Correction of Atmospheric Haze of IRS-1C LISS-III Multispectral Satellite Imagery: An Empirical and Semi-Empirical Based Approach

The atmospheric effect greatly affects the quality of satellite data and mostly found in the polluted urban area in the great extent. In this paper, the atmospheric correction has been carried out on IRS-1C LISS-III multispectral satellite image for efficient results for the Raipur city, India. The atmospheric conditions during satellite data acquisition was very clear hence very clear relative scattering model of improved dark object subtraction method for the correction of atmospheric effects in the data has been carried out to produce the realistic results. The haze values (HV) for green band (band 2), red band (band 3), NIR band (band 4) and SWIR (band 5) are 79, 53, 54 and 124, respectively; were used for the corrections of haze effects using simple dark object subtraction method (SDOS). But the final predicted haze value (FPHV) for these bands are 79, 49.85, 21.31 and 0.13 that were used for the corrections of haze effects applying improved dark object subtraction method (IDOS). We found that IDOS method produces very realistic results when compared with SDOS method for urban land use mapping and change detection analysis. Consequently, ATCOR2 model provides better results when compared with SDOS and IDOS in the study

Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma: Focus on Indian Perspective

Early suspicion, withholding steroids, stereotactic biopsy, and high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) are essential for the treatment of primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL) making its management in lower-middle-income countries (LMIC) challenging. Novel radiological methods, clinician awareness about the disease, and utilization of drugs like thiotepa and ibrutinib which can be given on an outpatient basis may allow better management of these patients in resource-poor settings. Combined with a late presenting demographic, this results in poorer outcomes in the Indian subcontinent as compared to its western counterparts. In this review, we summarize the currently available data on PCNSL in the Indian subcontinent. We also review the current standard of care for PCNSL and present potential modifications or research areas that may potentially improve outcomes in LMIC

Transparent and amorphous tungsten-titanium-oxygen nano-coatings

The present work was performed on the Ti-doping effects in a small and controlled amount into WO3 to produce W0.80Ti0.20 O3. The aim of study is to explore the effect of Titanium (Ti) coupled with growth temperature on the growth of behavior, microstructure and optical properties. W0.80Ti0.20O3 coatings were fabricated using RF magnetron sputter-deposition onto Silicon (Si-100) wafers and optical quality Quartz substrates. The depositions were made in a wide temperature ranging from room temperature (25°C) to 500°C. X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Optical spectrophotometery and Spectroscopic Ellipsometry (SE) were performed to study the effect of temperature on the growth behavior, crystal structure, texturing, surface morphology, and optical properties of W0.80Ti 0.20O3 films. The results show that the effect of temperature is significant on the growth and microstructure of W0.80Ti 0.20O3 coatings. XRD results indicate that the W0.80 Ti0.20O3 coatings grown in the entire range of temperatures are amorphous. SEM imaging analysis indicates that there is no distinct change in surface morphology. Optical band gap (Eg) is found to 3.1 eV. From SE analysis, thickness of the coatings was ∼ 90–100 nm. The microstructure and optical constants of the grown films were evaluated using spectroscopic ellipsometry. The results indicate that the Ti-doped WO3 films are highly transparent and exhibit low optical losses in the visible and near infrared regions. The index of refraction increases from 2.17 to 2.31 with increasing growth temperature from 25 to 500 °C. The increased packing density in the films with increasing temperature is attributed to the linear trend observed in index of refraction. The results suggest that tuning transparency and optical band gap can be achieved by controlling the Ti amount and growth temperature

Transparent and Amorphous W-Ti-O Nano-Coatings

The present work was performed on the Ti-doping effects in a small and controlled amount into WO3 to produce W0.80Ti0.20O3. The aim of study is to explore the effect of Titanium (Ti) coupled with growth temperature on the growth of behavior, microstructure and optical properties. W0.80Ti0.20O3 coatings were fabricated using RF magnetron sputter-deposition onto Silicon (Si-100) wafers and optical quality Quartz substrates. The depositions were made in a wide temperature ranging from room temperature (25 ˚C) to 500 ˚C. X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Optical spectrophotometery and Spectroscopic Ellipsometry (SE) were performed to study the effect of temperature on the growth behavior, crystal structure, texturing, surface morphology, and optical properties of W0.80Ti0.20O3 films. The results show that the effect of temperature is significant on the growth and microstructure of W0.80Ti0.20O3 coatings. XRD results indicate that the W0.80Ti0.20O3 coatings grown in the entire range of temperatures are amorphous. SEM imaging analysis indicates that there is no distinct change in surface morphology. Optical band gap (Eg) is found to 3.1 eV. From SE analysis, thickness of the coatings was ~ 90-100 nm. The microstructure and optical constants of the grown films were evaluated using spectroscopic ellipsometry. The results indicate that the Ti-doped WO3 films are highly transparent and exhibit low optical losses in the visible and near infrared regions. The index of refraction increases from 2.17 to 2.31 with increasing growth temperature from 25 to 500 ºC. The increased packing density in the films with increasing temperature is attributed to the linear trend observed in index of refraction. The results suggest that tuning transparency and optical band gap can be achieved by controlling the Ti amount and growth temperature

