2,011 research outputs found
Inducing Breach of Contract in Ohio
This article is limited in its scope to the development in Ohio of a cause of action for the tort of wrongfully inducing breach of contract, either by fraud, duress, obstruction, etc., or by mere persuasion, and the extent to which an invasion of contractual rights will be privileged by the fact that the actor is a competitor. It is not intended to cover generally the subject of interference with contract rights, nor the various situations under which an actor will be privileged to interfere with another\u27s contractual rights except when the privilege claimed is competition. The development of this doctrine in questions involving labor disputes, and the liability incurred for inducing an agent to breach his fiduciary relationship with his principal are not discussed
Inducing Breach of Contract in Ohio
This article is limited in its scope to the development in Ohio of a cause of action for the tort of wrongfully inducing breach of contract, either by fraud, duress, obstruction, etc., or by mere persuasion, and the extent to which an invasion of contractual rights will be privileged by the fact that the actor is a competitor. It is not intended to cover generally the subject of interference with contract rights, nor the various situations under which an actor will be privileged to interfere with another\u27s contractual rights except when the privilege claimed is competition. The development of this doctrine in questions involving labor disputes, and the liability incurred for inducing an agent to breach his fiduciary relationship with his principal are not discussed
Effects of hypothalamic knife cuts and experience on maternal behavior in the rat
Recent investigations suggest that the disruption of placentophagia, pup-directed maternal behavior, and nestbuilding seen after lesions of the medial preoptic area (MPO) or the lateral hypothalamus may be due to the interruption at different points of a single longitudinal neural system mediating these behaviors. To test this, we compared the effects of knife cuts on the lateral border of the MPO, and of the posterior medial forebrain bundle (MFB), with asymmetrical cuts combining a unilateral MPO cut with a contralateral MFB cut. We observed placentophagia, nestbuilding, and pup-directed maternal behaviors at, and after, parturition in both primiparous and biparous rats. In primiparae, MPO cuts (a) disrupted placentophagia, (b) delayed the onset of crouching and pup-licking, and (c) eliminated retrieval and nestbuilding. Asymmetrical cuts (a) disrupted placentophagia, and (b) delayed the onset of maternal behavior. In biparous rats, MPO cuts eliminated nestbuilding and retrieval. MFB cuts (a) disrupted placentophagia, and (b) eliminated nestbuilding. Asymmetrical cuts (a) delayed nestbuilding. These results suggest the involvement of a longitudinal neural system in the production of immediate pup-directed maternal behavior, placentophagia, and nestbuilding in parturient primiparae, but which is not critical for the eventual display of maternal behavior and nestbuilding in maternally naive rats, nor for the immediate onset of placentophagia and maternal behavior in maternally experienced rats
Structural Kinetic Modeling of Metabolic Networks
To develop and investigate detailed mathematical models of cellular metabolic
processes is one of the primary challenges in systems biology. However, despite
considerable advance in the topological analysis of metabolic networks,
explicit kinetic modeling based on differential equations is still often
severely hampered by inadequate knowledge of the enzyme-kinetic rate laws and
their associated parameter values. Here we propose a method that aims to give a
detailed and quantitative account of the dynamical capabilities of metabolic
systems, without requiring any explicit information about the particular
functional form of the rate equations. Our approach is based on constructing a
local linear model at each point in parameter space, such that each element of
the model is either directly experimentally accessible, or amenable to a
straightforward biochemical interpretation. This ensemble of local linear
models, encompassing all possible explicit kinetic models, then allows for a
systematic statistical exploration of the comprehensive parameter space. The
method is applied to two paradigmatic examples: The glycolytic pathway of yeast
and a realistic-scale representation of the photosynthetic Calvin cycle.Comment: 14 pages, 8 figures (color
A comparative study of two key algorithms in multiple objective linear programming
Multiple objective linear programming problems are solved with a variety of algorithms. While these algorithms vary in philosophy and outlook, most of them fall into two broad categories: those that are decision space-based and those that are objective space-based. This paper reports the outcome of a computational investigation of two key representative algorithms, one of each category, namely the parametric simplex algorithm which is a prominent representative of the former and the primal variant of Bensons Outer-approximation algorithm which is a prominent representative of the latter. The paper includes a procedure to compute the most preferred nondominated point which is an important feature in the implementation of these algorithms and their comparison. Computational and comparative results on problem instances ranging from small to medium and large are provided
