Comparison of breast cancer patients over the age of 70 and under the age of 35

İntroduction: Although breast cancer is a type of cancer that is mainly seen in advanced ages, its incidence is increasing in early ages in developing countries. While advanced age may create limitations in treatment due to the person's functional capacity and low life expectancy, treatments may be exaggerated at a young age due to the long-life expectancy and expectations from life. In this study, we aimed to examine possible differences in approach in two different age groups diagnosed with breast cancer. Materials and Methods: The retrospective study included 123 patients over the age of 70 or under 35 who applied to our hospital's breast surgery outpatient clinic between 2016 and 2021 and were diagnosed with breast cancer. The patients' complaints at the outpatient clinic, the histopathological features of the tumor, and the treatments applied were compared. Results: 64 (52%) of the patients included in the study were over 70 years old, and 59 (47%) were under 35 years old. Patients in both groups were applied to the outpatient clinic with a palpable mass. Histopathologically, invasive ductal cancer constituted the majority in both groups. While the elderly patients were lower grade and Estrogen receptor-positive, the younger patients were high grade, Estrogen receptor negative, and mostly triple negative. Conclusions: Regardless of age, breast cancer is a cancer type that can have better results with early diagnosis. While making the treatment decision the decision should be made according to the characteristics of the tumor, comorbidity, and life expectancy, regardless of the patient's age

Demonstration of the protective effect of ghrelin in the livers of rats with cisplatin toxicity

Despite the various and newly developed chemotherapeutic agents in recent years, cisplatin is still used very frequently as a chemotherapeutic agent, even though cisplatin has toxic effects on many organs. The aim of our study is to show whether ghrelin reduces the liver toxicity of cisplatin in the rat model. Twenty-eight male Sprague Dawley albino mature rats were chosen to be utilized in the study. Group 1 rats (n = 7) were taken as the control group, and no medication was given to them. Group 2 rats (n = 7) received 5 mg/kg/day cisplatin and 1 ml/kg/day of 0.9% NaCl, Group 3 rats (n = 7) received 5 mg/kg/day cisplatin and 10 ng/kg/day ghrelin, Group 4 rats (n = 7) received 5 mg/kg/day cisplatin and 20 ng/kg/day ghrelin for 3 days. Glutathione, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, and liver biopsy results were measured in rats. It was determined that, especially in the high-dose group, the MDA, plasma ALT, and SOD levels increased less in the ghrelin group as compared to the cisplatin group, and the glutathione level decreased slightly with a low dose of ghrelin, while it increased with a higher dose. In histopathological examination, it was determined that the toxic effect of cisplatin on the liver was reduced with a low dose of ghrelin, and its histopathological appearance was similar to normal liver tissue when given a high dose of ghrelin. These findings show that ghrelin, especially in high doses, can be used to reduce the toxic effect of cisplatin

An evaluation of the reliability of the neutrophil-tolymphocyte ratio in patients with acute cholecystitis undergoing laparoscopic surgery

Introduction: Acute cholecystitis is observed quite commonly in emergency surgery clinics and parameters are needed for diagnosis and treatment. The aim of this study was to determine whether the neutrophil-tolymphocyte ratio (NLR) is of benefi in the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis. Materials and Methods: A retrospective evaluation of patients who were hospitalized between January 2014 and February 2018 for the treatment of acute cholecystitis was conducted. The blood tests and radiological tests of the patients were evaluated. The NLR was calculated and compared with the clinical and laboratory values of the patients. Results: A total of 185 patients were identifid, comprising 102 (55.1%) females and 83 (44.9%) males with a mean age of 51.5±15.9 years. The mean leukocyte count was 11.6±3.6 109/L and the mean C-reactive protein (CRP) value was 37±76.4 mg/L. Overall, 90 (48.6%) patients had normal leukocyte values and 59 (31.8%) patients had normal CRP values. In 20 (10.8%) patients with an NLR of approximately 1, only 1 (5%) was aged >60 years and all of the remaining patients were <45 years of age. In 53 (28.6%) patients, the NLR was determined to be approximately 2, and the NLR value was ≥3 in 112 (60.5%) patients. Conclusion: Awareness of an increased NLR may be benefiial in the diagnosis of patients with acute cholecystitis

Gall bladder polyps: Our experience in a tertiary referral centre

Aim: An increasing number of patients are undergoing surgical treatment for gallbladder polyps (GPs). As there is still controversy on the subject, it remains unclear whether GPs are the precursors of gallbladder tumors. The aim of this study was to examine the clinicopathological features of patients who had undergone cholecystectomy in our clinic for the treatment of gallbladder polyps. Material and Methods: A retrospective review was made of the clinicopathological data of patients who underwent cholecystectomy, selected from a group of 2048 patients, who received treatment between 2014-2018. Results: A total of 79 (3.8%) patients were identified, comprising 50 (63.2%) females and 29 (36.8%) males with a mean age of 43 years (range, 22-81 years). During pre-operative ultrasonography, 60 (75.9%) patients were detected with a single polyp and 19 (23.1%) patients had multiple polyps. When postoperative histology was evaluated, 70 (88.6%) patients had cholesterol polyps, 2 (2.5%) patients had gallbladder stones, 5 (6.3%) patients had papillary adenomas without dysplasia and 1 (1.2%) patient had papillary adenoma with dysplasia, while 1 (1.2%) of patient had gallbladder adenocarcinoma. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, as gallbladder polyps may be pre-cancerous or cancerous lesions, patients diagnosed with GP should be followed up closely with surgical treatment applied when necessary

