An Explorative Study of the Methods used in Dendrochronology and its Applications

The science of dendrochronology involves the dating of tree rings and analysis of their annual growth rates. It is important to conduct field studies to determine what tree species in a given area are suitable for analysis. This project began by coring Acer plantanoides, Acer saccharinum, Acer saccharum, and Picea abies from the Fanshawe Conservation Area in London, Ontario. Each core was prepped using standard procedures and analyzed for the visibility of annual rings. The tree rings of Acer plantanoides and Acer saccharinum were inadequate for accurate dating, and thus, only Acer saccharum and Picea abies were used and included in this poster. Ring widths of Acer saccharum and Picea abies were measured using WinDENDRO™ and COFECHA was used to evaluate the correlations of annual ring widths across the cores of each species. The intercorrelations of Acer saccharum were 0.404 and 0.571 for Picea abies. A standardized chronology was created by ARSTAN to analyze and compare annual growth rates across both species. Acer Saccharum and Picea abies both differed in their annual growth rates and degree of variability. Acer Saccharum had lower annual variation and overall lower annual growth rates than Picea abies. This project can be further expanded upon to include climate correlations in an attempt to explain the difference in growth rates and variability

Development of a robust GABA B calcium signaling cell line using Β-lactamase technology and sorting

The GABA B receptor is a member of the “family 3” G protein coupled receptors. The GABA B receptors modulate activity inwardly rectifying potassium channels and high voltage activated calcium channels. The GABA B receptors require heterodimerization between two subunits, GABA B1 and GABA B2 , for functional expression. A robust functional calcium cell line was developed that contained both the human truncated GABA B(1b) and human truncated GABA B(2) receptors. The cell line was analyzed and sorted using Β-lactamase as a reporter. Single cell clones were sorted and isolated using flow cytometry based on high Β-lactamase expression. The single cell clones were further tested in a 384-well calcium mobilization assay using the Fluo-4 AM calcium indicator on the fluorescent imaging plate reader system (FLIPR). Twenty-seven clones were grown up from single cell collections and 10 clones demonstrated a high response to GABA stimulation. The 10 clones were re-evaluated based on agonist dose response and EC 50 . Clone-16 was identified and utilized in high throughput screening (HTS) assay development. Using sorting and Β-lactamase as a reporter, we were able to develop a robust, functional cell-based, GABA B , calcium mobilization assay. The cell line described here can be used for high throughput FLIPR screening and also to compare and rank the potency and selectivity of agonists, antagonists and potentiators of the GABA B receptor. © 2008 International Society for Advancement of CytometryPeer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/60462/1/20591_ftp.pd

A Scientific Way of War: Antebellum Military Science, West Point, and the Origins of American Military Thought

By Scientific Means: A Fresh Perspective on the Origins of American Military Thought The historiography of the American Civil War tends to hold the conflict apart from the wider military history of the nineteenth-century world, perhaps because of the mass citizen armies that fought the war...

The Army Of The Potomac In The Overland And Petersburg Campaigns: Union Soldiers And Trench Warfare, 1864-1865

After their Breaking Point: Petersburg and the Refuge of Trenchwarfare Beginning in the late nineteenth century, and continuing into the Centennial period, the eastern campaigns in the Civil War\u27s last year suffered from a dearth of serious scholarship. For a long time, authors and historians consi...

The Civil War Soldier: A Historical Reader

Soldier\u27s story Comprehensive anthology features seminal scholarship The Civil War enthusiast interested in delving into the existing scholarship on the war\u27s common soldiers can be forgiven for feeling overwhelmed. Since Bell Irvin Wiley published Life of Johnny Reb in 19...

Lee & Grant:Profiles in Leadership From the Battlefields of Virginia

The Civil War and the Corporate World Learning Business Management from Lee and Grant Adding to the growing pile of business management gimmicks, this debut book by an active duty U.S. Army officer is a rather ordinary knock-off of the current trend in creating business and ...

Plasticity of GABA(B) receptor-mediated heterosynaptic interactions at mossy fibers after status epilepticus

Several neurotransmitters, including GABA acting at presynaptic GABAB receptors, modulate glutamate release at synapses between hippocampal mossy fibers and CA3 pyramidal neurons. This phenomenon gates excitation of the hippocampus and may therefore prevent limbic seizure propagation. Here we report that status epilepticus, triggered by either perforant path stimulation or pilocarpine administration, was followed 24 hr later by a loss of GABAB receptor-mediated heterosynaptic depression among populations of mossy fibers. This was accompanied by a decrease in the sensitivity of mossy fiber transmission to the exogenous GABAB receptor agonist baclofen. Autoradiography revealed a reduction in GABAB receptor binding in the stratum lucidum after status epilepticus. Failure of GABAB receptor-mediated modulation of mossy fiber transmission at mossy fibers may contribute to the development of spontaneous seizures after status epilepticus

Linear and non-linear therapeutic methods and identity integration

M.A. (Counselling Psychology)Please refer to full text to view abstrac

The Commanders: Civil War Generals Who Shaped the American West

Students of American military history tend to focus on the nation’s large-scale, conventional conflicts between peer forces on set-piece battlefields. This focus ignores the salient fact that in the nation’s two hundred forty-plus years, her land forces have spent most of their time and resources in low-intensity conflict: counterinsurgency, counterterrorism, or peacekeeping. That cognitive dissonance makes Robert M. Utley’s new book an interesting and useful contribution. Utley, a former Chief Historian of the National Park Service and author of more than twenty books, is one of the nation’s foremost authorities on the American West. In The Commanders, Utley shifts his lens to a collective biography of seven officers who served as major generals for the Union cause in the Civil War, and who went on to serve as commanding generals in the American West after the war. Thus, their careers bridged both the nation’s defining conflict and the “small wars” against Native American tribes west of the Mississippi River. After an opening chapter that serves as a concise overview of the post-Civil War United States Army, seven chapters take up each general’s antebellum background, Civil War service, and role in the wars of the American West. A concluding chapter draws some general conclusions and assesses the commanders as a peer group