Global communication part 1: the use of apparel CAD technology
Trends needed for improved communication systems, through the development of future computer-aided design technology (CAD) applications, is a theme that has received attention due to its perceived benefits in improving global supply chain efficiencies. This article discusses the developments of both 2D and 3D computer-aided design capabilities, found within global fashion supply chain relationships and environments. Major characteristics identified within the data suggest that CAD/CAM technology appears to be improving; however, evidence also suggest a plateau effect, which is accrediting forced profits towards information technology manufactures, and arguably compromising the industry's competitive advantage. Nevertheless, 2D CAD increases communication speed; whereas 3D human interaction technology is seen to be evolving slowly and questionably with limited success. The article discusses the findings and also presents the issues regarding human interaction; technology education; and individual communication enhancements using technology processes. These are still prevalent topics for the future developments of global strategy and cultural communication amalgamation
Urinary concentrations of GHB and its novel amino acid and carnitine conjugates following controlled GHB administration to humans
Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) remains a challenging clinical/forensic toxicology drug. Its rapid elimination to endogenous levels mainly causes this. Especially in drug-facilitated sexual assaults, sample collection often occurs later than the detection window for GHB. We aimed to investigate new GHB conjugates with amino acids (AA), fatty acids, and its organic acid metabolites for their suitability as ingestion/application markers in urine following controlled GHB administration to humans. We used LC–MS/MS for validated quantification of human urine samples collected within two randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled crossover studies (GHB 50 mg/kg, 79 participants) at approximately 4.5, 8, 11, and 28 h after intake. We found significant differences (placebo vs. GHB) for all but two analytes at 4.5 h. Eleven hours post GHB administration, GHB, GHB-AAs, 3,4-dihydroxybutyric acid, and glycolic acid still showed significantly higher concentrations; at 28 h only GHB-glycine. Three different discrimination strategies were evaluated: (a) GHB-glycine cut-off concentration (1 µg/mL), (b) metabolite ratios of GHB-glycine/GHB (2.5), and (c) elevation threshold between two urine samples (> 5). Sensitivities were 0.1, 0.3, or 0.5, respectively. Only GHB-glycine showed prolonged detection over GHB, mainly when compared to a second time- and subject-matched urine sample (strategy c)
Monte-Carlo modeling of the central carbon metabolism of <em>Lactococcus lactis</em>: insights into metabolic regulation
Statistics of Partial Minima
Motivated by multi-objective optimization, we study extrema of a set of N
points independently distributed inside the d-dimensional hypercube. A point in
this set is k-dominated by another point when at least k of its coordinates are
larger, and is a k-minimum if it is not k-dominated by any other point. We
obtain statistical properties of these partial minima using exact probabilistic
methods and heuristic scaling techniques. The average number of partial minima,
A, decays algebraically with the total number of points, A ~ N^{-(d-k)/k}, when
1<=k<d. Interestingly, there are k-1 distinct scaling laws characterizing the
largest coordinates as the distribution P(y_j) of the jth largest coordinate,
y_j, decays algebraically, P(y_j) ~ (y_j)^{-alpha_j-1}, with
alpha_j=j(d-k)/(k-j) for 1<=j<=k-1. The average number of partial minima grows
logarithmically, A ~ [1/(d-1)!](ln N)^{d-1}, when k=d. The full distribution of
the number of minima is obtained in closed form in two-dimensions.Comment: 6 pages, 1 figur
Estimating Mutual Information
We present two classes of improved estimators for mutual information
, from samples of random points distributed according to some joint
probability density . In contrast to conventional estimators based on
binnings, they are based on entropy estimates from -nearest neighbour
distances. This means that they are data efficient (with we resolve
structures down to the smallest possible scales), adaptive (the resolution is
higher where data are more numerous), and have minimal bias. Indeed, the bias
of the underlying entropy estimates is mainly due to non-uniformity of the
density at the smallest resolved scale, giving typically systematic errors
which scale as functions of for points. Numerically, we find that
both families become {\it exact} for independent distributions, i.e. the
estimator vanishes (up to statistical fluctuations) if . This holds for all tested marginal distributions and for all
dimensions of and . In addition, we give estimators for redundancies
between more than 2 random variables. We compare our algorithms in detail with
existing algorithms. Finally, we demonstrate the usefulness of our estimators
for assessing the actual independence of components obtained from independent
component analysis (ICA), for improving ICA, and for estimating the reliability
of blind source separation.Comment: 16 pages, including 18 figure
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