30,141 research outputs found
The Legacy of ERA, Privatization and the Policy Ratchet
This article explores the ways in which the neo-liberal impetus toward the privatization of state schooling signalled in the Education Reform Act 1988 (ERA) has become embedded in the English school system. Four main points are made. First, that ERA itself was of huge strategic rather than substantive importance as far as privatization is concerned. Second, by tracing the lineage of privatization from ERA onwards a 'ratchet' effect of small and incremental policy moves can be identified, which have disseminated, embedded and naturalized privatization within public sector provision. Third, that while privatization has been taken up and taken much further by New Labour than it had been by the Conservatives there are differences between the two sets of governments in the role of privatization in education policy and the role of the state. Fourth, the participation of private providers in the planning and delivery of state services has put the private sector at the very heart of policy. At points the article draws upon interviews conducted with private sector providers. © 2008 Sage Publications
Analysis of the form-factors with light-cone QCD sum rules
In this article, we study the , ,
form-factors with the light-cone QCD sum rules, where the -meson light-cone
distribution amplitudes are used. In calculations, we observe that the
line-shapes of the -meson light-cone distribution amplitude
have significant impacts on the values of the form-factors, and expect to
obtain severe constraints on the parameters of the -meson light-cone
distribution amplitudes from the experimental data in the future.Comment: 19 pages, 6 figures, slight revisio
Photocurrent in conjugated polymers
Nonlinear photocurrent carriers in conjugated polymers, such as polarons,
bipolarons and solitons, are considered at low photon energies where a
tunnelling process is necessary. We show that polarons usually dominate the
photocurrent I due to a novel electric field assisted tunnelling for which
ln(I) ~ -E^{-2/3}. For near degenerate polymers an electric field E which
exceeds the confinement potential and frequencies above twice the soliton
energy, soliton tunnelling is favored. Photocurrent data can then be used to
identify the remarkable phenomenon of soliton conduction.Comment: 4 pages, 2 eps figures, Revte
Renormalizability of Effective Scalar Field Theory
We present a comprehensive discussion of the consistency of the effective
quantum field theory of a single symmetric scalar field. The theory is
constructed from a bare Euclidean action which at a scale much greater than the
particle's mass is constrained only by the most basic requirements; stability,
finiteness, analyticity, naturalness, and global symmetry. We prove to all
orders in perturbation theory the boundedness, convergence, and universality of
the theory at low energy scales, and thus that the theory is perturbatively
renormalizable in the sense that to a certain precision over a range of such
scales it depends only on a finite number of parameters. We then demonstrate
that the effective theory has a well defined unitary and causal analytic
S--matrix at all energy scales. We also show that redundant terms in the
Lagrangian may be systematically eliminated by field redefinitions without
changing the S--matrix, and discuss the extent to which effective field theory
and analytic S--matrix theory are actually equivalent. All this is achieved by
a systematic exploitation of Wilson's exact renormalization group flow
equation, as used by Polchinski in his original proof of the renormalizability
of conventional -theory.Comment: 80 pages, TeX, OUTP-93-23P, CERN-TH.7067/93. Many minor revisions,
and several new paragraph
- …