66 research outputs found

    Labour Unions and Anti-Combines Policy

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    Turning the Tables on RDS: Racially Revealing Questions Asked by White Judges

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    In the 1997 RDS case, the Supreme Court of Canada deliberated on the concept of judicial race bias. The decision subjected the oral ruling of a lower court trial judge in a busy Youth Court to close scrutiny. The majority of the nine-person, all-white bench reprimanded Canada’s first Black female judge, whose words about police officers who “overreact” in dealing with racialized youth they found “troubling” and “worrisome.” This article places the same close scrutiny on the words of the white judges who were most critical of the trial judge. It examines their informal interjections and comments at the Supreme Court oral hearing. Making use of the appellate transcript and video-recording of the oral argument, it concludes that the informal comments of the top court judges exemplified many of the patterns that anti-racist educators describe as indicative of a lack of understanding of racism. Dans l’affaire RDS de 1997, la Cour suprême du Canada a délibéré sur le concept de partialité raciale judiciaire. La décision a soumis à un examen minutieux la décision prononcée oralement par une juge de première instance dans un tribunal pour adolescents très fréquenté. La majorité des neuf juges, tous de race blanche, ont réprimandé la première juge de race noire au Canada, dont les propos sur les agents de police qui « réagissent de façon excessive » lorsqu’ils traitent avec des jeunes racialisés ont été jugés « inquiétants ». Le présent article examine avec la même attention les propos des juges blancs qui ont le plus critiqué la juge de première instance. Il examine leurs interjections et commentaires informels lors de l’audience de la Cour suprême. S’appuyant sur la transcription de l’appel et l’enregistrement vidéo de la plaidoirie, il conclut que les commentaires informels des juges de la Cour suprême illustrent bon nombre des modèles que les éducateurs antiracistes décrivent comme révélateurs d’un manque de compréhension du racisme

    MCKENZIE LEIPER, Jean — Bar Codes: Women in the Legal Profession.

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    "I Was Unable to Identify with Topsy" Carrie M. Best's Struggle Against Racial Segregation in Nova Scotia, 1942

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    This paper reports on an eventful court case that has been buried in Canadian legal archives for fifty-six years. In 1942, Carrie Best brought an action against a Nova Scotia theatre, charging the owners with racist discrimination. Dr. Best, an African-Canadian who was a former teacher, journalist, and founder of The Clarion (a newspaper which she began publishing in 1945) has been a tireless advocate for human rights and has fought against racial discrimination and segregation in Nova Scotia. At the age of 95, she lives in her home community of New Glasgow, Nova Scotia. We dedicate this article to Dr. Best and her pioneering struggle against racial segregation.Cet article rapporte une cause celebre,qui etait enfouie dans les archives judiciaires canadiennes durant les cinquante-six dernieres annees. En 1942. Carrie Best intenta une actioncontre le Nova Scotia Theatre, accusant les proprietaires de discrimination raciale. Dr. Best, une Canadienne d'origine africaine, enseignante, journaliste et fondatrice du journal The Clarion (journal qu'elle commenca a publier en 1945), fut une championne des droits de la personne et lutta contre la discrimination et la segregation raciale en Nouvelle- Ecosse. Age de 95 ans, elle vit chez elle a New-Glasgow, en Nouvelle-Ecosse. Nous dedions cet article au Dr. Best et a sa lutte pionniere contre la segregation raciale

    Nineteenth-Century Canadian Prostitution Law: Reflection of a Discriminatory Society

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    The History of nineteenth-century Canadian Law reveals that legislators and social reformers took three distinct approaches to the problem of prostitution. They attempted to regulate the trade in sexuality through a Canadian Contagious Diseases Act which sought to control venereal disease in prostitutes. They attempted to prohibit the commercial sale of sex through systematic criminal enactments meant to abolish all features of prostitution, from the selling and buying of sexual services to the procuring, pimping and profiteering from the business. They attempted to rehabilitate prostitutes and would-be prostitutes by establishing asylums, women's prisons and juvenile detention institutions. None of these approaches was ultimately successful and each worked substantial injustice upon individual prostitutes. Discrimination on the basis of class, race, ethnic origin and sex featured predominantly in the formulation and application of each approach, and served as a hallmark of the Canadian legal response to prostitution. L’histoire de la lĂ©gislation canadienne au XIXe siĂšcle rĂ©vĂšle que les lĂ©gislateurs et les rĂ©formateurs sociaux adoptĂšrent trois approches distinctes face au problĂšme de la prostitution. Ils s’efforcĂšrent de rĂ©glementer le commerce de la sexualitĂ© au moyen de l’Acte canadien des maladies contagieuses, afin de contrĂŽler les maladies vĂ©nĂ©riennes des prostituĂ©es. Ils tentĂšrent aussi d’interdire la commercialisation du sexe par des mesures systĂ©matiques concernant le crime, en vue d’abolir toutes les manifestations de la prostitution, de la vente et achat de services sexuels, ou proxĂ©nĂštisme et aux profits tirĂ©s de ce travail. Et ils tentĂšrent Ă©galement de rĂ©habiliter les prostituĂ©es et celles qui voulaient se prostituer en crĂ©ant des asiles, des prisons pour femmes et des institutions de dĂ©tention juvĂ©nile. Aucune de ces approches n’eut, en fin de compte, de succĂšs. Chacune d’elles engendra par contre de rĂ©elles injustices envers les prostituĂ©es. Les discriminations de classe, de race, d’origine ethnique et de sexe furent Ă©videntes dans la formulation et l’application de chacune des approches, et servirent pour ainsi dire de « marque de fabrique » de la rĂ©ponse juridique du Canada en matiĂšre de prostitution

    Labour Unions and Anti-Combines Policy

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    Justice Bertha Wilson and the Politics of Feminism

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    Justice Bertha Wilson did not self-identify as a feminist, and yet there is much in her judicial decisions, writing, speeches and life to indicate great solidarity with feminist principles. This paper explores Justice Wilson’s uneasy relationship with the feminist movement and considers the influence of different generational cohorts on the shaping of feminist identities among Canadian lawyers and judges

    Racial Segregation in Canadian Legal History: Viola Desmond\u27s Challenge, Nova Scotia, 1946

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    Viola Desmond\u27s courageous efforts to eliminate racial segregation are not as well known to Canadians in general. However, the legal response to Viola Desmond\u27 s challenge provides one of the best examples of the historical role of law in sustaining racism in Canada

    A Comparative Survey of Canadian and American Rape Law

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