Judicialization of politics and interest groups in Brazil: interest, strategies and results

After 24 years of constitutional rule in Brazil, what can be learned about the interaction between pressure groups and the Brazilian Federal Supreme Court (fsc)? Which are the political actors who achieve the best results? What issues are judged more by the fsc? Does the fsc favor a specific topic or decisions are made regarding the plaintiff over the subject matter? If it were the case, who and what are the privileged ones by its decisions? This article analyzes the interaction between civil society and the Judiciary, based on observation of the use of Direct Unconstitutional Action (duas). The paper also assesses the industrial lawsuits, filed in stf jurisdiction by the National Industry Union (cni) and argues that: (1) the powerful groups received most success when proposing duas; (2) while there was a low probability of success, the groups gained benefits from bringing the conflict of interest to Supreme Court; and (3) the judicialization of pressure groups’ interests is a complementary and coordinated strategy with groups advocacy in the legislative arena./n Después de 24 años de un orden constitucional en Brasil, ¿qué se puede aprender sobre la interacción entre los grupos de presión y el Supremo Tribunal Federal (stf)?, ¿cuáles son los actores políticos que logran los mejores resultados?, ¿qué temas se juzgan más por el stf?, ¿el Supremo Tribunal privilegia específicamente algún tema o las decisiones son tomadas teniendo en cuenta más al demandante que al tema tratado? Si es así, ¿quiénes son los privilegiados por sus decisiones? Este artículo analiza la interacción entre la sociedad civil y el Poder Judicial, con base en la observación del uso de las Acciones Directas de Inconstitucionalidad (adi). El artículo estudia, también, las demandas judiciales de los industriales sometidas al stf a través de la Confederación Nacional de la Industria (cni), y busca evidenciar que: (1) los grupos más poderosos tienen mayor éxito a la hora de proponer las adi; (2) aunque tenga baja probabilidad de éxito, merece la pena judicializar el conflicto de sus intereses, y (3) la judicialización de los grupos de presión es una estrategia complementaria y articulada con el conflicto de intereses en la arena legislativa./n

A moda no MASP de Pietro Maria Bardi (1947-1987)

O objetivo deste artigo é evidenciar a centralidade das ações ligadas à moda e à formação da Seção de Costumes do MASP no projeto de museu e na concepção de arte de Pietro Maria Bardi no período 1947-1987, e como tais ações teriam sido relevantes para a instituição de uma visualidade e uma história para a moda nacional. Demonstra-se como a trajetória de P. M. Bardi na Itália, ou seja, sua atuação como galerista e comerciante de artes, jornalista, bem como seu contato com a ideologia e as ações do Regime Fascista no campo das artes e da moda, influenciou diretamente suas ações em relação ao design de moda. Essas ideias e experiências foram fundamentais para direcionar sua atuação no MASP e, em especial suas iniciativas na área do design. Nota-se ainda como a atuação de Bardi no campo do design de moda foi também influenciada pelas ideias propagadas pela Bauhaus e Le Corbusier, assim como por seu olhar estrangeiro, que acaba por levá-lo a recuperar, nas referentes iniciativas, as tradições e a cultura brasileiras, gerando uma produção que dialoga com o modernismo brasileiro, uma vez que usa a experiência internacional para valorizar o nacional

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Rule of law e qualidade legislativa: evidências do supremo tribunal federal

Inclui notas explicativas, bibliográficas e bibliografia.Apresenta quadro com cronologia do Federalismo brasileiro de 1822 a 2001; e distribuição da competência legislativa entre os poderes do estado.Leon Victor de Queiroz Barbosa, Ernani Carvalho, José Mário Wanderley Gomes Net