The Cambridge-Cambridge ROSAT Serendipity Survey - I. X-ray-luminous galaxies

We report on the first results obtained from a new optical identification programme of 123 faint X-ray sources with $S$(0.5--2$\,{\rm keV)}>2\times 10^{-14}\,$erg$\,$s$^{-1}\,$cm$^{-2}\,$ serendipitously detected in {\it ROSAT} PSPC pointed observations. We have spectroscopically identified the optical counterparts to more than 100 sources in this survey. Although the majority of the sample (68 objects) are QSOs, we have also identified 12 narrow emission line galaxies which have extreme X-ray luminosities ($10^{42} < L_{\rm X} < 10^{43.5}\,$erg$\,$s$^{-1}$). Subsequent spectroscopy reveals them to be a mixture of starburst galaxies and Seyfert 2 galaxies in approximately equal numbers. Combined with potentially similar objects identified in the {\it Einstein} Extended Medium Sensitivity Survey, these X-ray-luminous galaxies exhibit a rate of cosmological evolution, $L_{\rm X} \propto (1+z)^{2.5\pm1.0}$, consistent with that derived for X-ray QSOs. This evolution, coupled with the steep slope determined for the faint end of the X-ray luminosity function ($\Phi(L_{\rm X}) \propto L_{\rm X}^{-1.9}$), implies that such objects could comprise 15--35 per cent of the soft (1--2$\,$keV)Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. 7 pages including 5 figures; uuencoded compressed postscript; RGO-21

A Versatile Trapped Ion Cell for Ion Cyclotron Resonance Spectroscopy

Experimental methods have been developed which permit operation of the standard ICR cell in a trapped ion mode. Appropriate configurations of applied electrostatic fields permit trapping of ions in the source region of the ICR cell. Detection is effected after a suitable delay by drifting the ions from the source through the analyzer region where their power absorption is monitored with the usual marginal oscillator-detector. The minor modifications required do not inhibit normal operation of the cell, thus allowing for the full range of conventional ICR experiments with the additional capability of examining variation of ion abundance with time. The latter mode of operation greatly simplifies elucidation of reaction kinetics. The ion molecule reactions of methyl chloride have been investigated using this new technique. Accepted values of reaction rate constants are reproduced, demonstrating the accuracy of the method

“’Benevolent Plans Meritoriously Applied’: How Missouri Almost Became an Indian Nation, 1803–1811”

One aspect of western development—and of early Missouri territorial history—was figuring out how native peoples fit into visions of the West, as B. J. McMahon suggests

VLA neutral hydrogen imaging of compact groups

Images of the neutral hydrogen (H I) in the direction of the compact groups of galaxies, HCG 31, HCG 44, and HCG 79 are presented. The authors find in HCG 31 and HCG 79, emission contained within a cloud much larger than the galaxies as well as the entire group. The H I emission associated with HCG 44 is located within the individual galaxies but shows definite signs of tidal interactions. The authors imaged the distribution and kinematics of neutral hydrogen at the two extremes of group sizes represented in Hickson's sample. HCG 44 is at the upper limit while HCG 18, HCG 31, and HCG 79 are at the lower end. Although the number of groups that have been imaged is still very small, there may be a pattern emerging which describes the H I morphology of compact groups. The true nature of compact groups has been the subject of considerable debate and controversy. The most recent observational and theoretical evidence strongly suggests that compact groups are physically dense, dynamical systems that are in the process of merging into a single object (Williams and Rood 1987, Hickson and Rood 1988, Barnes 1989). The neutral hydrogen deficiency observed by Williams and Rood (1987) is consistent with a model in which frequent galactic collisions and interactions have heated some of the gas during the short lifetime of the group. The H I disks which are normally more extended than the luminous ones are expected to be more sensitive to collisions and to trace the galaxy's response to recent interactions. Very Large Array observations can provide in most cases the spatial resolution needed to confirm the dynamical interactions in these systems

Computer simulation of mass transport in groundwater : effect of macroscopic heterogeneities in hydraulic conductivity

