Investigation of the Effect of the Simulation Method on Academic Achievement in Science with 7th graders in Science Course

This study aimed to investigate the effect of the simulation method on the academic achievement of the 7th-graders in secondary school in the science course. The %252339%253BLight%252339%253B unit was selected as a subject. The research was carried out with the participation of 98 students (Experiment, n %253D 52 and Control, n %253D 46) at a secondary school in the city center of Çanakkale in the spring term of 2013-2014 academic year. It was an experimental study with the pretest-posttest control group. This study collected data with the Science Academic Achievement Test (SAAT) developed by Benli, Sarıkaya and Kayabaşı (2012). Since the validity and reliability studies of the SAAT were conducted in Çanakkale, it was recalculated and found suitable in terms of validity and reliability. In the control group, the constructivist approach was employed while in the experimental group, the simulation method was implemented. The pretest results showed no significant differences between the experimental and control groups in terms of academic achievement. When the SAAT posttest scores of the students in both groups, that is, in the control and experimental groups, were examined, the average score in favor of the experimental group was found to be higher. At the end of the study, when the SAAT posttest scores of the students in both groups were examined, the average score in favor of the experimental group was found to be higher

Molecular Dynamics Study of Palladium Clusters: Size Dependent Analysis of Structural Stabilities and Energetics of Pdn (n ≤ 40) via a Lennard-Jones Type Potential

Possible stable structures and energetics of palladium clusters, Pdn (n = 2–40), have been investigated by performing molecular-dynamics simulations based on a Lennard-Jones type pairpotential. To determine a preferable growth mechanism, the growing pattern of Pdn clusters was analyzed via rearrangement collisions and the simple quenching technique. Main observed results are that palladium clusters prefer three-dimensional structures and spherical clusters of medium size appear to have five-fold symmetry. The results are compared with those from previous theoretical studies

Determination of Chemisorption Probabilities of Hydrogen Molecules on a Nickel Surface by Artificial Neural Network

Dissociative chemisorption probabilities for H2(v, j) + Ni(100) collision systems have been estimated by using Artificial Neural Network (ANN). For training, previously determined probability values via molecular dynamics simulations have been used. Performance of the ANN, for predicting any quantities in the molecule-surface interaction, has been investigated. Effects of the surface sites and the rovibrational states of the molecule on the process are analyzed. The results are in good agreement with the related previous studies

Quantum phase transitions in odd-A nuclei: The effect of the odd particle from spherical to oblate shapes

Quantum shape-phase transitions in odd-nuclei are investigated within the framework of the interacting boson-fermion model (IBFM). We consider the case of a single-j fermion coupled to an even-even boson core that performs a transition from spherical to oblate shapes varying a control parameter in the boson Hamiltonian. The aim of this work is to see the effect of the coupling of the unpaired fermion on the transition, to understand how the coupled single particle modifies the geometric shape of the system and how each of the odd states behaves when the boson core shifts along the transitional path.Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey BIDEB-2224AMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad FIS2011-28738- c02-01, CSD2007-00042Junta de Andalucía FQM160, P11-FQM-763

Quantum shape phase transitions from spherical to deformed for Bose-Fermi systems: the effect of the odd particle around the critical point

Quantum phase transitions in odd-nuclei are investigated within the framework of the interacting boson-fermion model with a description based on the concept of intrinsic states. We consider the case of a single j=9/2 odd-particle coupled to an even-even boson core that performs a transition from spherical to deformed prolate and to deformed gamma-unstable shapes varying a control parameter in the boson Hamiltonian. The effect of the coupling of the odd particle to this core is discussed along the shape transition and, in particular, at the critical poin

Quantum phase transitions in Bose-Fermi systems

Quantum phase transitions in a system of N bosons with angular momentum L=0,2 (s,d) and a single fermion with angular momentum j are investigated both classically and quantum mechanically. It is shown that the presence of the odd fermion strongly influences the location and nature of the phase transition, especially the critical value of the control parameter at which the phase transition occurs. Experimental evidence for the U(5)-SU(3) (spherical to axially-deformed) transition in odd-even nuclei is presented.Comment: 38 pages, 29 figure

B12Hn and B12Fn: planar vs icosahedral structures

Using density functional theory and quantum Monte Carlo calculations, we show that B12Hn and B12Fn (n = 0 to 4) quasi-planar structures are energetically more favorable than the corresponding icosahedral clusters. Moreover, we show that the fully planar B12F6 cluster is more stable than the three-dimensional counterpart. These results open up the possibility of designing larger boron-based nanostructures starting from quasi-planar or fully planar building blocks

