ASPECTS OF AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPE AS A CULTURAL ASSET IN METROPOLITAN AREAS: CASE STUDY FOR BUCHAREST CITY / AGROKULTŪRINIO KRAŠTOVAIZDŽIO KAIP DIDMIESČIO KULTŪRINIO TURTO ASPEKTAI: BUKAREŠTO MIESTO STUDIJA

Typical for the last decades economical and social processes at metropolitan level induce new models of spatial organization characterized by extensive urban development. These extensive processes configure various components of the cultural landscape in different ways. Such development modifies the rural, agricultural and industrial landscapes and generates new landscape typologies modeled by interaction between urban and rural space. Diverse approaches of urban development have modified the territorial structure and also the way in which the territory visually and dynamically responds to external factors by transforming the main cultural features. In such a context, preservation of common agricultural landscape as a part of cultural landscape is becoming an important issue for the local development policies. Santrauka Pastaraisiais dešimtmečiais didmiesčiuose vykstantys ekonominiai ir socialiniai procesai skatina naujus erdvių planavimo modelius, būdingus ekstensyviai urbanistinei plėtrai. Su plėtra susiję procesai skirtingais būdais konfigūruoja įvairius kultūrinio kraštovaizdžio komponentus. Ši plėtra keičia kaimo, agrokultūrinį ar produktyvųjį kraštovaizdį ir sukuria naujus kraštovaizdžio tipus, modeliuojamus esant kaimo ir miesto erdvių sąveikai. Įvairūs požiūriai į urbanistinę plėtrą pakeitė teritorinę struktūrą, vizualią ir dinamišką teritorijos reakciją į išorės veiksnius pagal pasikeitusius esminius kultūros požymius. Šiame kontekste įprasto agrokultūrinio kraštovaizdžio kaip dalies kultūrinio kraštovaizdžio išsaugojimas tampa opiu vietinės plėtros politikos klausimu. Raktiniai žodžiai: urbanistinė plėtra; agrokultūrinis krašto­vaizdis; kraštovaizdžio pokyčiai; teritorijų dinamiškuma

The Geography of Retailing in France: More than 40 Years of Researches

International audience"The aim of the chapter is to show the development of the geography of retailing in France since 1975 until today, that is, since the creation of the geography’s Commission of retailing by Jacqueline Beaujeu-Garnier within the French National Committee of Geography. Almost a non-entity in Vidalian-inspired geography, of the emergence of retail and trade as a subject study in academia, must first be presented in connection with the socio-economic transformations of French society. Indeed, France was becoming an urban society, and commerce was its main factor: the eyes could not miss it. Second, we will follow the transformation of the geography of retailing considering the cultural turn, which has encouraged an opening to new subjects, new issues, and allowing new researches in many subfields of geography. The study of retail in geography benefited from the cultural turn, in contributing to overcome a recurring opposition between culture and retail in geographical approaches. This situation has a singular ring in France, where sociologists like Bourdieu and Baudrillard have written a sociology of consumption that denounces the commercialization of culture through consumption. Finally, since the beginning of the twenty-first century, we will try to show that the geography of retailing in France has managed to treat new subjects linking commerce, culture, and society, and is today expanding into the geography of retailing and consumption.

Beyond tourism-based economic development: city-regions and transient custom

[Departement_IRSTEA]TerritoiresInternational audienceMany localities are able to survive without competitive export industries. The economic base of regional development rests upon various wage and non-wage external incomes. However, suitable regional data are often unavailable, and particularly those related to external consumer spending in urban regions and short-stay tourism. Three geo-localized databases are here combined into a circular-flow template from former consumer spending to the final wage income. By doing so, the paper contributes to identifying transient custom' as a new inflow driving local development and it provides a first estimate of its magnitude, using the Paris Region as a case study