, also significant, tasks of water management are to protect against extreme hydrological events (floods, droughts, landslides etc.) as well as protection of water resources against pollution and conservation of natural habitats. The paper presents the objectives of the EU in the water management area and the role of legislation associated with their achievement on the example of the implementation of water directives in Poland and Slovakia.Eje: Derechos de aguas extranjerosFacultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociale

Marco jurídico de gestión del recurso hídrico en la Unión Europea

Los recursos hídricos y la gestión del agua en los Estados miembros de la Unión Europea son muy diversos. Esto es debido a las condiciones climáticas, los determinantes económicos, sociales e histórico-políticos. Un objetivo muy importante de la Unión Europea es eliminar esa diferenciación. En la agricultura, estas diferencias se reducen gracias a la Política Agrícola Común, mientras que en el área del medio ambiente se logra a través de la Política Ambiental. Gran parte de la Política Ambiental es la gestión del agua. La tarea más importante de la gestión del recurso hídrico es el suministro de agua para uso doméstico, la industria y la agricultura. Otras tareas importantes de la gestión de este recurso son la protección contra eventos hidrológicos extremos (inundaciones, sequías, deslizamientos de tierra y etc.), así como la protección de los recursos hídricos frente a la contaminación y la conservación de los hábitats naturales. El presente artículo presenta los objetivos de la UE en la gestión del agua y la legislación asociada a su logro en el ejemplo de la aplicación de las directivas de agua en Polonia y Eslovaquia.Water resources and water management in Member States of the European Union are very diverse. This is due to climatic conditions, economic, social, and historical-political determinants. A very important goal of the European Union is to eliminate such differentiation. In agriculture, these differences are reduced by the Common Agricultural Policy, while in the area of environment through Environmental Policy, which major part is water management. The most important task of water management is water supply for domestic, industry and agriculture use. Other, also significant, tasks of water management are to protect against extreme hydrological events (floods, droughts, landslides etc.) as well as protection of water resources against pollution and conservation of natural habitats. The paper presents the objectives of the EU in the water management area and the role of legislation associated with their achievement on the example of the implementation of water directives in Poland and Slovakia.Eje: Derechos de aguas extranjerosFacultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociale

PRAVNE ASPEKTY NAJOMNYCH ZMLUV K POL'NOHOSPHODARSKEJ PODE

There are legal differences in rental agreements for agricultural land between a short-term period of up to five years and long-term period of over five years. The legal side of a long-term rental agreement is more detailed and complex, the obligations of the parties are more inclusive and theire violations are sanctioned with invalidation of the agreement. The long-expected market with the agricultural land has not developed. As it follows from the research, there is developing, especially in lucrative areas, market for rental of agricultural land. This market is not without complications due to division of ownership rights among many small owners. In the future, in order to rid of complicated state in users legal relationship to the land, attention should be focused on creation of new legal rules and to look for inspiration in legal systems of other countries, where the institution of rental agreements has been used without any deformations and where regulationary systems emphasize continuity in agricultural land utilisation

AGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVES AND THEIR DEVELOPMENT AFTER THE TRANSFORMATION

Agricultural cooperatives in Slovakia still represent the most important legal form of enterprises in agriculture. Chosen indicators of financial analysis and indicators of revenues as calculated to hectare of agricultural land show that the transformed agricultural cooperatives in Slovakia are able to keep in step with newly created business companies. The paper tries to answer the question why the agricultural cooperatives in Slovakia still maintain their dominant position in agricultural business while in other countries of Central Europe agricultural cooperatives play only an insignificant role

Land use and land reform in former Central and East European countries

The importance of agriculture is decreasing all over the world. The aim of the paper is to compare the ownership structure and land use in some selected former Central and Eastern European countries. The property structure and land use is in dichotomy, the production is performed simultaneously on small-size farms which produce primarily for self-consumption. The importance of farm land leases is increasing. The present paper tries to identify the main differences and similarities in land ownership and property structure, the changes in the last fifteen years, what happened and whether the expectations had been met. Furthermore the paper compares the main regulations of land ownership and tenancy in different countries, explains land market protection, and the need of a real valuation system of land

Agricultural economics and transition: What was expected, what we observed, the lessons learned Proceedings (Volume I / II)

Over fifteen years have elapsed since the transition from the centrally planned economic system started in the early 1990’s. During this time agricultural and rural areas of Central and Eastern Europe have undergone profound structural changes with wide variations in the degree of transformation and in the rate of success in creating a competitive market and private ownership based food and agricultural system. By becoming member of the European Union the "transition" in its traditional interpretation has been concluded in ten of the Central East European countries. The transition to market based agriculture, however, is far from completion in Southern and Eastern Europe and especially in the CIS countries. International Association of Agricultural Economists (IAAE) and European Association of Agricultural Economists (EAAE) in collaboration with the Corvinus University of Budapest and with a number of other institutions in Hungary organized an inter-conference seminar on the subject of agricultural transition in Central and Eastern Europe and Central Asia. The major objective of the seminar was to discuss and draw conclusions on the role of agricultural policy in the transition process in the light of actual progress and current situation in Central and East European countries and in formal Soviet States. In addition the contribution of agricultural economics – both from the West and from the East – as a discipline and a profession to the transition process in agriculture were discussed. A specific objective was to identify priorities and means to strengthen the agricultural economics profession in the transition countries and determine research and educational priorities for the future. The seminar was attended by 118 participants representing 26 countries from Europe, North America and Asia. The Seminar was the largest professional meeting organized by the two associations in 2007. Over 110 abstracts were submitted and evaluated by the International Program Committee. In the two day program of the meeting, 8 presentations were made during the 3 plenary sessions, 66 papers were presented in the 15 contributed paper sessions in 8 subject categories. In addition there were 15 posters discussed in the poster session and the findings of a World Bank study on distortions of agricultural incentives in the region was the subject of a pre-conference workshop. Plenary speakers included Ulrich Koester, Johan Swinnen, Jerzy Wilkin, Zvi Lerman, Eugenia Serova and József Popp-Gábor Udovecz. At the end of the seminar David Colman, President of IAAE gave a global assessment of the status of agricultural economics discipline and profession, while Csaba Csáki, former President of IAAE made summary comments on major issues discussed during the seminar. This volume includes the plenary and contributed papers presented at the seminar and submitted for publications by the authors as well as the abstracts of the poster papers discussed. The seminar was supported and sponsored by a number of organizations and persons. All of their contributions have to be greatly acknowledged. First the two international organizations IAAE and EAAE have to be mentioned, which provided overall organizational framework and logistical support. The IAAE provided in addition a generous grant to support the participation of young agricultural economists from Central and Eastern Europe on the seminar. On the Hungarian side the Corvinus University of Budapest, the Szent István University of Gödöllő, the Research Institute for Agricultural Economics, the Hungarian Agricultural Economics Association, the Hungarian Association of Agricultural Sciences and the Hungarian Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development were the major material and organizational supporters. The International Program committee was chaired by David Colman and Csaba Csáki and included Ulrich Koester, Joe Swinnen, Eugenia Serova and Jerzy Wilkin. The local Organizing committee was chaired by Csaba Forgács and István Szűcs and included Zoltán Lakner, András Nábrádi, József Popp, József Tóth, Gábor Udovecz, László Vajda, László Villányi, Krisztina Fodor, Attila Jámbor and Tamás Mizik. Finally IAMO, Halle facilitated the publication of this proceedings