403 research outputs found
Two-Dimensional QCD in the Wu-Mandelstam-Leibbrandt Prescription
We find the exact non-perturbative expression for a simple Wilson loop of
arbitrary shape for U(N) and SU(N) Euclidean or Minkowskian two-dimensional
Yang-Mills theory regulated by the Wu-Mandelstam-Leibbrandt gauge prescription.
The result differs from the standard pure exponential area-law of YM_2, but
still exhibits confinement as well as invariance under area-preserving
diffeomorphisms and generalized axial gauge transformations. We show that the
large N limit is NOT a good approximation to the model at finite N and conclude
that Wu's N=infinity Bethe-Salpeter equation for QCD_2 should have no bound
state solutions. The main significance of our results derives from the
importance of the Wu-Mandelstam-Leibbrandt prescription in higher-dimensional
perturbative gauge theory.Comment: 7 pages, LaTeX, REVTE
Renormalization of gauge invariant composite operators in light-cone gauge
We generalize to composite operators concepts and techniques which have been
successful in proving renormalization of the effective Action in light-cone
gauge. Gauge invariant operators can be grouped into classes, closed under
renormalization, which is matrix-wise. In spite of the presence of non-local
counterterms, an ``effective" dimensional hierarchy still guarantees that any
class is endowed with a finite number of elements. The main result we find is
that gauge invariant operators under renormalization mix only among themselves,
thanks to the very simple structure of Lee-Ward identities in this gauge,
contrary to their behaviour in covariant gauges.Comment: 35100 Padova, Italy DFPD 93/TH/53, July 1993
documentstyle[preprint,aps]{revtex
Next-to-leading order Calculation of a Fragmentation Function in a Light-Cone Gauge
The short-distance coefficients for the color-octet ^3S_1 term in the
fragmentation function for a gluon to split into polarized heavy quarkonium
states are re-calculated to order alpha_s^2. The light-cone gauge remarkably
simplifies the calculation by eliminating many Feynman diagrams at the expense
of introducing spurious poles in loop integrals. We do not use any conventional
prescriptions for spurious pole. Instead, we only use gauge invariance with the
aid of Collins-Soper definition of the fragmentation function. Our result
agrees with a previous calculation of Braaten and Lee in the Feynman gauge, but
disagrees with another previous calculation.Comment: 16 pages, 4 figures, version published in Physical Review
Unification of the Soluble Two-dimensional vector coupling models
The general theory of a massless fermion coupled to a massive vector meson in
two dimensions is formulated and solved to obtain the complete set of Green's
functions. Both vector and axial vector couplings are included. In addition to
the boson mass and the two coupling constants, a coefficient which denotes a
particular current definition is required for a unique specification of the
model.
The resulting four parameter theory and its solution are shown to reduce in
appropriate limits to all the known soluble models, including in particular the
Schwinger model and its axial vector variant.Comment: 10 page
Soluble field theory with a massless gauge invariant limit
It is shown that there exists a soluble four parameter model in (1+1)
dimensions all of whose propagators can be determined in terms of the
corresponding known propagators of the vector coupling theory. Unlike the
latter case, however, the limit of zero bare mass is nonsingular and yields a
nontrivial theory with a rigorously unbroken gauge invariance.Comment: 7 pages, revtex, no figure
Levels of antibodies against babesia bigemina and babesia bovis in cows and calves by elisa using recombinant antigens.
Bovine babesiosis is a tick-borne disease that cause fever, anaemia, haemoglobinuria, and ataxia, consequently resulting in losses for the livestock industry. Babesia bigemina and Babesia bovis are considered endemic in the region of this study
New Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) method for the rapid identification of anaplasma marginale.
Bovine anaplasmosis is an important tick-borne disease, which leads to significant economic losses in tropical and subtropical world areas. In this study, sets of the primers targeting the major surface protein 1 (msp1b) gene of Anaplasma marginale were designed and optimized for LAMP method
Standard ion transfer potential at the water|butyronitrile interface
Butyronitrile is an organic solvent stable enough to be used in photochemical reactions at liquid/liquid interfaces. However, it provides a rather short polarisation window making the analysis of ion transfer across the water|butyronitrile interface challenging. Here, steady-state cyclic voltammetry, at microhole-supported micro-interfaces, was used to measure Gibbs energies of transfer. A linear relationship between the standard Gibbs energies of ion partition for the water|butyronitrile interface and the water|1,2-dichloroethane and water|nitrobencene interfaces was found, making easy to extrapolate the Gibbs energy of other ions from this empiric correlation.Fil: Riva, Julieta Soledad. Swiss Federal Institute Of Technology Epfl; Suiza. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de CĂłrdoba. Facultad de Matemática, AstronomĂa y FĂsica; ArgentinaFil: Bassetto, V. C.. Swiss Federal Institute Of Technology Epfl; SuizaFil: Girault, Hubert. Swiss Federal Institute Of Technology Epfl; SuizaFil: Olaya, A. J.. Swiss Federal Institute Of Technology Epfl, Lausanne
Use of molecular markers can help to understand the genetic diversity of Babesia bovis.
Cattle babesiosis is a tick-borne disease responsible for significant losses for the livestock industries in tropical areas of the world. These piroplasms are under constant control of the host immune system, which lead to a strong selective pressure for arising more virulent or attenuated phenotypes. Aiming to better understand the most critical genetic modifications in Babesia bovis genome, related to virulence, an in silico analysis was performed using DNA sequences from GenBank. Fourteen genes (sbp-2, sbp-4, trap, msa-1, msa-2b, msa-2c, Bv80 (or Bb-1), 18S rRNA, acs-1, ama-1, ?-tub, cp-2, p0, rap-1a) related to parasite infection and immunogenicity and ITS region were selected for alignment and comparison of several isolates of Babesia bovis from different geographic regions around the world. Among the 15 genes selected for the study of diversity, only 7 genes (sbp-2, sbp-4, trap, msa-1, msa-2b, msa-2c, Bv80) and the ITS region presented sufficient genetic variation for the studies of phylogeny. Despite this genetic diversity observed into groups, there was not sufficient information available to associate molecular markers with virulence of isolates. However, some genetic groups no were correlated with geographic region what could indicate some typical evolutionary characteristics in the relation between parasite-host. Further studies using these genes in herds presenting diverse clinical conditions are required. The better understanding of evolutionary mechanisms of the parasite may contribute to improve prophylactic and therapeutic measures. In this way, we suggest that genes used in our study are potential markers of virulence and attenuation and have to be analyzed with the use of sequences from animals that present clinical signs of babesiosis and asymptomatic carriers
QCD explanation of oscillating hadron and jet multiplicity moments
Ratios of multiplicity moments, H_q (cumulant over factorial moments
K_q/F_q), have been observed to show an oscillatory behaviour with respect to
order, q. Recent studies of e^+e^- annihilations at LEP have shown, moreover,
that the amplitude and oscillation length vary strongly with the jet resolution
parameter y_{cut}. We study the predictions of the perturbative QCD parton
cascade assuming low non-perturbative cut-off (Q_0\sim \Lambda_{QCD}\sim few
100 MeV) and derive the expectations as a function of the cms energy and jet
resolution from threshold to very high energies. We consider numerical
solutions of the evolution equations of gluodynamics in Double Logarithmic and
Modified Leading Logarithmic Approximations (DLA,MLLA), as well as results from
a parton MC with readjusted parameters. The main characteristics are obtained
in MLLA, while a more numerically accurate description is obtained by the MC
model. A unified description of correlations between hadrons and correlations
between jets emerges, in particular for the transition region of small y_{cut}.Comment: 31 pages, 14 figure
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