Controlling Molecular Scattering by Laser-Induced Field-Free Alignment

We consider deflection of polarizable molecules by inhomogeneous optical fields, and analyze the role of molecular orientation and rotation in the scattering process. It is shown that molecular rotation induces spectacular rainbow-like features in the distribution of the scattering angle. Moreover, by preshaping molecular angular distribution with the help of short and strong femtosecond laser pulses, one may efficiently control the scattering process, manipulate the average deflection angle and its distribution, and reduce substantially the angular dispersion of the deflected molecules. We provide quantum and classical treatment of the deflection process. The effects of strong deflecting field on the scattering of rotating molecules are considered by the means of the adiabatic invariants formalism. This new control scheme opens new ways for many applications involving molecular focusing, guiding and trapping by optical and static fields

Exploring CP Violation through Correlations in B --> pi K, B_d --> pi^+pi^-, B_s --> K^+K^- Observable Space

We investigate allowed regions in observable space of B --> pi K, B_d --> pi^+pi^- and B_s --> K^+K^- decays, characterizing these modes in the Standard Model. After a discussion of a new kind of contour plots for the $B\to\pi K$ system, we focus on the mixing- induced and direct CP asymmetries of the decays B_d --> pi^+pi^- and B_s--> K^+K^-. Using experimental information on the CP-averaged B_d --> pi^{+/-}K^{+/-} and B_d --> pi^+pi^- branching ratios, the relevant hadronic penguin parameters can be constrained,implying certain allowed regions in observable space. In the case of B_d --> pi^+pi^-, an interesting situation arises now in view of the recent B-factory measurements of CP violation in this channel, allowing us to obtain new constraints on the CKM angle gamma as a function of the B^0_d--\bar{B^0_d} mixing phase phi_d=2beta, which is fixed through A_{CP}^{mix}(B_d --> J/psi K_S) up to a twofold ambiguity. If we assume that A_{CP}^{mix}(B_d --> pi^+pi^-) is positive, as indicated by recent Belle data, and that phi_d is in agreement with the ``indirect'' fits of the unitarity triangle, also the corresponding values for gamma around 60 degrees can be accommodated. On the other hand, for the second solution of phi_d, we obtain a gap around gamma ~ 60 degrees. The allowed region in the space of A_{CP}^{mix}(B_s --> K^+K^-) and A_{CP}^{dir}(B_s --> K^+K^-) is very constrained in the Standard Model, thereby providing a narrow target range for run II of the Tevatron and the experiments of the LHC era.Comment: 34 pages, LaTeX, 12 figures. More detailed introduction and a few Comments added, conclusions unchanged. To appear in Phys. Rev.

Development of a steam powered sports car

Thesis (B.S.) Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1957.MIT copy bound with: Test and modification of a density compensated orifice flowmeter / Allan Eckhaus. 1957.Bibliography: leaf [60].by William B. Fleischer and Sidney Zafran.B.S

Relativistic description of electron scattering on the deuteron

Within a quasipotential framework a relativistic analysis is presented of the deuteron current. Assuming that the singularities from the nucleon propagators are important, a so-called equal time approximation of the current is constructed. This is applied to both elastic and inelastic electron scattering. As dynamical model the relativistic one boson exchange model is used. Reasonable agreement is found with a previous relativistic calculation of the elastic electromagnetic form factors of the deuteron. For the unpolarized inelastic electron scattering effects of final state interactions and relativistic corrections to the structure functions are considered in the impulse approximation. Two specific kinematic situations are studied as examples.Comment: (19 pages in revtex + 15 figures not included, available upon request.) report THU-93-10

Exploring CP Violation with BcB_c Decays

We point out that the pure ``tree'' decays $B_c^\pm\to D^\pm_s D$ are particularly well suited to extract the CKM angle $\gamma$ through amplitude relations. In contrast to conceptually similar strategies using $B^\pm\to K^\pm D$ or $B_d\to K^{\ast0} D$ decays, the advantage of the $B_c$ approach is that the corresponding triangles have three sides of comparable length and do not involve small amplitudes. Decays of the type $B_c^\pm\to D^\pm D$ -- the $U$-spin counterparts of $B_c^\pm\to D^\pm_s D$ -- can be added to the analysis, as well as channels, where the $D^\pm_s$- and $D^\pm$-mesons are replaced by higher resonances.Comment: 9 pages, LaTeX, 3 figures, reference adde

