Cancer Treatment and Bone Health

Considerable advances in oncology over recent decades have led to improved survival, while raising concerns about long-term consequences of anticancer treatments. In patients with breast or prostate malignancies, bone health is a major issue due to the high risk of bone metastases and the frequent prolonged use of hormone therapies that alter physiological bone turnover, leading to increased fracture risk. Thus, the onset of cancer treatment-induced bone loss (CTIBL) should be considered by clinicians and recent guidelines should be routinely applied to these patients. In particular, baseline and periodic follow-up evaluations of bone health parameters enable the identification of patients at high risk of osteoporosis and fractures, which can be prevented by the use of bone-targeting agents (BTAs), calcium and vitamin D supplementation and modifications of lifestyle. This review will focus upon the pathophysiology of breast and prostate cancer treatment-induced bone loss and the most recent evidence about effective preventive and therapeutic strategies

International Consensus Statement on Rhinology and Allergy: Rhinosinusitis

Background: The 5 years since the publication of the first International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis (ICAR‐RS) has witnessed foundational progress in our understanding and treatment of rhinologic disease. These advances are reflected within the more than 40 new topics covered within the ICAR‐RS‐2021 as well as updates to the original 140 topics. This executive summary consolidates the evidence‐based findings of the document. Methods: ICAR‐RS presents over 180 topics in the forms of evidence‐based reviews with recommendations (EBRRs), evidence‐based reviews, and literature reviews. The highest grade structured recommendations of the EBRR sections are summarized in this executive summary. Results: ICAR‐RS‐2021 covers 22 topics regarding the medical management of RS, which are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Additionally, 4 topics regarding the surgical management of RS are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Finally, a comprehensive evidence‐based management algorithm is provided. Conclusion: This ICAR‐RS‐2021 executive summary provides a compilation of the evidence‐based recommendations for medical and surgical treatment of the most common forms of RS

Responses of Eastern Red Cedar to Control Procedures

Various chemical, mechanical, and burning procedures were evaluated for control of eastern red cedar (Juniperus virginiana L.). Injection treatments of picloram caused 70 to 100% desiccation and plant kill at several dates of application but 2,4,5-T did not. High rates of granular picloram applied in either August or March caused greater desiccation than did lower rates. Picloram alone or in combination with 2,4,5-T or 2,4-D as wetting foliar-stem treatments caused good kill, as did high rates of other herbicides. Low volume foliar treatments of picloram plus 2,4,5-T killed much but not all top growth. Sprouts occurred on 22% of the mowed small (0.5 to 1.25 inch basal diameter) trees. Trees less than 3 feet tall were more easily killed by burning than larger trees. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and little bluestem (Andropogon scoparius Michx.) seed germination was not affected by water-extracts of eastern red cedar, but switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) germination was. The reverse was true of coleoptile growth.This material was digitized as part of a cooperative project between the Society for Range Management and the University of Arizona Libraries.The Journal of Range Management archives are made available by the Society for Range Management and the University of Arizona Libraries. Contact [email protected] for further information.Migrated from OJS platform August 202