EDUCAÇÃO EM DIREITOS HUMANOS: INTERCULTURALIDADE E RAZOABILIDADE EM DEMOCRACIAS PLURAIS

A partir de conceitos da teoria política de John Rawls e da compreensão de direitos humanos sob uma perspectiva intercultural, este trabalho pretende demonstrar a relação existente entre estas formulações e a educação em direitos humanos. Abordando as noções de razoabilidade, racionalidade e democracia plural, extraídas da obra de Rawls, propõe-se a utilização destas concepções para fundamentar a importância da educação em direitos humanos no viés intercultural como forma de fortalecer a convivência entre as diferentes subjetividades constituintes do corpo social. A educação, seja pública ou privada, deve ter como um de seus propósitos a estabilidade da sociedade democrática e plural. Impõe-se, então, que haja a intencionalidade de inclusão de diferentes doutrinas abrangentes, as quais, através de um consenso sobreposto, devem estabelecer os critérios para a convivência harmônica e democrática

Pedagogia da justiça : uma revisão da literatura brasileira sobre a educação na obra de John Rawls

Orientador : Celso de Moraes PinheiroMonografia (especialização) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Educação, Curso de Especialização em Filosofia da EducaçãoInclui referênciasResumo: Este trabalho tem o objetivo de reunir, apontar e comentar as principais pesquisas feitas no Brasil sobre as conexões entre a obra de John Rawls e a educação. Considerando a importância do autor para a filosofia política contemporânea, bem como a complexidade de seus escritos, busca-se facilitar o acesso de nova(o)s pesquisadora(e)s ao tema. Rawls não se preocupou, especificamente, em definir uma teoria pedagógica, entretanto, sua teoria de justiça mostra-se dependente de uma adequada formação moral dos indivíduos que compõem a sociedade teorizada por ele. Destarte, esta monografia consiste na análise de referências bibliográficas produzidas por pesquisadores brasileiros entre 2002 e 2017, e que tenham tratado de descrever, exclusivamente, uma teoria formativa em Rawls ou uma relação clara entre sua obra e a educação. A título de didatismo, esta pesquisa foi dividida em três partes, nomeadamente, uma introdução à teoria da justiça de Rawls, um olhar sobre uma possível pedagogia da justiça e suas bases, e a apresentação de outras questões relacionadas à educação.Abstract: This paper aims to gather and comment on the main studies on the connections between John Rawls'work and education written in Brazil. Considering the author's importance for contemporary political philosophy, as well as the complexity of his writings, this paper intends to enable the access to the subject by new researchers. Rawls did not intend to define a pedagogical theory. Nevertheless, his theory of justice is dependent on the individuals that compose the society theorised by him receiving an adequate moral education. Hence, this study analyses the literature produced by Brazilian researchers between 2002 and 2017 that has attempted to exclusively describe a theory of education in Rawls or to draw a clear relation between his work and education. To add clarity, this review was divided into three parts: an introduction to Rawls' theory of justice, a vision of a possible pedagogy of justice and its foundations, and the presentation of other issues related to education

Smartphone-Enabled Heart Rate Variability and Acute Mountain Sickness

INTRODUCTION: The autonomic system and sympathetic activation appears integral in the pathogenesis of acute mountain sickness (AMS) at high altitude (HA), yet a link between heart rate variability (HRV) and AMS has not been convincingly shown. In this study we investigated the utility of the smartphone-derived HRV score to predict and diagnose AMS at HA. METHODS: Twenty-one healthy adults were investigated at baseline at 1400 m and over 10 days during a trek to 5140 m. HRV was recorded using the ithlete HRV device. RESULTS: Acute mountain sickness occurred in 11 subjects (52.4%) at >2650 m. HRV inversely correlated with AMS Scores (r = -0.26; 95% CI, -0.38 to -0.13: P 5 had a sensitivity of 83% and specificity of 60% to identify severe AMS (likelihood ratio 1.9). Baseline HRV at 1400 m was not predictive of either AMS at higher altitudes. CONCLUSIONS: The ithlete HRV score can be used to help in the identification of severe AMS; however, a baseline score is not predictive of future AMS development at HA

Can central-venous oxygen saturation be estimated from tissue oxygen saturation during a venous occlusion test?