In this study a computer model was used to simulate dissolved chloride movement through alluvial sediments which border the Canadian River in Hutchinson County, Texas. Hydraulic conductivity values of the sediments were required in order to calculate groundwater velocities in the system. The most realistic representation of conductivity variations in porous media is expressed by frequency distributions rather than by averaged values of conductivity. Numerous sedimentological environments exhibit log-normal conductivity distributions; therefore, one was used in this investigation. A number of conclusions can be based on the results of this study. First, certain conductivity distributions account for the observed spread of chloride in the aquifer. The best match of observed chloride dispersion was obtained with autocorrelated log-normal conductivity distributions. Secondly, the degree of spatial dependence between adjacent conductivity values affected numerous results. These include the amount of chloride dispersion and the extent of uncertainty in calculated hydraulic head and chloride distributions. For comparative purposes the chloride distribution was also modeled using an average conductivity value. Under this condition the chloride plume moved at an average rate of 10 meters/year. Another result was that longitudinal and transverse dispersivities of 46 meters and 9 meters, respectively, were required to obtain a match between observed and modeled chloride distributions.Geological Science

Between Philosophy and Art

Similarity and difference, patterns of variation, consistency and coherence: these are the reference points of the philosopher. Understanding experience, exploring ideas through particular instantiations, novel and innovative thinking: these are the reference points of the artist. However, at certain points in the proceedings of our Symposium titled, Next to Nothing: Art as Performance, this characterisation of philosopher and artist respectively might have been construed the other way around. The commentator/philosophers referenced their philosophical interests through the particular examples/instantiations created by the artist and in virtue of which they were then able to engage with novel and innovative thinking. From the artists’ presentations, on the other hand, emerged a series of contrasts within which philosophical and artistic ideas resonated. This interface of philosopher-artist bore witness to the fact that just as art approaches philosophy in providing its own analysis, philosophy approaches art in being a co-creator of art’s meaning. In what follows, we discuss the conception of philosophy-art that emerged from the Symposium, and the methodological minimalism which we employed in order to achieve it. We conclude by drawing out an implication of the Symposium’s achievement which is that a counterpoint to Institutional theories of art may well be the point from which future directions will take hold, if philosophy-art gains traction

Attachment Relationships and Adolescent Psychological Health: The Influence of Romantic Relationships

Research demonstrates that attachment relationships play important roles in adolescent psychological health. The influence of romantic relationships on adjustment is less clear. Using a cross-sectional sample of 515 adolescents, the current study examines whether romantic relationships replace the influence of other attachment relationships on adolescent psychological health. Regression analyses revealed that romantic relationships did not significantly impact on the influence of other attachment relationships when predicting depression but did significantly decrease the influence of peer attachment for self-esteem. It is concluded that romantic relationships during adolescence do not have major direct effects on adjustment and have only a minor influence on existing attachment relationships in predicting psychological health. Findings are discussed in the light of the continuity model of interpersonal relationships

New Limits on the Polarized Anisotropy of the Cosmic Microwave Background at Subdegree Angular Scales

We update the limit from the 90 GHz PIQUE ground-based polarimeter on the magnitude of any polarized anisotropy of the cosmic microwave radiation. With a second year of data, we have now limited both Q and U on a ring of 1 degree radius. The window functions are broad: for E-mode polarization, the effective l is = 191 +143 -132. We find that the E-mode signal can be no greater than 8.4 microK (95% CL), assuming no B-mode polarization. Limits on a possible B-mode signal are also presented.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Astrophysical Journal Letter

Surface pressure measurements at two tips of a model helicopter rotor in hover

Surface pressures were measured near the tip of a hovering single-bladed model helicopter rotor with two tip shapes. The rotor had a constant-chord, untwisted blade with a square, flat tip which could be modified to a body-of-revolution tip. Pressure measurements were made on the blade surface along the chordwise direction at six radial stations outboard of the 94 percent blade radius. Data for each blade tip configuration were taken at blade collective pitch angles of 0, 6.18 and 11.4 degrees at a Reynolds number of 736,000 and a Mach number of 0.25 both based on tip speed. Chordwise pressure distributions and constant surface pressure contours are presented and discussed