WINTER COVER CROPS SOWING SYSTEMS FOR PLANTING LETTUCE

Soil cover species as well as the sowing system can interfere with the production of dry matter (straw) and the development of further crops. The objective of this study was to evaluate sowing systems for black oat (Avena strigosa schreb) and white lupine (Lupinus albus) species as cover crops, dry matter production and their influence on lettuce yield, americana and curly varieties. Two experiments were conducted, one for each cultivar of lettuce. The research was composed of eight treatments, in factorial 4x2, evaluated in randomized blocks, with five replications. The first factor was four coverages (black oat, white lupine, black oat + white lupine and spontaneous vegetation) and the second, two sowing systems (manual and mechanized). The desiccation of cover crops was performed 47 days after planting, measuring the amount of dry matter (straw) produced in the area. After 30 days from desiccation, curly and americana lettuce were grown under the straw. Lettuces were evaluated for fresh mass, shoot height and head diameter. White lupine and black oat + white lupine provided superior development of lettuce, although black oat combined with manual sowing system, is the most suitable as soil cover due to its high dry matter yields

Tratamento de mudas de repolho (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L.) no controle de hérnia das crucíferas (Plasmodiophora brassicae Woronin)

Conduziu-se três experimentos no Sítio Janeiro, município de Pardinho-SP, em área de produção comercial de brássicas para avaliar o manejo alternativo de controle químico e/ou biológico associado a aplicação de nutrientes no controle preventivo de hérnia em repolho (Plasmodiophora brassica Woronin). No primeiro experimento, avaliou-se a eficácia de produtos químicos, biológicos e nutrientes em diferentes épocas de aplicações no manejo da hérnia. No segundo, avaliou-se a eficiência de produtos químicos e nutrientes no manejo da hérnia sob aspectos patológicos e bioquímicos. No terceiro, avaliou-se a eficiência de produtos químicos e nutrientes aplicados nas mudas para manejo preventivo da hérnia. Com base nos resultados obtidos nos experimentos chegou-se às seguintes conclusões:a aplicação de ciazofamida em rega de mudas de repolho hibrido Shinsei, antes do transplante a campo, mostrou potencialidade de controle da hérnia das crucíferas e maior produção das plantas em áreas/solos com baixo a moderado inoculo da P. brassicae.Plantas de repolho hibrido Shinsei em função dos tratamentos empregados não mostraram alterações quanto ao incremento na atividade de enzimas (SOD, CAT, POD, PPO e PAL) e fenóis totais na parte aérea e nas raízes.It was conducted three experiments on the Site Janeiro municipality of Pardinho-SP, in commercial production of brassica area to evaluate alternative management of chemical control and / or biological associated with application of nutrients in the preventive control clubroots in cabbage (Plasmodiophora brassica Woronin). In the first experiment, evaluated the effectiveness of chemical, biological and nutrients in times of applications in the management of clubroots. Then, evaluated the effectiveness of chemicals and nutrients into the clubroots handling under pathological and biochemical aspects. In the third, evaluated the effectiveness of chemicals and nutrients applied to seedlings for preventive control of clubroots. Based on the results obtained in the experiments we came to the following conclusions: the application of cyazofamid in irrigation hybrid cabbage seedlings Shinsei before the transplant field, showed control capability clubroots and largest production plants in areas / soils with low to moderate inoculum of P. brassicae. Cabbage plants hybrid Shinsei depending employee’s treatments showed no changes as to the increase in enzyme activity (SOD, CAT, POD, PPO and PAL) and total phenols in the shoot and in roots.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Ação de fungicidas no controle da queima das folhas e nas características físico-química da cenoura cv. Nantes

The objective of present study is to evaluate the action of the fungicides mancozeb (Dithane NT – 3 Kg/ha), metiram (Polyram DF – 3 Kg/ha), azoxistrobin (Amistar WG – 100 g/ha), metiram + pyraclostrobin (CabrioTop – 2 Kg/ha) and pyraclostrobin (Comet – 400 mL/ha) in the control of leaf blight (Alternaria dauci), as well as their effects on some agronomical and physicalchemical parameters of the carrot cultivar Nantes. The plants were sprayed every seven days, starting 40 days after planting, and totaling five sprayings during their growing cycles. The severity of the disease was evaluated 45, 52, 59, 66, and 73 days after planting in order to determine the agronomical parameters (length, average diameter, and weight) and the physicalchemical characteristics (firmness, titratable acidity, soluble solids, sucrose and reduced sugars) of the roots. Applications of metiram + pyraclostrobin and pyraclostrobin, and this was found to be most effective in controlling the disease and on heavier carrot roots to pyraclostrobin. An increase in the level of soluble solids in the roots was observed with treatments of azoxistrobin, metiram + pyraclostrobin and pyraclostrobin. No effects were observed on the length, mean diameter, firmness, titratable acidity, and levels of sucrose and reduced sugars in the roots as a result of fungicide applications.O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a ação dos fungicidas mancozeb (Dithane NT – 3 kg/ha), metiram (Polyram DF – 3 kg/ha), azoxistrobina (Amistar WG – 100 g/ha), metiram + piraclostrobina (CabrioTop – 2 kg/ha) e piraclostrobina (Comet – 400 mL/ha) no controle da queima das folhas (Alternaria dauci) e sobre alguns parâmetros agronômicos e físico-químicos da cenoura cultivar Nantes. Os produtos foram pulverizados a cada sete dias, a partir dos 40 dias após a semeadura (DAS), totalizando cinco pulverizações durante o ciclo da cultura. A severidade da doença foi avaliada aos 45, 52, 59, 66 e 73 DAS para determinação da área abaixo da curva do progresso de doença e por ocasião da colheita, aos 105 DAS, foram determinados os parâmetros agronômicos (comprimento, diâmetro médio e o peso) e físicoquímicos (firmeza, acidez titulável, sólidos solúveis, sacarose e açúcares redutores) das raízes. Foi constada maior eficácia no controle da doença para a aplicação de metiram + piraclostrobina e piraclostrobina e raízes mais pesadas para piraclostrobina. Houve incremento no teor de sólidos solúveis das raízes para os tratamentos azoxistrobina, metiram + piraclostrobina e piraclostrobina. Não foi constado efeito da aplicação dos fungicidas sobre o comprimento, diâmetro médio, firmeza, acidez titulável, teores de sacarose e de açúcares redutores das raízes