OBJECTIVE: To test whether tissue oxygen saturation (StO(2)) after a venous occlusion test estimates central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO(2)). METHODS: Observational study in intensive care unit patients. Tissue oxygen saturation was monitored (InSpectra Tissue Spectrometer Model 650, Hutchinson Technology Inc., MN, USA) with a multiprobe (15/25mm) in the thenar position. A venous occlusion test in volunteers was applied in the upper arm to test the tolerability and pattern of StO(2) changes during the venous occlusion test. A sphygmomanometer cuff was inflated to a pressure 30mmHg above diastolic pressure until StO(2) reached a plateau and deflated to 0mmHg. Tissue oxygen saturation parameters were divided into resting StO(2) (r-StO(2)) and minimal StO(2) (m-StO(2)) at the end of the venous occlusion test. In patients, the cuff was inflated to a pressure 30mmHg above diastolic pressure for 5 min (volunteers’ time derived) or until a StO(2) plateau was reached. Tissue oxygen saturation parameters were divided into r-StO(2), m-StO(2), and the mean time that StO(2) reached ScvO(2). The StO(2) value at the mean time was compared to ScvO(2). RESULTS: All 9 volunteers tolerated the venous occlusion test. The time for tolerability or the StO(2) plateau was 7 ± 1 minutes. We studied 22 patients. The mean time for StO(2) equalized ScvO(2) was 100 sec and 95 sec (15/25mm probes). The StO(2) value at 100 sec ([100-StO(2)] 15mm: 74 ± 7%; 25mm: 74 ± 6%) was then compared with ScvO(2) (75 ± 6%). The StO(2) value at 100 sec correlated with ScvO(2) (15 mm: R(2) = 0.63, 25mm: R(2) = 0.67, p < 0.01) without discrepancy (Bland Altman). CONCLUSION: Central venous oxygen saturation can be estimated from StO(2) during a venous occlusion test

A crítica moral e a articulação política do mérito na teoria da justiça de John Rawls

Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Cristina Foroni ConsaniDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Humanas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Filosofia. Defesa : Curitiba, 30/07/2021Inclui referênciasResumo: O objetivo desta dissertação é realizar uma análise da obra de John Rawls tendo como chave de leitura a noção de mérito. Se em uma primeira aproximação da teoria tem-se a impressão de que há uma forte rejeição do mérito como um critério de justiça, uma leitura mais aprofundada parece mostrar que a crítica de Rawls não o exclui de maneira absoluta. O autor rejeita o mérito moral como um princípio de justiça, mas não nega o valor dos talentos e esforços dos indivíduos na busca pela realização de seus objetivos pessoais, o que dá margem a alguma ideia de mérito em sua teoria. Unindo a rejeição do mérito como critério de distribuição com a valorização do mérito como uma forma de incentivar os talentos, Rawls dá coesão a sua concepção de sociedade como um sistema de cooperação, distribuindo o resultado dos talentos entre as pessoas e dando especial atenção aos menos privilegiados. Dessa forma o autor acaba por institucionalizar a solidariedade. Será defendida a ideia de que, ao mesmo tempo em que elabora uma crítica do ponto de vista moral ao mérito, Rawls o articula em um sentido político criando uma espécie de mérito solidário.Abstract: The objective of this dissertation is to carry out an analysis of John Rawls's work having the notion of merit as a key concept. If in a first approximation, the impression that there is a strong rejection of merit as a criterion of justice in the theory stands out. Nevertheless, further reading seems to show that Rawls' criticism does not exclude merit in absolute terms. The author rejects moral desert as a principle of justice, but does not deny the value of the talents and efforts of individuals in the pursuit of their personal goals, which gives rise to some idea of merit in his theory. Combining the rejection of merit as a distribution criterion with the valorization of merit as a way to encourage talents, Rawls gives cohesion to his conception of society as a system of cooperation, distributing the result of talents among people and paying special attention to the least well off. Thus, the author ends up institutionalizing solidarity. The idea is to defended that, at the same time that he elaborates a critique from the moral point of view to merit, Rawls articulates it in a political sense creating a kind of solidary merit

PEDAGOGIA DA JUSTIÇA: uma introdução à educação na obra de John Rawls

The objective of this article is to present basic concepts of the work of John Rawls and introduce new readers to the discussion about education that can be extracted from his writings. Considering the author's importance to contemporary political philosophy, as well as the complexity of his texts, it is sought to facilitate the access of the theme to new researchers. Rawls was not concerned specifically on defining a pedagogical theory, however, his theory of justice shows itself dependent on an adequate moral formation of the individuals that compose the society theorized by him. Thus, this article consists of the analysis of bibliographical references produced by brazilian researchers who have tried to describe, exclusively, a formative theory in Rawls or a clear relation between his work and education. Didactically, this research was divided into two parts, namely, a brief introduction to Rawls' theory of justice and a look at a possible pedagogy of justice and its foundations.Este trabalho tem o objetivo de apresentar conceitos básicos da obra de John Rawls e introduzir novos leitores na discussão referente à  educação que pode ser extraída de seus escritos. Considerando a importância do autor para a filosofia política contemporânea, bem como a complexidade de seus textos, busca-se facilitar o acesso de novos pesquisadores ao tema. Rawls não se preocupou especificamente em definir uma teoria pedagógica; entretanto, sua teoria de justiça mostra-se dependente de uma adequada formação moral dos indivíduos que compõem a sociedade teorizada por ele. Destarte, este artigo consiste na análise de referências bibliográficas produzidas por pesquisadores brasileiros que tenham tratado de descrever exclusivamente uma teoria formativa em Rawls ou uma relação clara entre sua obra e a educação. A título de didática, esta pesquisa foi dividida em duas partes, nomeadamente, uma breve introdução à teoria da justiça de Rawls e um olhar sobre uma possível pedagogia da justiça e suas bases

