Awareness and Knowledge Regarding Cervical Cancer Screening and its Association with Demographic Characteristics

 Objective: To assess awareness and knowledge regarding cervical cancer screening, Pap smear screening, HPV infection, vaccine and their association with demographic characteristics. Methodology: This is a questionnaire based cross sectional study with a sample size of 100 female patients. This study was conducted in (OB/GYN OPD) in tertiary care setting of Military Hospital and Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi. Duration of study was 1 month April 2018. Results: Only 44.4% of patients had heard about cervical cancer. Awareness regarding PAP smear and HPV vaccination was present in around 20% patients. The results of the study revealed that higher socio-economic status (p=0.048) and education (p=0.03) was linked to more awareness regarding cervical cancer. Educational status had a linear relationship. Conclusion: The lack of knowledge to cervical cancer occurs in higher socio economic class also. There is a need of more education for increased awareness in all patients to enhance uptake of preventive strategie

THE IMPACT OF COLLABORATIVE CARE ON COST OF TREATMENT FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF HYPERTENSION- A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Introduction: For evaluation of the long term costs and benefits of physician-pharmacist collaboration associated with physician management for the treatment of essential hypertension. Around the world the major cause of death is hypertension. It is an incurable condition that requires proper therapeutic regimens for its life-long management. Due to this, hypertension therapy can be financially burdensome to the patient, and the rates of non-compliance are increased. Aims and Objectives: To observe the results of collaborative, clinical, and interventive approaches to hypertension management, on the cost-effectiveness of therapy, this study aimed to collect and compare cost information on hypertension management, mortality, and morbidity across different countries and cost groups. Using this information, future healthcare expenses can be better planned; for example, by initial emergency response or by changing the way money is distributed. This will lead to more high-pressure jobs. Therefore, it will be more costly to control blood pressure. Method: A systematic review was conducted using 6 major electronic databases that investigated the influence of collaborative care upon healthcare expenses in hypertensive patients and hypertension therapy costs, before and after the intervention of medical personnel, was observed. Conclusions: It was concluded that interventions provided by the collaboration of medical personnel, in the management of hypertension, made the therapy more cost-effective and hence the rate of patient compliance and adherence to the therapy were increased.                   Peer Review History: Received 18 May 2024;   Reviewed 11 July 2024; Accepted 26 August; Available online 15 September 2024 Academic Editor: Dr. Tamer Elhabibi, Suez Canal University, Egypt, [email protected] Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.5/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10 Reviewers: Dr. Ogbonna B. Onyebuchi, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka,  Nigeria, [email protected] Dr. George Zhu, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, [email protected]

Optimization of single step multiplex PCR for detection of Eimeria tenella and Eimeria necatrix from commercial broilers

Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was optimized for detection of 2 important species of Eimeria (Eimeria tenella and E. necatrix). This optimized protocol was used to screen 100 fecal samples collected from broiler birds in Lahore periphery. Out of 100 samples we found 6 tenella and only 1 E. necatrix positive by this method. The detection limit of oocysts by this method was as leastas 16 oocysts. This optimized multiplex PCR method can be used as routine diagnostic tool for detection of E. tenella and E. necatrix and can be extended up to the detection of 7 Eimeria species in future

Assessment of nematodes in Punjab Urial (Ovis vignei punjabiensis) population in Kalabagh game reserve: development of a DNA barcode approach

Punjab urial (Ovis vignei punjabiensis) is a wild sheep of Pakistan, considered a vulnerable species by IUCN. Major threats to urial populations include habitat loss and poaching, causing severe declines in its population. Nematode infections may also compromise urial survival, but little is known about Punjab urial gastrointestinal nematodes. In this study, a novel DNA barcoding approach was developed using ITS-I as a target region, with a primer pair designed to amplify frequently reported nematode species for small ruminants. The novel primer pair was validated in silico and in vitro and subsequently used to determine the presence of nematodes in Punjab urial samples from Kala Bagh Game Reserve, District Mianwali (Pakistan). DNA barcoding revealed a higher prevalence of Haemonchus contortus (73.91%), Trichuris ovis (16.30%) and Trichostrongylus axei (3.26%) in Punjab urial. This study demonstrates that the novel DNA barcoding approach is a robust tool to detect nematode parasites from faecal samples of Punjab urial. This method can be used to detect nematode infections in wild and domestic hosts for surveillance and population conservation

