Making home or making do : a critical look at homemaking without a home

This paper critically examines the concept of alternative forms of ‘homemaking’ among people without a settled home. The introductory section establishes the framework for the paper, providing an overview of homelessness and the homemaking literature. Strengths in the homemaking approach are identified, which reconceptualises homelessness as a human-centered phenomenon that can be understood as ‘resistance’ to societies that block accesses to mainstream housing for people who are (also) socially and economically marginalised. Homemaking moves beyond mainstream academic analyses which explore homelessness in terms of ‘sin’ (addiction and criminality), ‘sickness’ (poor health, especially poor mental health) and ‘systems’ (housing market failure and inadequate social protection and public health systems). The paper argues that, while important in refreshing our thinking about homelessness by offering a new, radical epistemology of housing, homemaking is limited by not contextualising the dwelling practices it seeks to explain, particularly in respect of how it defines ‘homelessness’ and also risks misinterpreting transitory behavioural adaptations as something deeper

Rapid Prototyping of IESTA: A Platform to Evaluate Innovative Air Transport Concepts

HE European Airspace is becoming more and more congested as traffic is forecast to grow steadily over the next 20 years and beyond. To meet the challenge of sustainable growth of Air Transport Management in Europe, an Advisory Council for Aeronautics Research in Europe (ACARE) was launched in June 2001. ACARE's main focus is to establish and carry forward a Strategic Research Agenda (SRA 1/2) that will influence all European stakeholders in the planning of research programs, particularly national and EU programs, in line with the Vision 2020 and the goals it identifies. Among these programs, SESAR (Single European Sky ATM Research) and its various phases (from Definition to Development and ultimately Deployment) has the ambition to face the lack of commitment from a part of the Stakeholders or from deciders in previous initiatives. The Definition Phase, jointly funded by EUROCONTROL and the European Commission, will deliver a European ATM Master Plan based on future aviation requirements, and will identify the actions needed to achieve the objectives of SESAR. At the European level, other programs are strongly linked with SESAR, including the Joint Technology Initiatives (JTI) a new instrument provided by the European Seventh Framework Programme, to support research of long duration. One of those initiatives, called CLEAN SKY, will create various technology demonstrators, including flight test vehicles that will be essential for successful market introduction. Research into the future of the air transportation system critically depends upon the ability to evaluate the effects of the revolutionary candidate concepts across the entire air transportation system. The testing of these concepts through modeling and simulation can provide useful information on improvements on system capacity/safety and related environmental impact. In this evolutionary European context, the French Aerospace Laboratory (ONERA) is carrying out an ambitious program (IESTA) to design a modeling and simulation infrastructure able of evaluating innovative air transport concepts. This platform has to be considered as a mean to help harmonization of panEuropean assessment tools for innovative research on future Air Transport Systems (ATS). This paper firstly introduces organizational issues of the IESTA Program focusing on expected benefits of the underlying approach from the customer's point of view. We then discuss system architectural issues of the platform as well as technological features. Finally, we give a detailed presentation of a rapid prototype of the first versio

Towards a new NATO certification capability for HLA interoperability

The integration of distributed simulations and tools into interoperable federations is a complex and time consuming task requiring extensive testing of individual components, interfaces and the integrated solution. To support this task, NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) relies on standards and agreements on their use. The Allied Modelling and Simulation Publication "NATO M&S Standards Profile" (AMSP-01) provides a list of recommended M&S related standards and best practices. Efficient interoperability using the HLA (High Level Architecture) standards requires compliance with a shared reference data exchange model (Federation Object Model), a federation agreement and the ability to certify conformance. The modular RPR FOM (Real-time Platform Reference FOM) and the more recent NETN FOM (NATO Education Training Network FOM) provide building blocks for creating federation agreements and FOMs. Prior to the arrival of the HLA IEEE 1516-2010 standard, the United States provided to NATO and nations a tool for federate HLA certification at the API (Application Programming Interface) level and SOM (Simulation Object Model) conformance checking. This paper presents the current work of NMSG-134 (NATO Modelling Simulation Group) responsible for defining the new NATO distributed simulation certification process and tools. This includes the CONOPS (Concept of Operations), the design and development of the IVCT (Integration Verification & Certification Tool) and test cases for distributed simulation interoperability. The concept of capability badges will be introduced to capture the interoperability requirements, test cases sequencing and conformance statements

Sub-10 nm Block Copolymer Lithography: Sequential Infiltration Synthesis into Poly(Styrene)-block-Maltoheptaose

International audienc

Residual Ferromagnetic Regions Affecting the First-Order Phase Transition in Off-Stoichiometric Fe–Rh

International audienceAmong the magnetocaloric materials featuring first-order phase transitions (FOPT), FeRh is considered as a reference system to study the FOPT because it is a "simple" binary system with CsCl structure exhibiting a large adiabatic temperature change. Recently, ab-initio theory predicted that changes in the Fe/Rh stoichiometry in the vicinity of equiatomic composition strongly influence the FOPT characteristics. However, this theoretical prediction was not clearly verified experimentally. Here, we investigated the composition dependence of the transitional hysteresis in FeRh. It is shown that a Fe excess of only 1 at.% induces a ferromagnetic state in the whole temperature range (from 5 K up to Tc) for a minor portion of the sample (≈ 10%). Element-specific X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) measurements suggest that this ferromagnetic contribution arises from FeRh ferromagnetic clusters. We attribute the formation of such clusters to Fe antisite defects, as Mössbauer spectroscopy shows Fe atoms located at the 1b (Rh) sites in the CsCl-type structure. As a consequence, compared with the equiatomic composition, the slightly Fe-rich sample exhibits completely different FOPT properties. Thus, our study sheds light on the origin of the remarkable stoichiometric sensitivity of the FOPT behaviour in FeRh. These insights have broader implications for understanding FOPT dynamics and the role of ferromagnetic cells/clusters