Kinetics and mechanism of the oxidation of α-hydroxy acids by tetrabutylammonium tribromide

311-315The oxidation of glycollic, lactic, malic and a few substituted mandelic acids by tetrabutylammonium tribromide (TBATB) in 1: 1 (v/v) acetic acid-water leads to the formation of corresponding oxoacids. The reaction is first order each in TBATB, and the hydroxy acid. Addition of tetrabutylammonium chloride does not affect the rate. Tribromide ion has been proposed as the reactive oxidizing species. The oxidation of α-deuteriomandelic acid shows the presence of a primary kinetic isotope effect (kH/kD = 5.50 at 303 K). The reaction does not exhibit any solvent isotope effect [k (H2O)/k(D2O) = 1.01]. The rate decreases with an increase in the amount of acetic acid in the solvent mixture. A mechanism involving hydride ion transfer to the oxidant is proposed

Prediction of industrial land use using linear regression and mola techniques: A Case Study of Siltara Industrial belt

The Siltara Industrial belt is an important industrial pocket of Chattisgarh state located in the northern part of the Raipur city, which is rapidly growing. In this process spatial, cultural, political and administrative factors are controlling its rate, direction and pattern. The Simple Linear Regression (SLR) and Multi-Objective Land Allocation (MOLA) techniques, which are embedded in SPSS and Idrisi Kilimanjaro software respectively, and have been used for the estimation of future scenario of the industrial growth. In this model, a suitable platform has been prepared in which future industrialization has been estimated by integrating physical, social, cultural factors and land acquisition policy. In this article, results have revealed that industrialization has occurred very fast during last one decade. The industrial land was 6.15 km2 in 2001 and 18.725 km2 in 2011 and estimated as 31.30 km2 in 2021 and 43.87 km2 in 2031 using SLR. The rapid industrial growth is very critical issues for agrarian society and fresh environment. This model very accurately estimating (overall accuracy=95.39%, Kno=97.24%, agreement=98.63 %) the future growth of industrial land. This work will be useful to the planners and policy makers of private and government sectors to regulate the sustainable planning practices and smart decision-making

Kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of some thioacids by morpholinium chlorochromate

1373-1376Oxidation of thioglycollic, thiolactic and thiomalic acids by morpholinium chlorochromate is first order both in MCC and thioacids. The reaction is catalysed by hydrogen ions. The hydrogen ion dependence takes the form kobs=a+b [H⁺]. Oxidation of the thiolactic acid has been studied in nineteen different organic solvents. The solvent effect has been analysed by using Kamlet’s and Swain’s multiparametric equations. A mechanism involving the formation of a thioester and its decomposition in slow step is also proposed

Multi-scenario based urban growth modeling and prediction using earth observation datasets towards urban policy improvement

Urbanization is a growing challenge for city planners and policymakers who are continuously focusing on computer-based statistical models, and machine learning for a sustainable and livable city. The main objectives of this article were to develop a robust artificial intelligence-based hybrid geo-simulation model to support multi-scenario urban growth modeling for urban policy improvement. In this study, earth observation datasets, Artificial Neural Network-Multilayer Perceptron coupled with Markov Chain (MLP-Markov) and Cellular Automata and Markov Chain (CA-Markov) were applied and the best performance was measured for urban growth modeling. The result shows that the urban land use was 25.79, 31.40, 45.19, 89.22 and 147.96 square km in 1971, 1981, 1991, 2001 and 2011 which has been predicted for 2021, 2031, 2041 and 2051 based on the planned and unplanned development scenarios. The predicted urban land use of the planned development scenario is 242.10, 312.69, 363.80 and 400.72 square km while 242.91, 314.31, 366.23 and 403.98 square km of the unplanned development scenario during 2021, 2031, 2041 and 2051. The uncertainty result shows that overall agreement (84.99%) and other indices are higher, and disagreement is lower (15.01%) for MLP-Markov than the CA-Markov for the urban land use prediction. The hybrid geo-simulation models were tested over multiple urban planning indicators to understand urban growth patterns and related scenarios. The result shows that the geo-simulation model is extremely sensitive to the complex pattern of urban growth and disperse indicators over space and time. This study provides a promising guideline for urban planners and conservation scientists to implement a robust artificial intelligence-based hybrid geo-simulation model for compact, organized, and integrated land use-transportation development.HIGHLIGHTS Raipur city passing through sprawling and unplanned development due to uncontrol population growth and unmanaged development practices by local government and planning authority. Master plan of the development authority of the city failed to restrict unplanned development. Proposed urban growth model promote a compact, organized, integrated land use-transportation development and sustainable urban planning. Study, highlighted complexity in the modeling and suggested simplified Machine-based hybrid geo-simulation model for future urban growth for urban policy improvement