Islam, Islamophobia and Western World on Social Media

The media is to shape the ideas and propose a specific version as reality. Media plays an important role in shaping audience views on any specific problem that arise around the world. Islam and Muslims have turned into the fundamental topics for discussions on social media networks in the West. Western media over all depicted a negative image of Muslims around the globe. In the past two decades after the advancement of science and information technology, the media is suspiciously playing a major role in provoking Islamophobia among the masses. This article discusses the conversations on social media networks about Islam, Islamic faith, Islamophobia, and Muslim’s believes on Facebook in Western countries. The Study also analyzed that how West has shaped the image of Islam and portrayed Muslims through the social media tools. The study identified that Islam the religious of Muslims is named negatively by the West and generate Islamophobia around the globe. Muslims fanaticism, jihad, hijab, mosque, Muslim women dress, Muslim men beard, extremism and terrorism are the well highlighted posts on the social media themes on Facebook

Challenges in NoSQL-Based Distributed Data Storage: A Systematic Literature Review

Key-Value stores (KVSs) are the most flexible and simplest model of NoSQL databases, which have become highly popular over the last few years due to their salient features such as availability, portability, reliability, and low operational cost. From the perspective of software engineering, the chief obstacle for KVSs is to achieve software quality attributes (consistency, throughput, latency, security, performance, load balancing, and query processing) to ensure quality. The presented research is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) to find the state-of-the-art research in the KVS domain, and through doing so determine the major challenges and solutions. This work reviews the 45 papers between 2010–2018 that were found to be closely relevant to our study area. The results show that performance is addressed in 31% of the studies, consistency is addressed in 20% of the studies, latency and throughput are addressed in 16% of the studies, query processing is addressed in 13% of studies, security is addressed in 11% of the studies, and load balancing is addressed in 9% of the studies. Different models are used for execution. The indexing technique was used in 20% of the studies, the hashing technique was used in 13% of the studies, the caching and security techniques were used together in 9% of the studies, the batching technique was used in 5% of the studies, the encoding techniques and Paxos technique were used together in 4% of the studies, and 36% of the studies used other techniques. This systematic review will enable researchers to design key-value stores as efficient storage. Regarding future collaborations, trust and privacy are the quality attributes that can be addressed; KVS is an emerging facet due to its widespread popularity, opening the way to deploy it with proper protection.</jats:p

