236 research outputs found

    Deux curiositĂ©s historiques : l’hĂŽpital civil et les cellules de Compostelle de l’asile d’aliĂ©nĂ©s de Cadillac

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    International audienceEn 1617, le premier duc d'Épernon fonda l'hĂŽpital de Cadillac et lui donna son autonomie financiĂšre Ă  deux conditions: 1) garder douze lits pour soigner gratuitement les malades des environs; 1) garder six lits pour hĂ©berger gratuitement les voyageurs et pĂšlerins de Saint-Jacques de Compostelle pendant une ou deux nuits. Cet "hĂŽpital civil" sera Ă  l'origine de l'asile d'aliĂ©nĂ©s de Cadillac dont il deviendra une "annexe". Jusqu'Ă  sa fermeture dĂ©but 1972, il gardera sa fonction initiale de soins de mĂ©decine gĂ©nĂ©rale. En revanche, il reste toujours Ă  l'heure actuelle deux cellules sur les six rĂ©servĂ©es aux voyageurs et pĂšlerins de Compostelle. Ainsi, depuis presque quatre siĂšcles, le centre hospitalier de Cadillac respecte la tradition d'accueil ordonnĂ©e par son fondateur

    Marseille : carrefour, agora ou no man’s land des mobilisations politiques et sociales pour les AlgĂ©riens ?

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    Interface privilĂ©giĂ©e entre empire et mĂ©tropole, la ville de Marseille constitue, de 1945 Ă  1954, un observatoire exceptionnel d’analyse de la place occupĂ©e par les AlgĂ©riens dans les mouvements sociaux. Profitant dans la citĂ© phocĂ©enne d’un contexte politique et social a priori propice Ă  l’action collective, les AlgĂ©riens parviennent-ils pour autant Ă  investir l’espace public, Ă  se l’approprier pour le placer au service de leurs revendications politiques, Ă©conomiques et sociales ? Aux cĂŽtĂ©s des ressources traditionnellement utilisĂ©es par l’historien, les outils de la gĂ©ographie s’avĂšrent indispensables pour saisir les formes et les ressorts de mobilisations sociopolitiques fluctuantes, Ă  l’échelle du territoire marseillais.Privileged interface between empire and metropolis, from 1945 to 1954, the city of Marseille represents a remarkable observatory of analysis in the role played by the Algerians in the social struggles. Taking advantage of the Phocaean city political ecosystem, in theory propitious to the collective action, to what extent the Algerians manage to invest and appropriate the public space in order to use it at the service of their political, economic and social demands? Besides the resources traditionally used by the historian, the tools of geography are essential to analyse the forms and the explanations of fluctuating sociopolitical mobilizations across the territory of Marseille

    Jouer le documentaire

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    Certains webdocumentaires sont Ă©galement qualifiĂ©s de jeux documentaires par leurs crĂ©ateurs. Cet article a pour objet d’analyser les particularitĂ©s de ce genre et de s’interroger sur la pertinence de la rencontre entre le jeu et le documentaire. A cette fin, dans un premier temps, nous soumettons un corpus de jeux documentaires Ă  une analyse sĂ©mio-pragmatique en portant notre attention sur les marqueurs ludiques prĂ©sents dans ces productions. L’analyse de ces Ă©lĂ©ments nous permet de caractĂ©riser diverses formes de jeux documentaires en fonction de la mise en jeu de l’internaute, de la structure du programme et de sa finalitĂ©. Dans un second temps, nous confrontons un jeu documentaire Ă  un public, dans le cadre d’une enquĂȘte ethnomĂ©thodologique. Les rĂ©sultats font ressortir les difficultĂ©s de la perception ludique et conduisent Ă  interroger la complexitĂ© des dĂ©terminants ludiques dans leur dimension tant subjective que sociale.Some of webdocumentaries are also called documentary games by their makers . This article aims at analyzing the particularities of this kind of webdocumentaries and at wondering whether such an association between the game and the documentary is relevant. To this end, we first apply documentary game collection to a semio-pragmatic analysis, directing our attention to the recreational triggers found out in these productions. This analysis allows us to characterize different kinds of documentary games according to the web surfer’s commitment, the structure of the programme and its purpose. Secondly, within the framework of an ethnomothological investigation, we confront a documentary game to an audience. The results highlight the difficulties perceiving the recreational aspect, and lead to wonder about the complexity of the fun in computer games as well in its subjective dimensions as in its social ones

    Cell origin and niche availability dictate the capacity of peritoneal macrophages to colonize the cavity and omentum

