Doctor's Role in Early Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy and Prevention of Blindness from its Complications

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a microangiopathy, which is caused by chronic hyperglycemia, affecting the retinal arterioles, capillaries and venules, complications of which lead to incurable blindness. Approximately 10% of the diabetic population has type I diabetes mellitus (DM) which is diagnosed before the age of 30 years1 and rest is type II which is diagnosed after the age of 30 years. In UK 2% general population is affected by DM. In developed countries, diabetic retinopathy is an important and leading cause of blindness in working age group where as in developing western countries this figure occupy 12% of the blindness. In developing countries like Nepal, cataract still remains a main cause of blindness and diabetes is not considered as a major problem. However due to a rapid urbanization and modernization of population, diabetes mellitus is becoming an endemic disease and bringing a new challenge in blindness reduction program. Key Words: Early detection of DR, Classification of DR, Complications, Prevention of blindness

Indirect Traumatic Optic Neuropathy - Retrospective Interventional Case Series from a Tertiary Care Center in Eastern Nepal

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SMOKING AND OCULAR DISEASE-AN UPDATE

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Management of a Case of Massive Orbital Fracture Associated with Intracranial Injury

No Abstract. Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology Vol. 15 (1) 2007: pp. 13-1

Orbital cellulitis and paranasal sinusitis with intracranial and subgaleal extension following trivial fall

Orbital cellulitis is a rare sequala of orbital trauma, and usually presents with unilateral or bilateral progressive proptosis. Diagnosis is based on clinical details and can be confirmed by CT scan. Early and aggressive management of this life-threatening condition with appropriate antibiotics is gives good functional outcome. Keywords: Orbital cellulitis, orbital fracture, proptosis> African Journal of Paediatric Surgery Vol. 3 (2) 2006: pp. 75-7

Retinopathy of Prematurity in A Tertiary Care Hospital in Eastern Nepal

World Health Organization’s Vision 2020 program has recognized Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) as an important cause of childhood blindness in industrialized and developing countries. In the last few years, it has been identifi ed in many under developed countries as well, as a result of improved neonatal intensive care. In Nepal, ROP screening is carried out in a few tertiary hospitals but there is no published data on this disease. The purpose of this study was to fi nd out the incidence, severity and risk factors of ROP among infants screened in a tertiary care hospital in the Eastern Region of Nepal. A prospective cohort study was carried out in neonates with gestational age of 34 weeks or less and, or birth weight of 1700 gm or less born over the period of one year. Dilated fundus examination of all babies was done by indirect ophthalmoscopy between 2-4 weeks after birth and followed up till the retinal vascularization was complete. Classifi cation of ROP was done according to international classifi cation (ICROP). Maternal and neonatal risk factors were also noted. A total of 55 babies fulfi lled the screening criteria. ROP was present in 25.45% (n=14) of the babies. Threshold disease was noted in 5.45% (n=3) of the babies screened. Low birth weight (p<0.01) and low gestational age (p<0.01) was signifi cantly associated with the incidence of ROP. Oxygen supplementation (p=<0.01) was an independent risk factor. ROP screening should be performed in all preterm low birth weight infants where there is availability of good neonatal intensive care units. The examination should be intensifi ed in those having risk factors like oxygen. Further studies in the other tertiary care hospitals in Nepal would help to establish the screening criteria for Nepalese infants. Key words: Retinopathy of prematurity, Eastern Nepal, screenin