AWARENESS OF MENSTRUAL HYGIENE: ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE OF MENSTRUAL HYGIENE AMONG ADOLESCENT COLLEGE GOING GIRLS OF NAGUNOOR,KARIMNAGAR

Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of menstrual hygiene among the college going adolescent girls. Materials and methods: The study was done among the adolescent girls of age group 18-20 years from Government residential college of Nagunoor, Karimnagar district, Telangana.300 girls from the above mentioned college were selected.Data collection was done using a semistructured questionnaire with a total number of 30 questions from June 25, 2018 to July 15, 2018. Results: Meanage of menarche in the study subjects was 11.7 years.47.7% of participants had some knowledge about menstruation before menarche, and the most common source of information was either mother(58 cases i.e. 40.5%) or teacher(34 cases i.e. 23.7%) .83% cases thought that menstruation is a physiological process and 7.3% cases thought it to be pathological.40% cases used sanitary pads during menstruation. Amongst the girls using clothes, 52%girls cleaned the clothes with soap and water.75% of the girls were not allowed to attend religious functions. 60% of them were not allowed to do household works. Conclusion:Menstrual hygiene is amatter that has to be dealt with at all levels. Though the basic awareness regarding menstrual process is satisfactory, but still many social taboos are linked with it. Health policy makers should build up a way to tackle with these problems so that adolescent girls can have the access tohealthy menstrual practice

Prevalence, bacteriological profile and antibiogram of surgical site infections at tertiary care teaching hospital, south India: A cross sectional study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the common causes of nosocomial infections. Nosocomial infections are responsible for a prolonged hospital stay and also associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and increased economic burden on the patients and family as well as overburden the hospital staff. Globally overall SSI rate varies from 2.5% – 41.9% resulting in high morbidity and mortality. However, a simple step such as hand washing, knowledge of bacteriological profile of SSIs in a hospital, and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of those isolates would help clinicians in choosing the empirical antibiotic treatment and curtail the SSIs. Objectives: The present study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of SSI, to isolate the causative organisms, and to study their antibiotic susceptibility pattern in a hospital. Materials and methods: The present hospital-based, cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care teaching hospital in northern Telangana, India, from August 2017 to June 2018. All pus specimens from patients of clinically suspected SSIs that were received in the microbiology laboratory were processed as per standard microbiological techniques. The data recorded and maintained in the microbiology laboratory register was reviewed and analyzed for the study. Data was analyzed by calculating the percentages and applying the Chi-square test. The p-value <0.05 was considered as significant. Results : We observed that during the study period, 2249 major surgeries were conducted and out of these, a total of 77 pus specimens from patients clinically suspected of SSIs were received in the microbiology laboratory. 36 (46.7%) specimens were culture positive giving 36 isolates. The SSI prevalence rate was 3.4%. Females (54.5%) were affected more than males (45.5%). The most commonly isolated organism from SSI cases was E. coli (27.8%) followed by Klebsiella species (16.6%) and coagulase negative staphylococcus (CONS) (16.6%). Conclusion: In this study, SSI prevalence rate was 3.4%. The most commonly isolated organism from SSI cases was E.coli (27.8%). The gram-negative bacilli showed better sensitivity to imipenem and polymixin B. Majority of the gram-negative bacilli showed less sensitivity to the other commonly prescribed antibiotics like cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, cotrimoxazole, piperacillin-tazobactam, gentamicin. Knowledge of the common pathogens and their antibiotic susceptibility status can guide clinicians to choose appropriate antibiotics for the empirical treatment of patient

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On the Real-height Profiles of the F2-layer

Since modern digital ionosondes and minicomputers are now generally accessible there is no justification any more for using inversion schemes in which the influence of the magnetic field is ignored or a monotonous profile is assumed so that the regular presence of valleys is neglected. Therefore inversion schemes like POLAN and ARTIST should at least be applied. We propose a new global and analytical representation of the F2-layer profiles which is found to be helpful for specific ionospheric situations

Type I interferon-mediated pathway interacts with peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ): at the cross-road of pancreatic cancer cell proliferation.

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma remains an unresolved therapeutic challenge because of its intrinsically refractoriness to both chemo- and radiotherapy due to the complexity of signaling and the activation of survival pathways in cancer cells. Recent studies have demonstrated that the combination of some drugs, targeting most of aberrant pathways crucial for the survival of pancreatic cancer cells may be a valid antitumor strategy for this cancer. Type I interferons (IFNs) may have a role in the pathogenesis and progression of pancreatic adenocarcinoma, but the limit of their clinical use is due to the activation of tumor resistance mechanisms, including JAK-2/STAT-3 pathway. Moreover, aberrant constitutive activation of STAT-3 proteins has been frequently detected in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. The selective targeting of these cell survival cascades could be a promising strategy in order to enhance the antitumor effects of type I IFNs. The activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ), on the other hand, has a suppressive activity on STAT-3. In fact, PPAR-γ agonists negatively modulate STAT-3 through direct and/or indirect mechanisms in several normal and cancer models. This review provides an overview on the current knowledge about the molecular mechanisms and antitumor activity of these two promising classes of drugs for pancreatic cancer therapy. Finally, the synergistic antiproliferative activity of combined IFN-β and troglitazone treatment on pancreatic cancer cell lines, evaluated in vitro, and the consequent potential clinical applications will be discussed