Embryonic malformations following exposure to copper oxide nanoparticles in Mus musculus

زمینه و هدف: کاربرد گسترده‌ای از نانو مواد در صنعت، پزشکی و محصولات مصرفی باعث افزایش نگرانی در مورد سمیت بالقوه آن ها شده است. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی اثر سمیت نانو ذره اکسید مس بر رشد و نمو جنین موش نژاد NMRI است. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه تجربی تعداد 42 موش سوری ماده بالغ به‌طور تصادفی به 6 گروه تقسیم شدند (7n=). چهار گروه تجربی در روز 3 و 12 بارداری نانو ذرات اکسید مس با غلظت‌های 300، 400، 500 و 600 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم به‌ صورت داخل صفاقی دریافت کردند. گروه شم آب مقطر دیونیزه به‌عنوان حلال نانوذره مس دریافت کرد و گروه کنترل نانوذره‌ای دریافت نکرد. در روز 17 بارداری موش‌ها کالبد شکافی شده و جنین‌ها از بافت رحمی خارج شدند. مطالعات هیستوپاتولوژیک با استفاده از رنگ‌آمیزی هماتوکسیلین ائوزین و میکروسکوپ نوری انجام شد. نتایج با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SPSS و به روش آنالیز واریانس یک‌طرفه (ANOVA) و تست تعقیبی دانکن در سطح معنی‌داری (05/0>P) مورد تجزیه ‌و تحلیل قرار گرفت. یافته‌ها: نتایج یافته‌های این مطالعه نشان داد نانوذره اکسید مس بر روند ارگانوژنز، تکمیل ساختار عصبی، لوبولاسیون کبدی و زمان احتمالی عقب بودن تشکیل جنین در غلظت600 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم تأثیر گذاشت. همچنین میانگین تعداد سومیت ها در غلظت‌های 400، 500 و 600 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم در مقایسه با کنترل کاهش معنی‌داری را نشان داد (05/0

Women's views of continuity of information provided during and after pregnancy: A qualitative interview study

Straightforward transfer of care from pregnancy to the postpartum period is associated with health benefits and is desired by women worldwide. Underpinning this transfer of care is the sharing of information between healthcare professionals and the provision of consistent information to women. In this qualitative study, two aspects of continuity of information were examined; first the information passed on from midwife to health visitor regarding a woman and her baby before the health visitor meets the woman postnatally and second, the consistency of information received by women from these two healthcare professionals (the main healthcare providers during and after pregnancy in England). To be eligible for the study, women had to have had a baby in England within 12 months prior to the interview. Participants also needed to be able to read and speak English and be over 18 years old. Recruitment of participants was via word of mouth and social media. Twenty-nine mothers were interviewed of whom 19 were first time mothers. The interviews took place in the summer and autumn of 2016 and were transcribed verbatim and analysed using Framework Analysis. Two overarching themes were identified: not feeling listened to and information inconsistencies. Women reported little experience of midwives and health visitors sharing information about their care, forcing women to repeat information. This made women feel not listened to and participants recommended that healthcare professionals share information; prioritising information about labour, mental health, and chronic conditions. Women had mixed experiences regarding receiving information from midwives and health visitors, with examples of both consistent and inconsistent information received. To avoid inconsistent information, joint appointments were recommended. Findings from this study clearly suggest that better communication pathways need to be developed and effectively implemented for midwives and health visitors to improve the care that they provide to women

Extraordinary exposed in early motherhood - a qualitative study exploring experiences of mothers with type 1 diabetes

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Women with type 1 diabetes face several challenges during pregnancy, childbirth and in relation to breastfeeding. It is therefore of utmost importance to consider their need for specific support, early postpartum as well as in daily life after discharge from maternity care. Few studies have investigated these aspects of healthcare. The aim of this study was to explore experiences after childbirth regarding breastfeeding, glycemic control, support and well-being in women with type 1 diabetes.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A hermeneutic reflective life world research approach was used in this qualitative study. Data was gathered through audio-recorded focus group discussions and individual interviews with 23 women with type 1 diabetes, 6-24 months after childbirth. After verbatim transcription, the text was analyzed in order to identify themes of meaning and a conclusive interpretation of the explored phenomenon.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Experiences of extraordinary exposure challenged the women with type 1 diabetes in their transition to early motherhood. The exposure included a struggle with breastfeeding, although with a driving force to succeed. Everyday life was filled with uncertainty and unpredictability related to one's own unstable glycemic control and the women down-prioritized their own needs in favor of the child. A feeling of being disconnected from professional care further contributed to the experiences of extraordinary exposure.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>In early motherhood women with type 1 diabetes have a great need for support in managing daily life postpartum, which requires contemporary approaches to overlap insufficient linkage between health care professionals in maternity and child health care, and diabetes care.</p