Applications of Interacting Boson Model-1 to Even-Even Nuclei

Bu çalışmanın amacı, çift-çift çekirdeklerin bazı nükleer özellikleri için etkileşen bozon model-1'in (IBM-1) hesaplamalarını sunmaktır. IBM-1, nükleer yapı çalışmalarında faydalı bir modeldir ve özellikle nükleer kararlılık eğrisinin orta ve ağır kütle bölgesinde, belirli çekirdeklerin nükleer yapısını tanımlamak için oldukça başarılıdır. Bu model grup teori üzerine kurulmuştur, s ve d bozon bileşenleri nedeniyle altı boyutlu uzayda tanımlanır. Bu model grup yapısı üniter U(6) grubu üzerine kurulmuştur. Bu grubun mümkün üç alt grubu vardır. Bunlar, U(5), SU(3), O(6) alt grupları olup dinamik simetriler olarak adlandırılır. Her dinamik simetri, incelenen nükleer çekirdeğe karşılık gelen geometri ile ilişkilidir. U(5) küresel çekirdeklere, SU(3) simetrisi iyi deforme (prolate veya oblate) olmuş çekirdeklere, O(6) γ-kararsız çekirdekler karşılık gelir. Bu çalışmada, A~100 kütle bölgesindeki model uygulamalarının sonuçları verilmiştir. Bu kapsamda, Cd, Pd, Ru, Mo ve Zr çekirdeklerinin enerji seviyeleri, B(E2) değerleri ve potansiyel enerji yüzeyleri gibi bazı nükleer yapı özellikleri sunulacaktır. Bu uygulamalar çerçevesinde, enerji seviyelerini hesaplamak için model Hamiltonyeninin parametrizasyonu yapılmıştır. B(E2) değerleri, kuadrupol geçiş işlemcisi kullanılarak hesaplanmıştır. İncelenen çekirdeklerin geometrik şekilleri, geometrik kollektif modelde tanımlanan (β, γ) deformasyon parametrelerinin bir fonksiyonu olarak potansiyel enerji yüzeyleri çizilerek tahmin edilmiştir.The aim of this study is to present the calculations of the interacting boson model-1 (IBM-1) for some nuclear collective properties of even-even nuclei. The IBM-1 model is useful tool in nuclear structure studies and quite successful to describe the nuclear structure of given nuclei, especially in the mid and heavy mass region of nuclear chart. This model is a group theoretical approach and defined by a six-dimensional space because of the necessary components (s and d bosons). The group structure of this model is discussed within the unitary group U(6). This group has three possible subgroups; U(5), SU(3), O(6) called as dynamical symmetries. Each dynamical symmetry has a corresponding geometrical relationship of given nucleus. The U(5) corresponds to spherical nuclei, the SU(3) symmetry is related to well deformed nuclei (prolate or oblate), O(6) is responsible to γ-unstable nuclei., For this study, the results of model applications will be presented for some nuclear structure properties such as energy levels, B(E2) values, and potential energy surfaces for Cd, Pd, Ru, Mo, Zr nuclei in the A~100 mass region. For these applications, the parametrization of model Hamiltonian was performed to calculate the energy levels. The B(E2) values were calculated by using the quadrupole transition operator. The geometric shapes of the given nuclei were predicted by plotting the potential energy surfaces as a function of deformation parameters (β, γ) having the common role in geometric collective model

Tek -A'lı Çekirdeklerin Kuantum Şekil-Faz Değişimlerinin İncelenmesi

Proje özeti girilmemiştir

The investigation of multipolarities of transitions and the structure of the exited states of some even-odd nuclei in the 150?a?190 deformed region

YÖK Tez ID: 258956Bu çalışmada, kararlılık eğrisinin 150<=A<=190 deforme bölgesinde bulunan çift-tek 177Os, 175W, 173Hf, 171Yb, 169Er, 167Dy ve 165Gd çekirdekleri incelenmiştir. Tek-A `lı çekirdekleri için ortaya konan etkileşen bozon fermiyon modeli bu çekirdeklere uygulanmıştır. Etkileşen bozon fermiyon modelinin geliştirilmiş bir uygulaması olan U(6/12) süper simetrilerine göre uygun hamiltonyen oluşturulmuştur. Öncelikle, gerekli hamiltonyen parametreleri elde edilerek, çekirdeklerin enerji düzeyleri hesaplanıp spektrumları oluşturulmuştur. Sonra, düzeyler arasında meydana gelen elektromanyetik geçişlerin geçiş olasılıkları; B(E2), B(M1) değerleri, karışım oranları; kuadrupol momentler ve manyetik momentler hesaplanmış deneysel veriler ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Sonuçların uyumlu olduğu gözlemlenmiştir.In this study, even-odd 177Os, 175W, 173Hf, 171Yb, 169Er, 167Dy and 165Gd nuclei, the 150<=A<=190 deformed region of the stable line, were investigated. The interacting boson fermion model, established for odd-A nuclei, was applied to these nuclei. For the U(6/12) supersymmetries, the developed application of interacting boson fermion model, a suitable hamiltonian was constructed. Initially, essential parameters of hamiltonian are obtained and energy levels were calculated and spectrums of each nuclei were constructed. Then, for the electromagnetic transitions, transition probabilities; B(E2), B(M1) values, mixing ratios; quadrupole moments and magnetic moments for these nuclei were calculated and compared with the experimental data . It is shown that they are in good agreement