Inference of disease associations with unmeasured genetic variants by combining results from genome-wide association studies with linkage disequilibrium patterns in a reference data set

Results from whole-genome association studies of many common diseases are now available. Increasingly, these are being incorporated into meta-analyses to increase the power to detect weak associations with measured single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Imputation of genotypes at unmeasured loci has been widely applied using patterns of linkage disequilibrium (LD) observed in the HapMap panels, but there is a need for alternative methods that can utilize the pooled effect estimates from meta-analyses and explore possible associations with SNPs and haplotypes that are not included in HapMap

No evidence for UV-based nest-site selection in sticklebacks

BACKGROUND: Nests are built in various animal taxa including fish. In systems with exclusive male parental care, the choice of a nest site may be an important component of male fitness. The nest site may influence male attractiveness as a mate, and male, embryo, and juvenile survival probabilities. Reproductively active three-spined stickleback males establish and defend a territory in which they build a nest. Territories can differ remarkably in qualities that influence male and female reproductive success like predation risk or abiotic factors such as dissolved oxygen concentration or lighting conditions. The latter may be important because in sticklebacks the extended visual capability into the ultraviolet (UV) wave range plays a role in female mate choice. Males are thus expected to be choosy about the habitat in which they will build their nest. RESULTS: We tested nest-site choice in male three-spined sticklebacks with respect to different UV lighting conditions. Reproductively active males were given the simultaneous choice to build their nest either in an UV-rich (UV+) or an UV-lacking (UV-) environment. Males exhibited no significant nest-site preferences with respect to UV+ or UV-. However, larger males and also heavier ones completed their nests earlier. CONCLUSION: We found that UV radiation as well as differences in luminance had no influence on nest-site choice in three-spined sticklebacks. Males that built in the UV-rich environment were not different in any trait (body traits and UV reflection traits) from males that built in the UV-poor environment. There was a significant effect of standard length and body mass on the time elapsed until nest completion in the UV experiment. The larger and heavier a male, the faster he completed his nest. In the brightness control experiment there was a significant effect only of body mass on the duration of nest completion. Whether nest building preferences with respect to UV lighting conditions are context dependent needs to be tested for instance by nest-site choice experiment under increased predation risk

Effective detection of human leukocyte antigen risk alleles in celiac disease using tag single nucleotide polymorphisms.

Background: The HLA genes, located in the MHC region on chromosome 6p21.3, play an important role in many autoimmune disorders, such as celiac disease (CD), type 1 diabetes (T1D), rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis and others. Known HLA variants that confer risk to CD, for example, include DQA1*05/DQB1*02 (DQ2.5) and DQA1*03/ DQB1*0302 (DQ8). To diagnose the majority of CD patients and to study disease susceptibility and progression, typing these strongly associated HLA risk factors is of utmost importance. However, current genotyping methods for HLA risk factors involve many reactions, and are complicated and expensive. We sought a simple experimental approach using tagging SNPs that predict the CD-associated HLA risk factors. Methodology: Our tagging approach exploits linkage disequilibrium between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) and the CD-associated HLA risk factors DQ2.5 and DQ8 that indicate direct risk, and DQA1*0201/DQB1*0202 (DQ2.2) and DQA1*0505/DQB1*0301 (DQ7) that attribute to the risk of DQ2.5 to CD. To evaluate the predictive power of this approach, we performed an empirical comparison of the predicted DQ types, based on these six tag SNPs, with those executed with current validated laboratory typing methods of the HLA-DQA1 and -DQB1 genes in three large cohorts. The results were validated in three European celiac populations. Conclusion: Using this method, only six SNPs were needed to predict the risk types carried by .95% of CD patients. We determined that for this tagging approach the sensitivity was .0.991, specificity .0.996 and the predictive value .0.948. Our results show that this tag SNP method is very accurate an