Innovation in the European chemical industry

Firms in the European chemical industry have been among the most successful firms world wide. However, they have had to undertake severe restucturing in order to maintain their market position. These efforts focused in particular on strengthening their innovative capability as product and process innovation have become the most decisive factors in global competition. In order to improve the innovative conditions, the European Commission has supported the Community Innovation Survey (CIS). 1992/1993 was the first time that large-scale harmonised innovation surveys were carried out in all Member States of the European Union. This study uses the CIS micro data from nearly 2000 European chemical firms. This study focuses on the identification of innovative trends within the chemical industry between 1984 and 1993. Using data from annual reports of nine selected European stock companies, the study identifies those areas of the chemical industry currently having the highest innovative potential. Three speciality categories are identified as having the highest number of innovations during this ten year period: chemicals, paints/varnishes, and plastics. -- Obwohl viele europäische Unternehmen der chemischen Industrie in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten zu den erfolgreichsten in der Welt zählten, mußten sie sich Anfang der neunziger Jahre einem gravierenden Strukturwandel unterziehen, um ihre Position behaupten zu können. Die Fähigkeit der Unternehmen, Innovationen hervorzubringen, stand und steht dabei im Mittelpunkt. Mit dem Ziel, die Rahmenbedingungen für Innovationen zu verbessern, führte die EU-Kommission 1993 eine europaweite Innovationserhebung, den Community Innovation Survey (CIS) durch. In dieser Studie wurden die anonymisierten Antworten von nahezu 2000 Unternehmen der chemischen Industrie analysiert. Um Innovationstrends aufzuzeigen zu können, wurden darüber hinaus Geschäftsberichte von neun großen europäischen Chemieunternehmen ausgewertet. So wurden die Sparten Spezialitäten, Farben/Lacke und Kunststoffe als diejenigen Sparten identifiziert, die im Untersuchungszeitraum (1984-1993) die meisten Innovationen aufwiesen.

A Possibility of large electro-weak penguin contribution in B -> K pi modes

We discuss about a possibility of large electro-weak penguin contribution in B -> K pi from recent experimental data. The several relations among the branching ratios which realize when the contributions from tree type and electro-weak penguin are small compared with the gluon penguin and can be treated as the expansion parameters do not satisfy the data. The difference comes from the r^2 terms which is the square of the ratio with the gluon penguin and the main contribution comes from electro-weak penguin. We find that the contribution from electro-weak penguin may be large to explain the experimental data. If the magnitude estimated from experiment is quite large compared with the theoretical estimation, then it may be including some new physics effects.Comment: 11 pages, 1 figure, Typos correcte

The efficacy of halofantrine in the treatment of acute malaria in nonimmune travelers

A multicenter prospective trial was performed to investigate the efficacy and the tolerability of halofantrine in nonimmune patients with malaria imported from areas with drug-resistant falciparum parasites (mainly Africa). Forty-five of the 74 subjects were treated with a one-day regimen (3 x 500 mg) of halofantrine, and the other 29 received the same regimen with an additional treatment on day 7. In the second group, a 100% efficacy rate was demonstrated, but in the group receiving the one-day regimen, four recrudescences were observed in patients with falciparum malaria. Only five mild adverse reactions were seen, which disappeared spontaneously after the end of the treatment. We conclude that halofantrine is highly effective in curing malaria in nonimmune subjects. The treatment scheme for such persons should include an additional treatment on day 7 for nonimmune individuals. This drug was well tolerated in our patients, indicating that halofantrine will be useful in the treatment of multidrug-resistant malaria in nonimmune persons

Rescattering Information from B→KKˉB \to K \bar K Decays

Rescattering effects can modify the dependence on the weak phase $\gamma = -{\rm Arg}(V^*_{ub}V_{ud}/V^*_{cb} V_{cd})$ of the ratio of rates for $B^{\pm} \to K \pi^\pm$ and $B \to K^\pm \pi^\mp$. A test for these effects based on the processes $B^\pm \to K^\pm K$ has been suggested. It is pointed out that the rates for the processes $B \to K^+ K^-$, which are expected to be {\it dominated} by rescattering and for which considerably better experimental bounds exist, are likely to provide a more stringent constraint on these effects.Comment: 22 pages, latex, 7 figures, to be published in Phys. Rev. D. Minor corrections and addition

Reduction method for dimensionally regulated one-loop N-point Feynman integrals

We present a systematic method for reducing an arbitrary one-loop N-point massless Feynman integral with generic 4-dimensional momenta to a set comprised of eight fundamental scalar integrals: six box integrals in D=6, a triangle integral in D=4, and a general two-point integral in D space time dimensions. All the divergences present in the original integral are contained in the general two-point integral and associated coefficients. The problem of vanishing of the kinematic determinants has been solved in an elegant and transparent manner. Being derived with no restrictions regarding the external momenta, the method is completely general and applicable for arbitrary kinematics. In particular, it applies to the integrals in which the set of external momenta contains subsets comprised of two or more collinear momenta, which are unavoidable when calculating one-loop contributions to the hard-scattering amplitude for exclusive hadronic processes at large momentum transfer in PQCD. The iterative structure makes it easy to implement the formalism in an algebraic computer program.Comment: 22 pages, 2 figures; one appendix added, discussions clarified, version to appear in Eur. Phys. J.