Modified Baryonic Dynamics: two-component cosmological simulations with light sterile neutrinos

In this article we continue to test cosmological models centred on Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) with light sterile neutrinos, which could in principle be a way to solve the fine-tuning problems of the standard model on galaxy scales while preserving successful predictions on larger scales. Due to previous failures of the simple MOND cosmological model, here we test a speculative model where the modified gravitational field is produced only by the baryons and the sterile neutrinos produce a purely Newtonian field (hence Modified Baryonic Dynamics). We use two component cosmological simulations to separate the baryonic N-body particles from the sterile neutrino ones. The premise is to attenuate the over-production of massive galaxy cluster halos which were prevalent in the original MOND plus light sterile neutrinos scenario. Theoretical issues with such a formulation notwithstanding, the Modified Baryonic Dynamics model fails to produce the correct amplitude for the galaxy cluster mass function for any reasonable value of the primordial power spectrum normalisation.Comment: 11 pages, 2 figures. Submitted to JCA

Quantified Morphology of HI Disks in the Universe

he upcoming new perspective of the high redshift Universe in the 21 cm line of atomic hydrogen opens possibilities to explore topics of spiral disk evolution, hitherto reserved for the optical regime. The growth of spiral gas disks over Cosmic time can be explored with the new generation of radio telescopes, notably the SKA, and its precursors, as accurately as with the Hubble Space Telescope for stellar disks. Since the atomic hydrogen gas is the building block of these disks, it should trace their formation accurately. Morphology of HI disks can now equally be quantified over Cosmic time. In studies of HST deep fields, the optical or UV morphology of high-redshift galaxy disks have been characterized using a few quantities: concentration (C), asymmetry (A), smoothness (S), second-order-moment (M20), the GINI coefficient (G), and Ellipticity (E). We have applied these parameters across wavelengths and compared them to the HI morphology over the THINGS sample. NGC 3184, an unperturbed disk, and NGC 5194, the canonical 3:1 interaction, serve as examples for quantified morphology. We find that morphology parameters determined in HI are as good or better a tracer of interaction compared to those in any other wavelength, notably in Asymmetry, Gini and M20. This opens the possibility of using them in the parameterization pipeline for SKA precursor catalogues to select interacting or harassed galaxies from their HI morphology. Asymmetry, Gini and M20 may be redefined for use on data-cubes rather than HI column density image.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, proceeding of the conference "Panoramic Radio Astronomy: Wide-field 1-2 GHz research on galaxy evolution", June 02 - 05 2009, Groningen, update after small edit

Quantified HI Morphology II : Lopsidedness and Interaction in WHISP Column Density Maps

Lopsidedness of the gaseous disk of spiral galaxies is a common phenomenon in disk morphology, profile and kinematics. Simultaneously, the asymmetry of a galaxy's stellar disk, in combination with other morphological parameters, has seen extensive use as an indication of recent merger or interaction in galaxy samples. Quantified morphology of stellar spiral disks is one avenue to determine the merger rate over much of the age of the Universe. In this paper, we measure the quantitative morphology parameters for the HI column density maps from the Westerbork observations of neutral Hydrogen in Irregular and SPiral galaxies (WHISP). These are Concentration, Asymmetry, Smoothness, Gini, M20, and one addition of our own, the Gini parameter of the second order moment (GM). Our aim is to determine if lopsided or interacting disks can be identified with these parameters. Our sample of 141 HI maps have all previous classifications on their lopsidedness and interaction. We find that the Asymmetry, M20, and our new GM parameter correlate only weakly with the previous morphological lopsidedness quantification. These three parameters may be used to compute a probability that an HI disk is morphologically lopsided but not unequivocally to determine it. However, we do find that that the question whether or not an HI disk is interacting can be settled well using morphological parameters. Parameter cuts from the literature do not translate from ultraviolet to HI directly but new selection criteria using combinations of Asymmetry and M20 or Concentration and M20, work very well. We suggest that future all-sky HI surveys may use these parameters of the column density maps to determine the merger fraction and hence rate in the local Universe with a high degree of accuracy.Comment: 12 pages, 5 figures, 1 table, accepted by MNRAS, appendix not include

antioxidant and anticandidal activities of the tunisian haplophyllum tuberculatum forssk a juss essential oils

