Core and accessory genomic traits of Vibrio cholerae O1 drive lineage transmission and disease severity

In Bangladesh, Vibrio cholerae lineages are undergoing genomic evolution, with increased virulence and spreading ability. However, our understanding of the genomic determinants influencing lineage transmission and disease severity remains incomplete. Here, we developed a computational framework using machine-learning, genome scale metabolic modelling (GSSM) and 3D structural analysis, to identify V. cholerae genomic traits linked to lineage transmission and disease severity. We analysed in-patients isolates from six Bangladeshi regions (2015-2021), and uncovered accessory genes and core SNPs unique to the most recent dominant lineage, with virulence, motility and bacteriophage resistance functions. We also found a strong correlation between V. cholerae genomic traits and disease severity, with some traits overlapping those driving lineage transmission. GSMM and 3D structure analysis unveiled a complex interplay between transcription regulation, protein interaction and stability, and metabolic networks, associated to lifestyle adaptation, intestinal colonization, acid tolerance and symptom severity. Our findings support advancing therapeutics and targeted interventions to mitigate cholera spread

Convergence of resistance and evolutionary responses in Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica co-inhabiting chicken farms in China

Sharing of genetic elements among different pathogens and commensals inhabiting same hosts and environments has significant implications for antimicrobial resistance (AMR), especially in settings with high antimicrobial exposure. We analysed 661 Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica isolates collected within and across hosts and environments, in 10 Chinese chicken farms over 2.5 years using novel data-mining methods. Most isolates within same hosts possessed same clinically relevant AMR-carrying mobile genetic elements (plasmids: 70.6%, transposons: 78%), which also showed recent common evolution. Machine learning revealed known and novel AMR-associated mutations and genes underlying resistance to 28 antimicrobials and primarily associated with resistance in E. coli and susceptibility in S. enterica. Many were essential and affected same metabolic processes in both species, albeit with varying degrees of phylogenetic penetration. Multi-modal strategies are crucial to investigate the interplay of mobilome, resistance and metabolism in cohabiting bacteria, especially in ecological settings where community-driven resistance selection occurs

Breaking Strength and Elongation Properties of Polyester Woven Fabrics on the Basis of Filament Fineness

WOS: 000368643200006Woven fabrics produced from microfilament yarns are superior to conventional filament fabrics in rain clothes, tents, parachutes, sails, wind-proof clothes, sleeping bags, filters, and surgical gowns due to their distinguishing properties such as good filtration, barrier effect against weather conditions, and light weight. Breaking strength and elongation are important and decisive parameters for these end uses since low strength properties shorten the useful life time as well disable the functionality of these products. In this study, breaking strength and elongation properties of microfilament woven fabrics are investigated in comparison to conventional filament fabrics. Three different weave types are used as 1/1 Plain, 3/2 Twill, and 4/1 Satin. Four different weft setts and five different filament finenesses are applied for every weave type. In doing so, 60 woven fabric samples are produced. Important influences of weft sett and filament fineness are observed on weft direction breaking strength. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) results are used to interpret the experimental data