Radiological diagnosis of Cysticercosis of Breast - An unusual presentation

Breast cysticercosis manifestation is usually uncommon and only a few cases have been reported in the literature. Thismanifests in the form of signs and symptoms which normally do not point towards the diagnosis. The radiological modalitiesalways narrow down the gap between the complaints and the diagnosis. We present a case with cysticercus cysts in breastparenchyma as well as in both pectoral muscles which was suspected on ultrasonography (USG) and diagnosed on MagneticResonance Imaging (MRI). The patient responded to the medical treatment conservatively thus avoiding excisional biopsy.Follow up and repeat MRI has confirmed the cure of the complaints as well as the disease

Hyperphosphaturic Mesenchymal Tumor induced Osteomalacia– A Case Report

Hyperphosphaturic Mesenchymal Tumor (HMT) is a very rare benign tumor of the soft tissue or bone which produces tumorinduced osteomalacia, also called as oncogenic osteomalacia. This activity can only be stopped by the surgical removal of thetumor. We present a 23 years old man who presented with long standing bony pains without any relief by a variety ofmedications. The clue to the diagnosis was taken from pelvis skiagram, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the body, PETscan and the blood chemistry

HIV-infected presumptive tuberculosis patients without tuberculosis: How many are eligible for antiretroviral therapy in Karnataka, India?

For certain subgroups within people living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) [active tuberculosis (TB), pregnant women, children <5years old, and serodiscordant couples], the World Health Organization recommends antiretroviral therapy (ART) irrespective of CD4 count. Another subgroup which has received increased attention is "HIV-infected presumptive TB patients without TB". In this study, we assess the proportion of HIV-infected presumptive TB patients eligible for ART in Karnataka State (population 60million), India. This was a cross-sectional analysis of data of HIV-infected presumptive TB patients diagnosed in May 2015 abstracted from national TB and HIV program records. Of 42,585 presumptive TB patients, 28,964 (68%) were tested for HIV and 2262 (8%) were HIV positive. Of the latter, 377 (17%) had active TB. Of 1885 "presumptive TB patients without active TB", 1100 (58%) were already receiving ART. Of the remaining 785 who were not receiving ART, 617 (79%) were assessed for ART eligibility and of those, 548 (89%) were eligible for ART. About 90% of "HIV-infected presumptive TB patients without TB" were eligible for ART. This evidence supports a public health approach of starting all "HIV-infected presumptive TB patients without TB" on ART irrespective of CD4 count in line with global thinking about 'test and treat'

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KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE REGARDING FOOT CARE AMONG TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN COASTAL SOUTH INDIA

Objective: The present study was designed to assess the knowledge and practice among diabetic patients in a tertiary care hospital regarding diabeticfoot care.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in government district hospital of Mangalore in the month of January 2014. A pre-designed semistructuredquestionnairewasused tocollectthe informationpertainingtotheknowledgeand practicesofthediabetic patients regardingfootcare.Thecollecteddata wereanalyzedusing Statistical PackagesforSocial Sciences version11.5.The resultsobtained wereexpressedin proportions.Results: A total of 133 subjects were assessed regarding their knowledge and practice regarding diabetic foot care. Around three-fourth (75.2%) ofparticipants had adequate knowledge. More than half (55.5%) of the subjects had adequate practice. No significant association was found betweenstudy variables such as gender, socioeconomic status, and education status with awareness regarding diabetic foot care in the present study (p&gt;0.05).Gender, socioeconomic, and educational statuses were found to be significantly associated with diabetic foot care practices.Conclusion: The gap between knowledge and practice regarding self-care among diabetic patients can be bridged by providing continuous healtheducation by the health workers. Foot care should be promoted at all available opportunities whenever the patient comes in contact with the health system.Keywords: Mangalore, Foot care, Diabetes

PFCBAS: pairing free and provable certificate-based aggregate signature scheme for the e-healthcare monitoring system

Recently, one of the most popular technologies of the modern era, the Internet of Things, allows the deployment and usage of various real-time test beds in various smart applications. One such application is the e-healthcare, in which patients' healthcare related data are transmitted to the nearest base station and then to a local or remote server as per the requirements. The data related to patients' health are sensitive and need special protection, therefore, the integrity and authentication of the sources of data generation are paramount concerns. However, several authentication or signature schemes that have been introduced in the past for this purpose are ID-based or having certificate-less settings. In these settings, a central authority, known as a trusted authority (TA), creates and distributes the secret key of every user. Thus, knowing the secrete key by the TA is called key escrow problem. But, these proposed schemes suffer from key distribution problems, which limit their applications in various applications. To mitigate these issues, this paper presents a certificate-based pairing free aggregate signature scheme (CBPFAS). The proposed scheme uses the merits of public key cryptography (PKC) and identity-based PKC (IDBPKC). The scheme is proven to be unforgeable, assuming the hardness of elliptic curve discrete log problem (ECDLP). The performance analysis shows that the proposed CBPFAS scheme executes in 0.78(n+1) ms in comparison to 9.63+1.17n ms in [1], 9.63+0.78n ms in [2], 9.63+3.39n ms in [3], and 9.63+1.17n ms in [4]. From these results, it is concluded that the proposed pairing free certificate-based aggregate signature scheme performs better than its counterparts

Effectiveness of multi-component modular intervention among adults with prehypertension in a village of Dakshina Kannada district - a community-based interventional study – protocol [version 2; peer review: 2 approved]

Introduction: The Joint National Committee (JNC 7) report on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of Hypertension, defined "prehypertension," as individuals with a Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) in the range of 120–139 mmHg and a (diastolic blood pressure) DBP of 80–89 mmHg. Prehypertension is directly linked with hypertension which is a precursor of CVDs. Owing to its high conversion rate to hypertension, it is important to identify individuals with blood pressures in this category and bring about lifestyle modifications in them that can prevent them from being hypertensive and from developing cardiovascular diseases later in life. Methods: This randomized controlled trial will be done among the selected pre-hypertensive adults of all genders residing in Kateel Gram panchayat, Dakshina Kannada district, Karnataka. A baseline survey will be done initially to assess the level of prehypertension among the study population. To study the effectiveness of the intervention, 142 individuals will be randomly allocated using block randomization technique to intervention and control groups. A multi-component module (educational intervention) will be developed, validated, and administered to participants in the intervention group, while the control group receives standard care. Each participant will then be followed up once in four months till the end of the study period of one year to assess for changes in SBP, DBP, WHR, BMI, stress levels, and usage of tobacco and alcohol. Ethics and dissemination: Institutional Ethics Committee approval was obtained from Kasturba Medical College in Mangalore, India.   The plans for dissemination of findings include presenting at scientific conferences and publishing in scholarly journals

Bio-nanotechnology application in wastewater treatment

The nanoparticles have received high interest in the field of medicine and water purification, however, the nanomaterials produced by chemical and physical methods are considered hazardous, expensive, and leave behind harmful substances to the environment. This chapter aimed to focus on green-synthesized nanoparticles and their medical applications. Moreover, the chapter highlighted the applicability of the metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) in the inactivation of microbial cells due to their high surface and small particle size. Modifying nanomaterials produced by green-methods is safe, inexpensive, and easy. Therefore, the control and modification of nanoparticles and their properties were also discussed