Abstract Haplophyllum tuberculatum Forssk. is a medicinal plant growing in Tunisia. It is widely used in traditional medicine against gastro-intestinal problems, fevers, ear infections and rheumatisms. The present investigation evaluated the effects of leaves, stems and leaves + stems essential oils of Haplophyllum tuberculatum Forssk. and of their pure compounds on free radicals as well as their anticandidal activities. Screening for the antioxidant activity of the oils, R-(+)-limonene, S-(−)-limonene and 1-octanol was conducted by DPPH, ABTS and β-carotene/linoleic acid radical scavenging assays. The essentials oils and their compounds were screened for antifungal activity against four Candida species: Candida albicans ATCC 90028; Candida glabrata ATCC 90030; Candida parapsilosis ATCC 27853 and Candida krusei ATCC 6258. When compared with ascorbic acid as standard, it was found that the essential oils have a significant inhibition in scavenging free radicals, resulting in an important IC50. The pure compounds were inactive against the free radicals. The anticandidal test results showed that leaves, stems and leaves + stems oils strongly inhibited the growth of Candida krusei at 30 μg/mL leaves oils and 70 μg/mL for other oils and that moderately of the 3 other Candida species. The pure compound, 1-octanol, was active one against the candida species, with MIC-values between 0.07 and 1.25 mg/mL. In all in vitro assays, a significant correlation existed between the concentrations of the essential oils, the percentage inhibition of free radicals and of the growth inhibitory of tested candida species. The results indicate the essential oils may be applied for treating diseases related to free radicals, potentially to prevent cancer development and as an antifungal agent against Candida

A New Approach to the Optimal Target Selection Problem

Optimally selecting a subset of targets from a larger catalog is a common problem in astronomy and cosmology. A specific example is the selection of targets from an imaging survey for multi-object spectrographic follow-up. We present a new heuristic algorithm, HYBRID, for this purpose and undertake detailed studies of its performance. HYBRID combines elements of the simulated annealing, MCMC and particle-swarm methods and is particularly successful in cases where the survey landscape has multiple curvature or clustering scales. HYBRID consistently outperforms the other methods, especially in high-dimensionality spaces with many extrema. This means many fewer simulations must be run to reach a given performance confidence level and implies very significant advantages in solving complex or computationally expensive optimisation problems.Comment: 10 pages, 14 figures, Extended version accepted to Astron. Astrophy

Cytoskeleton’s Role in KIR2.1 Trafficking

Alteration of the inward rectifier current IK1, carried by KIR2.1 channels, affects action potential duration, impacts resting membrane stability and associates with cardiac arrhythmias. Congenital and acquired KIR2.1 malfunction frequently associates with aberrant ion channel trafficking. Cellular processes underlying trafficking are intertwined with cytoskeletal function. The extent to which the cytoskeleton is involved in KIR2.1 trafficking processes is unknown. We aimed to quantify the dependence of KIR2.1 trafficking on cytoskeleton function. GFP or photoconvertible Dendra2 tagged KIR2.1 constructs were transfected in HEK293 or HeLa cells. Photoconversion of the Dendra2 probe at the plasma membrane and subsequent live imaging of trafficking processes was performed by confocal laser-scanning microscopy. Time constant of green fluorescent recovery (τg,s) represented recruitment of new KIR2.1 at the plasma membrane. Red fluorescent decay (τr,s) represented internalization of photoconverted KIR2.1. Patch clamp electrophysiology was used to quantify IKIR2.1. Biochemical methods were used for cytoskeleton isolation and detection of KIR2.1 cytoskeleton interactions. Cytochalasin B (20 μM), Nocodazole (30 μM) and Dyngo-4a (10 nM) were used to modify the cytoskeleton. Chloroquine (10 μM, 24 h) was used to impair KIR2.1 breakdown. Cytochalasin B and Nocodazole, inhibitors of actin and tubulin filament formation respectively, strongly inhibited the recovery of green fluorescence at the plasma membrane suggestive for inhibition of KIR2.1 forward trafficking [τg,s 13 ± 2 vs. 131 ± 31* and 160 ± 40* min, for control, Cytochalasin B and Nocodazole, respectively (*p < 0.05 vs. control)]. Dyngo-4a, an inhibitor of dynamin motor proteins, strongly slowed the rate of photoconverted channel internalization, whereas Nocodazole and Cytochalasin B had less effect [τr,s 20 ± 2 vs. 87 ± 14*, 60 ± 16 and 64 ± 20 min (*p < 0.05 vs. control)]. Cytochalasin B treatment (20 μM, 24 h) inhibited IKIR2.1. Chloroquine treatment (10 μM, 24 h) induced intracellular aggregation of KIR2.1 channels and enhanced interaction with the actin/intermediate filament system (103 ± 90 fold; p < 0.05 vs. control). Functional actin and tubulin cytoskeleton systems are essential for forward trafficking of KIR2.1 channels, whereas initial backward trafficking relies on a functional dynamin system. Chronic disturbance of the actin system inhibits KIR2.1 currents. Internalized KIR2.1 channels become recruited to the cytoskeleton, presumably in lysosomes

