On the local structure of Ti during in situ desorption of Ti(OBu)(4) and TiCl3 doped NaAlH4

The local structures of Ti doped NaAlH4 were investigated with extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) and X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) using Ti(OBU)(4) and TiCl3 precursors. The local structures were linked to literature data on hydrogen desorption and absorption kinetics. In the Ti(OBU)4 doped NaAlH4, butoxide or decomposition products thereof (C, 0 atoms) was bonded to Ti after ball-trulling, inhibiting the performance of the Ti catalyst. Upon heating, the C and 0 atoms were removed and Ti-Al species were formed. The thermodynamical most stable specie, TiAl3, was not formed at T<300 degrees C, contrarily to TiCl3 doped NaAlH4- Probably the initially present butoxide group gave rise to inhibition of its formation. Besides that, the butoxide or decompostion products thereof (C, 0 atoms) are also suspected to interfere with the hydrogen uptake of a desorbed NaAlH4. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

On the local structure of Ti during in situ desorption of Ti(OBu)(4) and TiCl3 doped NaAlH4

The local structures of Ti doped NaAlH4 were investigated with extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) and X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) using Ti(OBU)(4) and TiCl3 precursors. The local structures were linked to literature data on hydrogen desorption and absorption kinetics. In the Ti(OBU)4 doped NaAlH4, butoxide or decomposition products thereof (C, 0 atoms) was bonded to Ti after ball-trulling, inhibiting the performance of the Ti catalyst. Upon heating, the C and 0 atoms were removed and Ti-Al species were formed. The thermodynamical most stable specie, TiAl3, was not formed at T<300 degrees C, contrarily to TiCl3 doped NaAlH4- Probably the initially present butoxide group gave rise to inhibition of its formation. Besides that, the butoxide or decompostion products thereof (C, 0 atoms) are also suspected to interfere with the hydrogen uptake of a desorbed NaAlH4. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Towards a structure-performance relationship for hydrogen storage in Ti-doped NaAlH4NaAlH_4 nanoparticles

Hydrogen storage properties of Ti-doped nanosized (~20 nm) NaAlH(4) supported on carbon nanofibers were affected by the stage at which Ti was introduced. When Ti was deposited first followed by NaAlH(4), sorption properties were superior to the case where NaAlH(4) was deposited first followed by NaAlH(4). This was the result of both a smaller NaAlH(4) particle size and the more extensive catalytic action of Ti in the former material

Rare predicted loss-of-function variants of type I IFN immunity genes are associated with life-threatening COVID-19

BackgroundWe previously reported that impaired type I IFN activity, due to inborn errors of TLR3- and TLR7-dependent type I interferon (IFN) immunity or to autoantibodies against type I IFN, account for 15-20% of cases of life-threatening COVID-19 in unvaccinated patients. Therefore, the determinants of life-threatening COVID-19 remain to be identified in similar to 80% of cases.MethodsWe report here a genome-wide rare variant burden association analysis in 3269 unvaccinated patients with life-threatening COVID-19, and 1373 unvaccinated SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals without pneumonia. Among the 928 patients tested for autoantibodies against type I IFN, a quarter (234) were positive and were excluded.ResultsNo gene reached genome-wide significance. Under a recessive model, the most significant gene with at-risk variants was TLR7, with an OR of 27.68 (95%CI 1.5-528.7, P=1.1x10(-4)) for biochemically loss-of-function (bLOF) variants. We replicated the enrichment in rare predicted LOF (pLOF) variants at 13 influenza susceptibility loci involved in TLR3-dependent type I IFN immunity (OR=3.70[95%CI 1.3-8.2], P=2.1x10(-4)). This enrichment was further strengthened by (1) adding the recently reported TYK2 and TLR7 COVID-19 loci, particularly under a recessive model (OR=19.65[95%CI 2.1-2635.4], P=3.4x10(-3)), and (2) considering as pLOF branchpoint variants with potentially strong impacts on splicing among the 15 loci (OR=4.40[9%CI 2.3-8.4], P=7.7x10(-8)). Finally, the patients with pLOF/bLOF variants at these 15 loci were significantly younger (mean age [SD]=43.3 [20.3] years) than the other patients (56.0 [17.3] years; P=1.68x10(-5)).ConclusionsRare variants of TLR3- and TLR7-dependent type I IFN immunity genes can underlie life-threatening COVID-19, particularly with recessive inheritance, in patients under 60 years old