Morphological Analysis of the Human Internal Iliac Artery in South Indian Population

Objectives: The accidental hemorrhage is common due to erroneous interpretation of the variant arteries during surgical procedures, hence the present study has been undertaken with reference to its morphological significance. The objectives were to examine the level of origin, length and the branching pattern of the human internal iliac artery in South Indian population. Methods: The study included 60 human bisected pelvises irrespective of their side and sex. The specimens were collected from the anatomy laboratory and were fixed with the formalin. The branching patterns were studied and demonstrated as per the guidelines of Adachi. Results: The origin of internal iliac artery was at the level of S1 vertebra in majority (58.3%) of the cases. The average length of internal iliac artery was 37 ± 4.62 mm (range, 13-54 mm). The type I pattern of the internal iliac artery was most common (83.5%) followed by types III and II. The type IV and V pattern of adachi were not observed. Conclusions: The results of this study were different from those reported by others and may be because of racial and geographical variations. Prior knowledge of the anatomical variations is beneficial for the vascular surgeons ligating the internal iliac artery or its branches and the radiologists interpreting angiograms of the pelvic region

Morphometry of Glenoid Cavity

Objectives: Knowledge of the shape and dimensions of the glenoid are important in the design and fitting of glenoid components for total shoulder arthroplasty. An understanding of variations in normal anatomy of the glenoid is essential while evaluating pathological conditions like osseous Bankart lesions and osteochondral defects. Methods: This study was done on 202 dry, unpaired adult human scapulae of unknown sex belonging to the south Indian population. Three glenoid diameters were measured, the superior-inferior diameter, anterior-posterior diameter of the lower half and the anterior-posterior diameter of the upper half of the glenoid. Based on a notch present on the anterior glenoid rim, variations in the shape of the glenoid cavity were classified as inverted comma shaped, pear shaped and oval. Results: The average superior-inferior diameter on right and the left sides were 33.67±2.82mm and 33.92±2.87mm respectively. The average anterior-posterior diameter of the lower half of the right glenoid was 23.35±2.04mm and that of the left was 23.02±2.30mm. The mean diameter of the upper half of the right glenoid was 16.27±2.01mm and that of the left was 15.77±1.96mm. Conclusion: The dimensions of the glenoid observed in the present study were lesser than those recorded in the studies done on other populations. This fact may be taken into consideration while designing glenoid prostheses for the south Indian population. The current study recorded a higher percentage of glenoid cavities having the glenoid notch as compared to earlier studies. While evaluating defects/lesions of the glenoid, this fact could be useful

Information Technology and Healthcare Education: Scope and Opportunities

Information Technology and Healthcare Education: Scope and Opportunitie

Information Technology and Healthcare Education: Scope and Opportunities

Information Technology and Healthcare Education: Scope and Opportunitie

The usefulness of case reports in managing emerging infectious disease

Emerging infectious diseases are an important problem in medicine. Case reports usually document episodes in the early emerging phase or in a small outbreak. Although the case report is considered weak evidence in medical literature, it is usually the first report when there is a new emerging infectious disease. There is no doubt that case reports can provide useful information for further case series, reviews and studies. This editorial focuses on the usefulness of the case report on emerging infectious disease to the medical society. Publication in this area is highly welcomed by the journal and can serve as a future point of reference

A morphometric analysis of intercondylar notch of femur with emphasis on its clinical implications.

The intercondylar notch has been an anatomic site of interest as it lodges the anterior cruciate ligament. The objectives of the present study were to study the morphology and morphometry of femoral intercondylar notch in cadaveric dry bones with emphasis on its clinical implications.The present investigation was performed by using 97 dry femora. The parameters like intercondylar notch width, intercondylar notch depth, condylar width and condylar depth were measured. The shapes of intercondylar notch were also analyzed. The measurements were compared statistically with respect to right and sides and were tabulated. It was observed that the intercondylar notch was having inverted ‘U’ shape morphology in 71 (73.2%) specimens and it was inverted ‘V’ shaped in 26 (26.8%) cases. The mean intercondylar notch width, intercondylar notch depth, condylar width and condylar depth were 11.9 ± 2.7 mm, 26.3 ± 2.4 mm, 72.9 ± 5.3 mm and 57.3 ± 4.3 mm, respectively. It was observed that there was no statistical significance difference observed (p > 0.05) between the right and left sides. The notch width index and notch depth index were determined as 0.25 and 0.46, respectively. The morphometry data of the present study could provide importance to the orthopedicians in prevention and management of knee injuries. We believe that the present study has provided additional information on this subject and these data might be of use to the clinicians who are involved in the diagnosis and management of knee problems

Information Technology and Healthcare Education: Scope and Opportunities

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Appendicitis and appendectomy: a retrospective survey in South Indian population.

Appendectomy is the surgical procedure of removal of appendix. The inflamed or diseased condition of appendix also known as appendicitis is a common occurrence and is a surgical emergency. It commonly occurs due to obstruction of its lumen. The comprehensive information about the trends in the clinical profile of the appendicitis and appendectomy and pattern of its variation with respect to age and gender may help in clinical updates. Hence, this study included a review of case records of all appendectomy patients in a South Indian hospital since the last five years. The data was collected and analysed statistically. A total of 2402 appendectomy operations were found since the last five years (2006-2010). Among them, 1114 cases were males (46%) and 1288 were females (54%).Total number of 1961 (81.6%) cases of appendectomies were performed for the removal of an inflamed appendix and in remaining 441 (18.4%) cases, appendectomy was done along with the other procedures such as hysterectomy, and colectomy. The incidence of appendicitis and appendectomy were higher in females. The survey revealed, higher incidence rate among 16-30 year age group followed by 31-45 and 1-15 years

Foramen of Vesalius: Prevalence, Morphology, Embryological Basis and Clinical Implications

Abstract The objectives of the present study were to find the prevalence of foramen of Vesalius and to discuss its morphology. The embryological basis of this foramen and its surgical highlights are emphasized. The study comprised 78 human adult dried skulls, which were obtained from the anatomy laboratory of our institution. The greater wing of the sphenoid bone was macroscopically observed for the presence of foramen of Vesalius. It was observed that the foramen was present in 29 skulls (37.2%). It was seen bilaterally in 13 (16.7%) skulls and unilaterally in 16 (20.5%) specimens.Anatomical literature has explained the variation of this foramen by the developmental considerations. We believe that the details of this foramen are known to have significant implications for the medical and surgical literature. The details are also enlightening to the clinical anatomists and other broad specialties of medicine.This sphenoidal emissary foramen contains a bridging vein, which connects the pterygoid venous plexus with the cavernous sinus. This communication is clinically important, since an extra cranial infection may sometimes reach the cavernous sinus through this foramen, which may lead to cavernous sinus thrombosis. Foramen of Vesalius can get injured during the trigeminal nerve block technique performed for the trigeminal neuralgia. In this procedure, the foramen can get hurt by a displaced instrument, which would end up in intracranial bleeding, which can spread the extracranal infection into the cavernous sinus. This may lead to serious disorders like Tolosa Hunt and Gradenigo syndromes