The use of fuzzy numbers in reliability calculations

In reliability analysis, complexity of data handling arises due to the complexity of systems with large number of electronic components. Due to the sophistication of the devices with Integrated Circuits, there Is a scarcity of failure data to analyze the system and to compare with alternative designs. In this context, for example, we often need to consider failure of components which have never failed before, Fuzzy Arithmetic has the capacity of dealing with such situations. The theory of fuzzy sets has been widely used for providing a mathematical framework to concepts which are imprecise and uncertain. This paper presents a method based on fuzzy arithmetic to calculate reliability of a component or a system considering uncertainty associated with the variables. Distribution parameter uncertainty has been quantified using Fuzzy Number (FN) and reliability Is calculated at the component level. Possibility distribution Is developed for component reliability with fuzzy parameters of well known exponential and Weibull distribution

Not Available

Not AvailableNot AvailableNot Availabl

Not Available

Not AvailableNot AvailableNot Availabl

Not Available

Not AvailableNot AvailableNot Availabl

Not Available

Not AvailableNot AvailableNot Availabl

Not Available

Not AvailableNot AvailableNot Availabl

Not Available

Not AvailableBACKGROUND: Antioxidant in freezing extender of boar semen improved post thaw sperm function. OBJECTIVE: The study compared the effects of reduced glutathione (GSH), water soluble vitamin E analogue Trolox and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) on quality of cryopreserved boar spermatozoa. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using split sample technique three different antioxidants namely, GSH (1 mM), vitamin E (0.2 mM) and BHT (0.2 mM) were added to the freezing medium of lactose-egg yolk-glycerol extender, and samples were frozen using controlled freezing rate of 40C/min from -6 to -140C. Samples were evaluated for sperm motility, acrosomal status, plasma membrane integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential, lipid peroxidation and sperm DNA integrity after equilibration and after freezing. RESULTS: The supplementation of GSH, vitamin E and BHT resulted in significantly higher post thaw motility, live intact acrosome and plasma membrane intact sperm. The incidence of post thaw sperm lipid peroxidation was significantly reduced after addition of antioxidants. However, antioxidants treatment neither significantly improved mitochondrial membrane potential of live sperm sub-population nor sperm DNA integrity after freezing. There was no significant difference of the post thaw sperm characteristics among three antioxidants. Protective effect of GSH, vitamin E and BHT are comparable on cryopreserved boar spermatozoa.Not Availabl

Not Available

Not AvailableEastern Himalayan states in general and Nagaland in particular are known for their diversified cultural heritage and jhum cultivation as mainstay of livelihood. Inhabitants in this region are otherwise non-vegetarian and rice is the staple food. Traditional jhum cultivation is not subsistent to fulfil the requirement of the increasing population in the hilly states. Reduced jhum cycle (3–5 years), widespread water scarcity during the post-monsoon seasons, subsistence agriculture practice, lack of awareness about improved agriculture technologies, poor credit and marketing facilities, lack of infrastructures, pitiable socioeconomic status of the people, etc. are the major issues confronted by the tribal people in the eastern Himalayan region. In this perspective, holistic approaches with modern agro-based interventions for augmenting production, productivity, income and employment generation in a sustainable manner are the need of the hour. This document depicts the agricultural scenario in several cluster villages in different districts particularly Mon, Wokha, Longleng, Peren, Kohima and Dimapur in Nagaland. The introduction and popularization of scientific intervention in agriculture and allied sector have changed the mindset of many tribal poors in adopted villages and became instrumental in the transformation of traditional jhum cultivation into a profitable agricultural enterprise. Moreover, the farmers have accepted the modern agro-techniques and high-yielding varieties (HYVs) of crops and livestock, cultivation practices, soil and water conservation measures and integration of livestock components in traditional agriculture. Increasing cropping intensity, productivity, gross returns from unit area and several-fold increase in employment generation were among the few several achievements following the implementation of agro-based intervention.Not Availabl

sperm cryopreservation glycerol mithun

Not AvailableThe effect of concentration and addition method of glycerol on the quality of cryopreserved mithun (Bos frontalis) spermatozoa was investigated. Semen samples were collected from five healthy mithun bulls through rectal massage method and cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen. The samples were diluted in Tris–egg yolk–glycerol extender, equilibrated for 4 h at 4 °C and loaded into 0.50‐ml straws. The straws were then frozen in liquid nitrogen vapour for 10 min and finally plunged into liquid nitrogen for storage. The required amount of glycerol was added into the diluted samples either in a single dose (3%, 4%, 5%, 6% or 7%; added at 37 °C immediately before equilibration) or in split doses (5%, 6% or 7%; the total amount was divided into four equal parts, and a part was added at 37 °C immediately before equilibration, and the remaining parts were added subsequently at 1, 2 and 3 h of equilibration at 4 °C). In the single‐dose addition method, following freeze‐thawing, greater (p < 0.05) motility (%) and proportion of live spermatozoa with intact acrosome (LSIA, %) in 5% glycerol (40.6 ± 1.7 and 43.4 ± 1.8 respectively) and lesser (p < 0.05) total morphological abnormalities (%) in 5% (14.1 ± 0.8) and 6% (13.7 ± 1.0) glycerol were observed compared to the other glycerol concentrations. In the split‐dose addition method, following freeze‐thawing, greater (p < 0.05) motility (%) and LSIA proportion (%) were found in 5% (50.2 ± 1.9 and 53.3 ± 1.8 respectively) compared to 6% or 7% glycerol, but the total morphological abnormalities were not different among the glycerol concentrations. In addition, in all the glycerol concentrations, better (p < 0.05) post‐freeze‐thaw motility and LSIA proportions were observed when glycerol was added in split doses compared to a single dose. In conclusion, Tris–egg yolk extender with 5% glycerol added in split doses was found most suitable for cryopreserving mithun sperm.Not Availabl