Zimbabwe's coloured gemstone endowments - A regional geological overview

Zimbabwe hosts a varied array of coloured gemstones. With the exception of emerald deposits and several world-class pegmatites, few of the gemstone occurrences have received detailed attention from the scientific or mineral exploration communities. In the present contribution we summarize the status of knowledge of the gemstone deposits and occurrences in Zimbabwe, paying particular attention to the geological settings in which they were formed. Synthesis of this regional geological approach reveals that there may be significant exploration potential for further gemstone occurrences, particularly in the extensive pegmatite fields and in Al-enriched orogenic belts that have undergone greenschist to granulite facies metamorphism. Further socio-economic and developmental initiatives will aid in optimizing the value generation from this important sub-sector

Connectivity between marine reserves and exploited areas in the philopatric reef fish Chrysoblephus laticeps (Teleostei: Sparidae)

"No-take‟ Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are successful in protecting populations of many exploited fish species, but it is often unclear whether networks of MPAs are adequately spaced to ensure connectivity among reserves, and whether spillover occurs into adjacent exploited areas. Such issues are particularly important in species with low dispersal potential, many of which exist as genetically distinct regional stocks.The roman, Chrysoblephus laticeps, is an overexploited, commercially important fishery species endemic to South Africa. Post-recruits display resident behavior and occupy small home ranges, making C. laticeps a suitable model species to investigate connectivity in marine teleosts with potentially low dispersal ability. We used multilocus data from two types of highly variable genetic markers (mitochondrial DNA control region and microsatellites) to clarify patterns of genetic connectivity and population structure in C. laticeps using samples from two MPAs and several moderately or severely exploited regions. Despite using analytical tools that are sensitive to detect even subtle genetic structure, we found that this species exists as a single, well-mixed stock throughout its core distribution. This finding lends supports to the status of MPAs as an adequate tool for managing overexploited marine teleosts. Even though adult dispersal out of MPAs is limited, the fact that the large adults in these reserves produce exponentially more offspring than their smaller counterparts in exploited areas makes MPAs a rich source of recruits. We nonetheless caution against concluding that the lack of structure identified in C. laticeps and several other southern African teleosts can be considered to be representative of marine teleosts in this region in general. Many such species are represented in more than one marine biogeographic province and may be comprised of regionally-adapted stocks that need to be managed individually

Rethinking ‘top‐down’ and ‘bottom‐up’ roles of top and middle managers in organizational change: implications for employee support

In this study we integrate insights from ‘top‐down’ and ‘bottom‐up’ traditions in organizational change research to understand employees’ varying dispositions to support change. We distinguish between change initiation and change execution roles and identify four possible role configurations in which top managers (TMs) and middle managers (MMs) can feature in change. We contend that both TMs and MMs can play change initiation and/or change execution roles, TMs and MMs have different strengths and limitations for taking on different change roles, and their relative strengths and limitations are compounded or attenuated based on the specific configuration of change roles. We subsequently hypothesize employee support for change in relation to different TM‐MM change role configurations. Our findings show that change initiated by TMs does not engender above‐average level of employee support. However, change initiated by MMs engenders above‐average level of employee support, and even more so, if TMs handle the change execution

A collaborative auto-ethnographic exploration of socially just practices by new academics in two South African higher education institutions

Challenges experienced in the higher education context require new academics to engage with issues of social justice in their pedagogical practices. This article focuses on such challenges and how these are met by the authors, who are new academics from two higher education institutions in South Africa. Using a collaborative auto-ethnographic approach to analyse and interpret practices from different disciplines and higher education institutions, critical insights into “response-able pedagogies” are highlighted. “Response-able pedagogies” may be described as those which foreground attentiveness, responsibility, curiosity and capability, are used as a lens to examine the pedagogical practices of the authors, as new academics. This lens is useful in that it illuminates ethical dimensions of how a socially just pedagogy might be enacted in disparate South African higher education contexts. Issues of language, academic literacies, resources, employability, cultural diversity, large classes, and student abilities are reflected upon in relation to new academics’ engagement with socially just pedagogies. The article is intended to be a useful resource specifically, but not exclusively for, new academics entering the field of higher education in South Africa