The contribution of insects to global forest deadwood decomposition

The amount of carbon stored in deadwood is equivalent to about 8 per cent of the global forest carbon stocks. The decomposition of deadwood is largely governed by climate with decomposer groups—such as microorganisms and insects—contributing to variations in the decomposition rates. At the global scale, the contribution of insects to the decomposition of deadwood and carbon release remains poorly understood. Here we present a field experiment of wood decomposition across 55 forest sites and 6 continents. We find that the deadwood decomposition rates increase with temperature, and the strongest temperature effect is found at high precipitation levels. Precipitation affects the decomposition rates negatively at low temperatures and positively at high temperatures. As a net effect—including the direct consumption by insects and indirect effects through interactions with microorganisms—insects accelerate the decomposition in tropical forests (3.9% median mass loss per year). In temperate and boreal forests, we find weak positive and negative effects with a median mass loss of 0.9 per cent and −0.1 per cent per year, respectively. Furthermore, we apply the experimentally derived decomposition function to a global map of deadwood carbon synthesized from empirical and remote-sensing data, obtaining an estimate of 10.9 ± 3.2 petagram of carbon per year released from deadwood globally, with 93 per cent originating from tropical forests. Globally, the net effect of insects may account for 29 per cent of the carbon flux from deadwood, which suggests a functional importance of insects in the decomposition of deadwood and the carbon cycle

Early aseptic loosening of a press-fit radial head prosthesis - A case series of 6 patients.

Radial head arthroplasty (RHA) is the principal treatment option for comminuted radial head (RH) fractures. Here, we present six cases of failed RHA using a modular monopolar press-fit RHA that was subsequently withdrawn from the market because it was associated with a high incidence of loosening. We retrospectively collected data from six patients who had received Radial Head Prothesis System &lt;sup&gt;TM&lt;/sup&gt; at our centre between July 2015 and June 2016. The average follow-up was 40 months. Aseptic loosening of the stem affected five (83%) of the six RHA. Four of these were symptomatic and RHA removal was performed. For these patients, the pain subsided and their elbow range of motion (ROM) improved. While the ideal design for an RHA is still debatable, RHA is an efficient treatment option that restores elbow stability and function after a comminuted RH fracture. Importantly, removal of the prosthesis is an effective remedy following RHA associated elbow pain and decreased ROM

Histopathological Evaluation of Kidney and Heart Tissues after Exposure to Copper Oxide Nanoparticles in Mus musculus

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:&nbsp;Copper nanoparticles are being extensively used in medical sciences, food supplements and industrial fields. However, their potential toxic effects on human health and the environment remain undetermined.&nbsp;The purpose of this study was to evaluate the toxic effects of copper oxide nanoparticles on kidney and heart tissues of mice. METHODS:&nbsp;In this experimental study,&nbsp;42 adult female mice, weighing 30&plusmn;3 g, were randomly divided into control, sham and four experimental groups. The mice in the experimental groups intraperitoneally received copper oxide nanoparticles with doses of 300, 400, 500 and 600 mg/kg.&nbsp;After autopsy, the hearts and kidneys of mice were separated and weighed. For histopathological examinations, heart and kidney tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin.&nbsp; FINDINGS:&nbsp;Kidney weight in control and sham groups, compared to experimental groups receiving nanoparticle doses of 300, 400, 500 and 600 mg/kg, reduced to 21&plusmn;0.02, 19&plusmn;0.02, 20&plusmn;0.02 and 22&plusmn;0.01 g, respectively,&nbsp;while no significant changes were observed in the heart weight.&nbsp;Histopathological examination of kidney and heart&nbsp;after the intraperitoneal injection of copper oxide nanoparticles showed signs of cytotoxicity including congestion, necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration, compared to the control group. CONCLUSION:&nbsp;The findings of this study showed that copper oxide nanoparticles cause damage to the kidney and heart in a dose-dependent wa

A missed traumatic atlanto-axial rotatory subluxation in an adult patient: case report

Bardia Barimani,1 Rayan Fairag,1,2 Fahad Abduljabbar,1,2 Ahmed Aoude,1 Carlo Santaguida,1 Jean Ouellet,1 Michael Weber1 1McGill Scoliosis and Spine Centre, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada; 2Department of Orthopedic Surgery, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Background: Traumatic atlanto-axial rotatory subluxation (AARS) in an adult is a rare condition, which if left untreated can be fatal. In addition to this, many symptoms experienced such as neck pain and stiffness are non-specific which often leads to misdiagnosis, thus delaying definitive treatment. AARS can be divided into traumatic and non-traumatic causes with the latter generally encompassing congenital cervical spine abnormalities. Case presentation: We present a case of a 66-year-old female with traumatic rotatory AARS, which was initially misdiagnosed in the emergency department. This patient was subsequently recalled to the hospital when the misdiagnosis was spotted the following day from imaging results. The patient was initially managed conservatively as an inpatient using head halter cervical traction which proved to give good clinical reduction allowing discharge with Miami J upon ambulation. Upon follow up the patient was experiencing continuous pain but remained neurovascularly intact. She thus opted for definitive management with C1&ndash;C2 stabilization with an open reduction and internal fixation. Conclusion: This case demonstrates the importance of having a high index of suspicion to diagnose AARS in cervical spine trauma presenting to the emergency department, until exclusion can be made using imaging and clinical examination. Keywords: atlanto-axial subluxation, torticollis, atlanto-axial joint, atlanto-axial fixation, rotatory, traumati