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    The relationship between macrophages of the peritoneal cavity and the adjacent omentum remains poorly understood. Here, we describe two populations of omental macrophages distinguished by CD102 expression and use an adoptive cell transfer approach to investigate whether these arise from peritoneal macrophages, and whether this depends upon inflammatory status, the origin of peritoneal macrophages and availability of the omental niches. We show that whereas established resident peritoneal macrophages largely fail to migrate to the omentum, monocyte-derived resident cells readily migrate and form a substantial component of omental CD102(+) macrophages in the months following resolution of peritoneal inflammation. In contrast, both populations had the capacity to migrate to the omentum in the absence of endogenous peritoneal and omental macrophages. However, inflammatory macrophages expanded more effectively and more efficiently repopulated both CD102(+) and CD102(−) omental populations, whereas established resident macrophages partially reconstituted the omental niche via recruitment of monocytes. Hence, cell origin determines the migration of peritoneal macrophages to the omentum and predisposes established resident macrophages to drive infiltration of monocyte-derived cells

    La demande du tiers et la validitĂ© de l’hospitalisation Ă  la demande d’un tiers : mise en Ɠuvre de l’hospitalisation

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    International audienceCas clinique assorti d'une recherche bibliographique et documentaire axée sur la jurisprudence en matiÚre de recours contre les hospitalisations à la demande d'un tiers (HDT) du fait des conditions de l'admission, la présente étude analyse les caractéristiques de la demande de tiers validant ou invalidant la demande d'HDT et, par voie de conséquence, l'admission du patient sous ce mode d'hospitalisation sous contrainte

    Syndrome de Klinefelter, Ă©rotomanie dĂ©lirante et harcĂšlement sexuel : l’influence du traitement hormonal. À propos d’une observation originale

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    International audienceÀ partir d'une observation clinique constituĂ©e sur la base d'une expertise psychiatrique prĂ©sentencielle, nous avons Ă©tudiĂ© les rapports entre le syndrome de Klinefelter et les troubles psychiatriques, ainsi que leurs consĂ©quences mĂ©dico-lĂ©gales. Cette observation nous permet, d'une part, de poser le double problĂšme de la violence et des anomalies gĂ©nĂ©tiques, et, d'autre part, celui de l'agressivitĂ© et des traitements hormonaux Ă  base d'androgĂšnes, sous l'angle particulier des troubles psychotiques Ă©rotomaniaques de notre patient. Ces rĂ©flexions nous permettent de recommander la mise en place d'une mesure d'injonction de soins

    Discernement, lucidité, conscience et insight en psychopathologie et en pratique expertale

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    International audienceInsight is a polysemic word coming from the English language. It has been used for a long time by psychoanalysts and from now on in clinical psychiatry. The insight rating scales explore diverse aspects of the awareness of having a mental disorder and the need to be treated. For many decades, meetings and publications on this topic can be found in the (cf. the meeting of March 2002). The new trends try to fragment and quantify the diverse dimensions of consciousness, awareness and insight. To be rigorous insight should be defined by the items, the score, and types of such or such rating scale. French psychiatric experts are required by legal regulations to assess the discernment ("discernement") of indicted persons (offence and crime) (article 122-1 of Code penal). Otherwise insight rating scales are useful for diagnosis, follow up, and to improve therapeutic alliance and compliance

    Stromal Cells Covering Omental Fat-Associated Lymphoid Clusters Trigger Formation of Neutrophil Aggregates to Capture Peritoneal Contaminants

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    The omentum is a visceral adipose tissue rich in fat-associated lymphoid clusters (FALCs) that collects peritoneal contaminants and provides a first layer of immunological defense within the abdomen. Here, we investigated the mechanisms that mediate the capture of peritoneal contaminants during peritonitis. Single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial analysis of omental stromal cells revealed that the surface of FALCs were covered by CXCL1+ mesothelial cells, which we termed FALC cover cells. Blockade of CXCL1 inhibited the recruitment and aggregation of neutrophils at FALCs during zymosan-induced peritonitis. Inhibition of protein arginine deiminase 4, an enzyme important for the release of neutrophil extracellular traps, abolished neutrophil aggregation and the capture of peritoneal contaminants by omental FALCs. Analysis of omental samples from patients with acute appendicitis confirmed neutrophil recruitment and bacterial capture at FALCs. Thus, specialized omental mesothelial cells coordinate the recruitment and aggregation of neutrophils to capture peritoneal contaminants
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