5,555 research outputs found
Industry diversity, competition and firm relatedness: The impact on employment before and after the 2008 global financial crisis
Industry diversity, competition and firm relatedness: the impact on employment before and after the 2008 global financial crisis. Regional Studies. This study investigates the extent to which indicators of external-scale economies impacted employment growth in Canada over the period 2004–11. It focuses on knowledge spillovers between firms while accounting for Marshallian specialization, Jacobs’ diversity and competition by industry, as well as related and unrelated firm varieties in terms of employment and sales. It is found that the employment growth effects of local competition and diversity are positive, while the effect of Marshallian specialization is negative. Diversification is found to be particularly important for employment growth during the global financial crisis and immediately thereafter
Spin force and intrinsic spin Hall effect in spintronics systems
We investigate the spin Hall effect (SHE) in a wide class of spin-orbit
coupling systems by using spin force picture. We derive the general relation
equation between spin force and spin current and show that the longitudinal
force component can induce a spin Hall current, from which we reproduce the
spin Hall conductivity obtained previously using Kubo's formula. This simple
spin force picture gives a clear and intuitive explanation for SHE
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