34 research outputs found

    Lojasiewicz exponent of families of ideals, Rees mixed multiplicities and Newton filtrations

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    We give an expression for the {\L}ojasiewicz exponent of a wide class of n-tuples of ideals (I1,...,In)(I_1,..., I_n) in \O_n using the information given by a fixed Newton filtration. In order to obtain this expression we consider a reformulation of {\L}ojasiewicz exponents in terms of Rees mixed multiplicities. As a consequence, we obtain a wide class of semi-weighted homogeneous functions (Cn,0)(C,0)(\mathbb{C}^n,0)\to (\mathbb{C},0) for which the {\L}ojasiewicz of its gradient map f\nabla f attains the maximum possible value.Comment: 25 pages. Updated with minor change

    N-Methylimidazole Promotes The Reaction Of Homophthalic Anhydride With Imines

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    The addition of N-methylimidazole (NMI) to the reaction of homophthalic anhydride with imines such as pyridine-3-carboxaldehyde-N-trifluoroethylimine (9) reduces the amount of elimination byproduct and improves the yield of the formal cycloadduct, tetrahydroisoquinolonic carboxylate 10. Carboxanilides of such compounds are of interest as potential antimalarial agents. A mechanism that rationalizes the role of NMI is proposed, and a gram-scale procedure for the synthesis and resolution of 10 is also described

    Search for differences in the complex forming abilities of alkylimidazoles and making use of them

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    Wykazano, że zasadowość cząsteczek należących do poszczególnych szeregów homologicznych alkiloimidazoli zależy od po- łożenia podstawników alkilowych w pierścieniu i rośnie liniowo ze wzrostem ich długości. Zasadowość zmniejsza się w szeregu: 1,2,4-trialkiloimidazole > 1,2-dialkiloimidazole > 1,4- dialkiloimidazole > 2- alkiloimidazole > 1-alkiloimidazole. Zasadowość ligandów ma wielkie znaczenie w rozdzielaniu metali. Metodą podziału w układzie ciecz-ciecz wyznaczono stałe trwałości tworzących się w roztworach wodnych kompleksów 1-alkilo- oraz 1-alkilo-2-metyloimidazoli z Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) i Zn(II). Wykazano, że tworzenie się kompleksów z metalami przejściowymi zależy od dwóch efektów - sterycznego lub hydrofobowego danego liganda (alkiloimidazolu). Efekty te można wykorzystać do selektywnego rozdzielania Co(II) od Ni(II), Cu(II) od Co(II) i Ni(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), czy innych kationów, w zależności od wyjściowego składu mieszaniny wykonanej różnymi technikami separacyjnymi.It was shown that the alkalinity of the molecules belonging to different homologous series alkylimidazoles depends on the position of alkyl substituents in the ring and increases linearly with increasing length. Alkalinity decreases in the series: 1,2,4-trialkylimidazole> 1,2-dialkylimidazole > 1,4 – dialkylimidazole > 2 - alkylimidazole> 1-alkylimidazole. The alkalinity of the ligands is of great importance in the distribution of metals. The liquid-liquid partition method was used to determined the stability constants of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) complexes with 1-alkyl- and 1-alkyl-2-methylimidazoles in aqueous solutions. It was shown that the formation of complexes with transition metals depends on two effects – steric or hydrophobic of ligands (alkylimidazole). These effects can be used for the selective separation of Co(II) from Ni(II), Cu(II) from Co(II) and Ni(II), Zn(II), Cd(II) or other cations, depending on the initial mixture composition

    Ternary interaction between copper(II), imidazolinone herbicides and glycylglycine

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