Molecular Screen of &lt;i&gt;Trichoderma&lt;/i&gt; Isolates

Context: In the last few decades an ample array of molecular techniques has been introduced to obtain new disposition for the classification of Trichoderma species. Today the concern of scientists is either in the direction of gene targeting or ribotyping, the newest fingerprinting tool for genomic DNA that contain all or part of the genes coding for 18S rRNA in eukaryotes.Objectives: To take advantage of advanced molecular techniques for phylogenetic analysis of indigenous isolates of Trichoderma to comprehend our knowledge of this genus by supplementing the phenotypic identification.Materials and Methods:  Genomic DNA of twenty four isolates of Trichoderma species (T. harzianum, T. hamatum, T. koningii and T. pseudokoningii) were extracted by CTAB method and indicated band of ~15Kb on 0.8% agarose gel. Quality of DNA was determined by obtaining absorbance ratio (260/280) in the range of 1.7-1.9. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses were performed by using two restriction endonulease enzymes i.e., BamHI and HindIII. The BamHI represented results in the range of 500bp-750bp. 18S rRNA gene targeting was further carried out through optimization in ribotyping analysis.Results: The DNA bands of 24 isolates of Trichoderma species were compared with marker DNA bands and indicated the presence of genomic DNA intact band of ~15Kb. The ratio of absorbance 260/280nm (1.8-1.9 for pure DNA preparations) provided an estimate of the purity of the DNA RFLP analysis, along with the negative control of twenty four different isolates of Trichoderma species subjected to restriction using BamHI enzyme. The rRNA gene amplified band was observed at 600bp in the case of T. hamatum isolate (S. cumini stem bark, FCBP accession number 769) while in remaining isolates bands were in slightly smeared form. Furthermore, rRNA gene amplification conditions were optimized by altering different Tm and MgCl2 concentrations. Conclusion: The genomic DNA can serve as long term storage of information. Therefore advance molecular techniques can be used to study the variability in the genome of organism. RFLP are the initial steps for screening the genome of any organism.Key words: Trichoderma; DNA; RFLP; restriction endonuleases; 18S rRNA.DOI: 10.3329/jbs.v17i0.7117J. bio-sci. 17: 117-122, 2009</jats:p

Challenges in NoSQL-Based Distributed Data Storage: A Systematic Literature Review

Key-Value stores (KVSs) are the most flexible and simplest model of NoSQL databases, which have become highly popular over the last few years due to their salient features such as availability, portability, reliability, and low operational cost. From the perspective of software engineering, the chief obstacle for KVSs is to achieve software quality attributes (consistency, throughput, latency, security, performance, load balancing, and query processing) to ensure quality. The presented research is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) to find the state-of-the-art research in the KVS domain, and through doing so determine the major challenges and solutions. This work reviews the 45 papers between 2010&#8722;2018 that were found to be closely relevant to our study area. The results show that performance is addressed in 31% of the studies, consistency is addressed in 20% of the studies, latency and throughput are addressed in 16% of the studies, query processing is addressed in 13% of studies, security is addressed in 11% of the studies, and load balancing is addressed in 9% of the studies. Different models are used for execution. The indexing technique was used in 20% of the studies, the hashing technique was used in 13% of the studies, the caching and security techniques were used together in 9% of the studies, the batching technique was used in 5% of the studies, the encoding techniques and Paxos technique were used together in 4% of the studies, and 36% of the studies used other techniques. This systematic review will enable researchers to design key-value stores as efficient storage. Regarding future collaborations, trust and privacy are the quality attributes that can be addressed; KVS is an emerging facet due to its widespread popularity, opening the way to deploy it with proper protection

Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Parthenium Hysterophorus: Optimization, Characterization and In Vitro Therapeutic Evaluation

Traditional synthetic techniques for silver nanoparticles synthesis involve toxic chemicals that are harmful to humans as well as the environment. The green chemistry method for nanoparticle synthesis is rapid, eco-friendly, and less toxic as compared to the traditional methods. In the present research, we synthesized silver nanoparticles employing a green chemistry approach from Parthenium hysterophorus leaf extract. The optimized parthenium silver nanoparticles (PrSNPs) had a mean particle size of 187.87 ± 4.89 nm with a narrow size distribution of 0.226 ± 0.009 and surface charge −34 ± 3.12 mV, respectively. The physicochemical characterization of optimized SNPs was done by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Moreover, the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis indicates the spherical shape of NPs with an average diameter of 20–25 nm. PrSNPs were investigated for in vitro antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, and showed excellent profiles. The cytotoxic activity was analyzed against two cancer cell lines, i.e., B16F10 and HepG2 for 24 h and 48 h. PrSNPs proved to be an excellent anticancer agent. These PrSNPs were also employed for the treatment of wastewater by monitoring the E. coli count, and it turned out to be reduced by 58%; hence these NPs could be used for disinfecting water. Hence, we can propose that PrSNPs could be a suitable candidate as an antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor agent for the treatment of several ailments.</jats:p