Pharmacological properties of Centella asiatica hydrogel in accelerating wound healing in rabbits

Background: Various extracts of Centella asiatica (Apiaceae) and its active constituent, asiaticoside, have been reported to possess wound healing property when assessed using various in vivo and in vitro models. In an attempt to develop a formulation with accelerated wound healing effect, the present study was performed to examine in vivo efficacy of asiaticoside-rich hydrogel formulation in rabbits. Methods: Asiaticoside-rich fraction was prepared from C. asiatica aerial part and then incorporated into polyvinyl alcohol/polyethylene glycol (PVA/PEG) hydrogel. The hydrogel was subjected to wound healing investigation using the in vivo incision model. Results: The results obtained demonstrated that: i) the hydrogel formulation did not cause any signs of irritation on the rabbits’ skin and; ii) enhanced wound healing 15% faster than the commercial cream and > 40% faster than the untreated wounds. The skin healing process was seen in all wounds marked by formation of a thick epithelial layer, keratin, and moderate formation of granulation tissues, fibroblasts and collagen with no fibrinoid necrosis detected. Conclusion: The asiaticoside-rich hydrogel developed using the freeze-thaw method was effective in accelerating wound healing in rabbit

PENGAWASAN MAJELIS PENGAWAS DAERAH TERHADAP NOTARIS DI KABUPATEN INDRAMAYU

The purposes of this research are : 1) to know the control by district monitoring council toward notary in Indramayu regency, 2) to know the difficulties that have been faced by district monitoring council in controlling notary in Indramayu regency, and 3) to know the district monitoring council efforts in increasing the control. The research used juridical empirical as the method. This research was conducted through direct interview with respondents and also supported with secondary data. Sampling techniques was non probability sampling by using purposive sampling. The data were analyzed qualitatively and the result of that analysis was presented descriptively. The research results show that the control by district monitoring council has not been maximal and total. Inspection being made is not conducted regularly. The inspection team is only checking the protocol book. The inspection is just formality. The difficulties being faced by district monitoring council are : (a) managing time to meet with another members of district monitoring counci

Antioxidant activity and cell migration effect of standardized extract of centella asiatica for wound healing properties

The present study demonstrates the antioxidant activity and cell migration effect of a standardized extract of C. asiatica. The ethanol extract was fractionated into seven fractions via vacuum liquid chromatography. The interest compound in the fractions was qualitatively identified using thin layer chromatography and the positive fraction with asiaticoside was further quantified using reverse-phase HPLC. The result showed that the methanol fraction of extract contains more than 10% of asiaticoside. The fraction also exhibited antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 463.8 µg/mL as DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) scavenger while IC50 value of 587.9 µg/mL in ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) radical scavenging capacities.The asiaticoside rich fraction was tested on mouse embryonic fibroblast NIH3T3 and human dermal keratinocyte HaCaT. Based on cell viability test of MTT (methylthiazol tetrazolium) colorimetric assay, both mouse embryonic fibroblast NIH3T3 and human dermal keratinocyte HaCaT showed significant stimulation against methanolic fraction of extract at the concentration of 100 µg/mL and 0.19 µg/mL. Besides, the extract showed almost no toxicity effect at concentrations tested since their IC50 could not be determined in concentration ranging from 100 µg/mL to 0.19 µg/mL. Due to all the concentration tested caused more than 80% cell viability, the concentrations chosen for the scratch assay is randomly chosen based on their concentration level of highest (100 µg/mL), medium (6 µg/mL), and lowest (0.2 µg/mL). In the scratch assay, only methanol fraction of extract with concentration 0.2 µg/mL showed significant cell migration effect on HaCaT compared to positive control (P < 0.05)

Swelling index, gel fraction, thermal and rheological properties of Centella asiatica hydrogel

The Hydrogels are three dimensional, water swollen structure composed of mainly hydrophilic homopolymers or copolymers like polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), Poly ethylene glycol (PEG) etc., utilized as a part of various biomedical fields, and are as yet producing for new encouraging applications. Hydrogel from PVA and PEG with Centella asiatica methanolic fraction was obtained by using freeze-thaw method. Gel fraction, swelling behavior, thermal and rheological properties were investigated. Five consecutive cycles of freezing and thawing formed an insoluble and entangled hydrogel. The developed hydrogel using the freezing–thawing method with PVA and PEG polymers and Centella asiatica methanolic extract was swellable, flexible and stable

In Vitro and In Vivo wound healing studies of standardized extract of Centella asiatica

The current study evaluates the wound healing efficacy of Centella asiatica via in vitro scratch assay and in vivo circular wound excision model. The ethanol extract was qualitatively identified using thin layer chromatography and the positive fraction containing asiaticoside was further quantified using reverse-phase HPLC. The asiaticoside rich fraction was subjected to: i) colorimetric MTT (methylthiazoltetrazolium) cell viability study following incubation with human dermal fibroblast (HDF) and human dermal keratinocyte (HaCaT); ii) in vitro 12-well plate scratch assay (using HDF and HaCaT cells); iii) topical application (40, 10, and 2.5%, w/w) on in vivo circular wound excision of rabbits. Data on wound contraction, epithelization period, hydroxyproline content and histophatological analysis was collected from in vivo study. The result showed that the methanol fraction of extract contained about 2.4% of asiaticoside. Based on the results of colorimetric MTT (methylthiazoltetrazolium) cell viability assay, both HDF and HaCaT showed significant stimulation upon application of the methanolic fraction of extract at concentrations of 100 µg/mL and 0.19 µg/mL. In the scratch assay, methanol fraction of extract with concentration of 0.2 µg/mL and 100 µg/mL showed significant effect on HDF and HaCaT compared to the positive control (P< 0.05). In vivo, it was shown that the methanol fraction of the standardized extract induced collagen synthesis. Histopathology data also concluded that dose-dependent effect of the tested extract as a wound healing was present. In conclusion, the claim on the presence of wound healing properties in C. asiatica had been well supported based on the results obtained in this study

Mahdottoman geometrian havainnollistaminen 3d-animaatioilla

TIIVISTELMÄ Opinnäytetyön aiheena on Amos Andersonin taidemuseolle M.C. Escherin näyttelyä varten parityönä tehdyt 3d-mallit, sekä niitä varten tehty tausta tutkimus mahdottomista kuvista. Animaatioiden tarkoituksena oli havainnollistaa 3d-mallinnuksin Escherin töissä esiintyviä kuvia mahdottomista kappaleista. Kirjallisessa osiossa on tutkittu kuvien ja näkemisen teori-aa sekä erilaisia tapoja epätodellisten muotojen esittämiseen. Ne on jaettu yhdestä pisteestä näkemiseen, perspektiivikonstruktioihin ja minimaalipintoihin. Työssä selvisi, mihin kuvien illuusiot perustuvat ja, että 3d-grafiikan avulla voidaan luoda havainnollisia malleja vaikeaselkoisista kuvista. Opinnäytetyön liitteenä on valmiit animaatiot sisältävä cd-levy.The subject of this thesis was to create animations of impossible objects made for a M.C. Escher exhibition at Amos Anderson art museum in Helsinki and to do research on this subject. The modeling was done as a pair work with another student. The goal was to produce clarifying 3d-visualizations of impossible objects used by Escher in his artwork. The written part of the thesis deals with theories of perceiving images and different methods to present impossible forms, such as single point perception, perspective constructions and minimal surfaces. The work explains also how people usually react on these kinds of pictures and why. Working with this subject made me aware of different possibilities of 3d-animation as a tool to create depictive graphic models of obscure pictures and what these illusions are based on. A compact disc with all the animations is included in this thesis