Benign Epidermal Perianal Inclusion Cysts

Epidermal kistler çok yaygın lezyonlardır. Bu makalede, perianal yerleşimli epidermal inklüzyon kist olgusu sunmaktayız. Yüzeyel ultrason ile perianal bölgede yerleşmiş olan kistik kitlenin olduğu görüldü. Histopatolojik değerlendirme için kitleye total eksizyon uyguladık. Patoloji sonucu epidermal inklüzyon kisti geldi. Perianal yerleşimli epidermal inklüzyon kistleri ender görülen lezyonlardır. Anal ve perianal bölge benign ve malign hastalıklarının ayırıcı tanısında bu bölgenin epidermoid kistleride akılda tutulmalıdır.Epidermal cysts are very common lesions. We present a perianal epidermal inclusion cyst in this article. Cystic lesion in the perianal region was detected with superficial ultrasound. We performed total excision of the mass for histopathological evaluation. Pathology turned out to be epidermal inclusion cyst. Perianal localization of epidermal inclusion cysts is rarely encountered. In the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant diseases of the anal and perianal region, epidermoid cyst should be taken into consideration

Therapeutic effects of vitamin D on acetic acid-induced colitis in rats

Purpose: To analyze the effect of calcitriol treatment on acute colitis in an experimental rat model. Methods: A total of 24 adult Sprague Dawley albino rats were randomly separated into 3 equal groups: control group (n:8), colitis group (n:8), calcitriol administered group (n:8). A single dose of acetic acid (1 ml of 4% solution) was administered intrarectally to induce colitis. Group 1 was given 1 ml/kg 0.9% NaCl intraperitoneally; rats belonging to Group 2 were administered calcitriol 1 mu g/kg for 5 days. Results: Plasma tumor necrosis factor alpha, Pentraxin 3, and malondialdehyde levels were significantly lower in the calcitriol administered colitis group than in the standard colitis group (p<0.01). In the Calcitriol group, there was a significant histological improvement in hyperemia, hemorrhage and necrotic areas in the epithelium compared to the placebo group (p<0.000). Conclusion: The findings suggest that calcitriol may be an agent that could be used in acute colitis treatment

Benign epidermal perianal ınclusion cysts

İstanbul Bilim Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi.Epidermal kistler çok yaygın lezyonlardır. Bu makalede perianal yerleşimli epidermal inklüzyon kist olgusu sunmaktayız. Yüzeyel ultrason ile perianal bölgede yerleşmiş olan kistik kitlenin olduğu görüldü. Histopatolojik değerlendirme için kitleye total eksizyon uyguladık. Patoloji sonucu epidermal inklüzyon kisti geldi. Perianal yerleşimli epidermal inklüzyon kistleri nadir görülen lezyonlardır. Anal ve perianal bölge benign ve malign hastalıklarının ayırıcı tanısında bu bölgenin epidermoid kistleride akılda tutulmalıdır.Epidermal cysts are very common lesions.We offer a perianal epidermal inclusion cysts located in the article. Cystic in the perianal region with superficial ultrasound showed that the mass. We performed total excision of the mass for histopathological evaluation. Pathology results came epidermal inclusion cyst. Perianal localization of epidermal inclusion cysts are rare lesions.In the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant diseases of the anal and perianal epidermoid cyst should be considered in this area

Dev splenik hemanjiom: Elektif laparoskopik splenektomi

İstanbul Bilim Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi.Splenik hemanjiomalar sık görülmemelerine rağmen bu organın en sık benign primer neoplazmlarıdır. Klinik olarak genellikle asemptomatiklerdir ve rastlantısal olarak radyolojik tetkiklerle saptanırlar. Artmış tümör boyutu ve bununla artan spontan masif hemoraji riski splenektomi endikasyonu koydurur. Laparoskopik yaklaşım çoğu splenektomi vakalarında tercih edilen, cerraha kolaylık sağlayan önemli bir yöntemdir

A rare upper gastrointestinal bleeding cause: Dieulafoy lesion

İstanbul Bilim Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi.Gastrointestinal sistemin nadir görülen kanama nedenlerinden biri Dieulafoy lezyonudur. Bu lezyonlar yaşamı tehdit edecek masif kanamalara yol açabilir. Tanı ve tedavide rutin olarak endoskopi kullanılmaktadır. Bu vasküler anomali genellikle midenin proksimalinde görülmekle beraber özofagus, ince ve kalın bağırsakta da görülebilir. Dieulafoy lezyonu sıklıkla lümene çıkıntılı, yeni olgularda üzerinde pıhtı bulunan arteriyel damar lezyonudur. Tedavide öncelikle endoskopik girişimler uygulanmalı, sonuç alınamıyorsa hasta ameliyat edilmelidir. Bu makalede Dieulafoy lezyonunun yol açtığı masif üst gastrointestinal sistem kanamasından dolayı acil ameliyat edilen 25 yaşında bir erkek olgu sunuldu.One of the rare cause of upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding is Dieulafoy lesion. These lesions may lead life threatening massive bleeding. Endoscopy is used for diagnose and treatment in routine basis. Although this vascular anomaly is generally seen on the proximal part of stomach, it can seen on esophagus, small bowel and colon, as well. Dieulafoy lesion is generally protrusive vascular lesion on the mucosal surface of the stomach. This lesion has a clot on it, in novel cases. In the treatment endoscopic procedures should be applied at first-line, if it doesn’t work, the patient must undergo for a surgery. Herein, a 25-year-old male patient with Dieulafoy lesion has reported, caused massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding, which underwent surgery