Evaluation of soil salinity indexes based on bulk electrical conductivity

[SPA] Los sensores del suelo que miden conductividad eléctrica (CE) y humedad desempeñan un papel esencial en el control de la salinidad del suelo. Sin embargo, la interpretación precisa de la salinidad del suelo depende del desarrollo de Índices de Salinidad (IS) adecuados. Este trabajo se enfoca en el estudio del potencial de varios IS basados en la CE del medio (ECb), utilizando análisis de regresión para conocer cómo estos IS representan la salinidad del suelo. Los resultados indican que el ECb es un IS eficiente siempre que se mida a humedad constante. Además, la precisión de esta medida aumenta con la humedad del sustrato. La pendiente del ajuste de regresión lineal humedad-ECb se propone como un IS nuevo y fiable. [ENG] Soil sensors that measure electrical conductivity (EC) and moisture play an essential role in monitoring soil salinity. However, the accurate understanding of salinity depends on the development of suitable sensor-based Salinity Indices (SI). This work studied the potential of several SIs based on bulk EC (ECb), which is the only EC directly measured by sensors. Regression studies were performed to know how these SIs describe soil salinity. The results indicate that ECb is an efficient SI as long as humidity is constant. Moreover, its accuracy increases with substrate moisture. The slope of the linear regression fit moisture-ECb is proposed as a novel and reliable SIEsta investigación ha sido financiada por el Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades de España, el Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional, subvención número RTI2018-093997-B-I00, y por la AEI española (subvención número PCI 2019-103608) bajo el programa PRIMA en el marco del proyecto PRECIMED

Database of spatial distribution of non indigenous species in Spanish marine waters

Research in marine Spanish waters are focused on several actions to achieve an effectively management on protected areas, with the active participation of the stakeholders and research as basic tools for decision-making. Among these actions, there is one about the knowledge and control on NIS. One of its objectives is the creation of NIS factsheets, which are going to be added to the National Marine Biodiversity Geographical System (GIS) providing complementary information about taxonomic classification, common names, taxonomic synonyms, species illustrations, identification morphological characters, habitat in the native and introduced regions, biological and ecological traits, GenBank DNA sequences, world distribution, first record and evolution in the introduced areas, likely pathways of introduction, effects in the habitats and interaction with native species, and potential management measures to apply. The database will also provide data for (1) the European online platforms, (2) the environmental assessment for the Descriptor 2 (D2-NIS) of the EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD), as well as (3) supporting decisions made by stakeholders. It is the result of extensive collaboration among scientist, manager’s and citizen science in the Spanish North-Atlantic, South-Atlantic, Gibraltar Strait-Alboran, Levantine-Balearic and Canary Islands marine divisions, providing an updated overview of the spatial distribution of relevant extended and invasive NIS of recent and established NIS introduced by maritime transport and aquaculture pathways, as well as on cryptogenic or native species in expansion due to the climatic water warming trend

Evaluation of the fat content in a small-calibre Salami made with pork from Chato Murciano breed Evaluation of the fat content in a small-calibre Salami made with pork from Chato Murciano breed

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El riego con agua residual depurada salina permite producir ficus (Ficus benjamina L.) en maceta con una pérdida de calidad mínima

The objective of the present study was to investigate the limitations of irrigation with saline reclaimed wastewater (RW) for producing potted weeping fig (Ficus benjamina L.). Furthermore, two different levels of leaching were studied to ascertain whether either reduces the negative effects of RW. Three irrigation treatments were applied: a) well water (control), b) RW (5 dS m-1) with a constant leaching fraction of 23% (RWL), and c) RW (5 dS m-1) with a constant leaching fraction of 15% and 50% flushing every nine irrigation events (RWF). After five months of exposure to the RW, plant size, leaf area, specific leaf area, plant DW, stem diameter and shoot/root ratio were reduced, but both compactness and the appearance of the plants remained high. RWF reduced leaf area, plant dry weight, stem diameter, leaf lightness, leaf chroma and leaf SPAD compared with the RWL. Water consumption per pot was higher in control (50.58 L), followed by RWL (24.29 L) and RWF (19.6 L). Photosynthesis and stomatal conductance were 50% lower in RWL plants than in the control, while the RWF plants had the lowest rates. RWF caused damages in the photochemical apparatus. This study confirms that: a) weeping fig is a good candidate for being grown with saline RW without compromising its aesthetic value; b) RW may be regarded as a good alternative to the retardants used in this plant; and c) the recommended irrigation would be RWL.El objetivo del estudio fue investigar las limitaciones del riego con agua residual regenerada salina (RW) en la producción de Ficus benjamina L. en maceta. Se valoró también la efectividad de dos de niveles drenaje para reducir los efectos negativos del RW. Los tratamientos fueron: a) agua no salina (control), b) RW con 5 dS m-1 y un 23% de drenaje (RWL), y c) RW con 5 dS m-1 y un 15% de drenaje, más un 50% de lavado cada 9 riegos (RWF). Después de 5 meses bajo RW el tamaño de la planta, área foliar, área foliar específica, peso seco de la planta, diámetro del tallo y el ratio parte aérea/raíz fueron reducidos, mientras que la compacidad y el aspecto ornamental estuvieron dentro de los patrones comerciales adecuados. RWF produjo una disminución del área foliar, peso seco de la planta, diámetro del tallo, luminosidad y saturación del color de la hoja, y de la clorofila foliar (SPAD) en comparación con RWL. El consumo de agua fue mayor en el control (50,58 L), seguido de RWL (24,29 L) y RWF (19,6 L). La fotosíntesis y la conductancia estomática fueron un 50% menor en las plantas bajo RWL respecto al control, mientras que las plantas bajo RWF presentaron los registros más bajos. RWF produjo daños en el aparato fotoquímico. Este estudio indica que: a) F. benjamina puede ser cultivado con RW sin comprometer su valor estético, b) el riego con RW resultó una buena alternativa al uso de retardadores químicos, y c) el riego recomendado es RWL