ANALYSE ET VISUALISATION DES RESEAUX CRIMINELS

Les modes opératoires des groupes criminels se livrant à des faits de traite des êtres humains sont complexes et reposent sur des pratiques diverses : fabrication et mise en circulation de faux documents, violation des règles migratoires, détournement de la demande d’asile, fraude aux prestations sociales, circulation, transfert et blanchiment de fonds issus de l’activité criminelle, violences et limitation de la liberté d’aller et de venue des victimes. Ces modes opératoires évoluent en permanence vers une plus grande clandestinité : développement de « sex tours » organisés depuis l’étranger, organisation de la prostitution au sein d’établissements déclarés (salon de massage chinois,…) et disparition du racolage de rue au profit d’internet. En France, rares sont les recherches fondamentales ou opérationnelles portant sur le mode opératoire de groupes se livrant à des faits de traite quels qu’ils soient. La recherche AVRES revêt alors un double objectif fondamental et appliqué, le deuxième découlant du premier : étendre la connaissance académique et la compréhension des réseaux criminels liés à la traite des êtres humains en s’appuyant sur une analyse empirique de ces derniers et ainsi apporter un éclairage le plus objectif possible à la décision judiciaire. La méthodologie élaborée consiste à aborder la traite des êtres humains comme un objet relationnel complexe dont la logique organisationnelle ne se réduit pas aux tâches réalisées, ni aux rôles associés, classiquement étudiés. Elle implique de travailler simultanément sur les éléments personnels et identitaires de l’individu, mais aussi sur les liens qu’il entretient avec les autres acteurs du réseau. En effet, nous faisons ici l’hypothèse selon laquelle la place d’un individu ne repose pas uniquement, comme on pourrait s’y attendre, sur son rôle au sein de l’activité criminelle mais également sur les éléments identitaires qui le caractérisent ainsi que sur sa position structurale au sein du réseau. Pour mener à terme ce projet, et eu égard à la quantité et à la complexité des données, un outil informatique spécifique a été élaboré

Immune Reconstitution following Myeloablative Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: The Impact of Expanding CD28negative CD8+ T Cells on Relapse

AbstractAllogeneic stem cell transplantation has become standard therapy for hematologic malignancies through the positive immunologic graft-versus-leukemia effect. Initial immune recovery relies on peripheral expansion of infused T cells, which switch to a memory-like phenotype. This study prospectively investigated whether changes in subset composition precedes complications after myeloablative HLA-matched transplantation for hematologic malignancies. Of 80 allograft recipients, 18 were still free of clinical complication throughout 395 to 1564 days of follow-up. Compared with this complication-free subgroup, patients who developed chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) without relapsing recovered similar numbers of circulating T cells with predominance of CD8+ T cells lacking CC-chemokine receptor-7 and CD28 expression throughout the first year after transplantation. Conversely, poor CD8+ T cell recovery with diminished numbers of CD28neg CD8+ T cells (∼1/4th of that of relapse-free patients) preceded occurrence of malignant relapse. In multivariate analysis, lower CD28neg CD8+ T cell counts by day 60 postallograft were associated with a greater risk of subsequent relapse (hazard ratio [HR] 0.33; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.14-0.76; P = .01). Enumeration of CD28neg CD8+ T cells in patients could assist in predicting risk of relapse and help build an algorithm for accelerating the immune recovery by reducing the immunosuppressive treatment and considering the introduction of preemptive donor lymphocyte infusions

Prognostic Significance of New Immunohistochemical Markers in Refractory Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Study of 59 Cases

Although most classical Hodgkin lymphoma patients are cured, a significant minority fail after primary therapy and may die as result of their disease. To date, there is no consensus on biological markers that add value to usual parameters (which comprise the International Prognostic Score) used at diagnosis to predict outcome. We evaluated 59 patients (18 with primary refractory or early relapse disease and 41 responders) for bcl2, Ki67, CD20, TiA1 and c-kit expression by semi-quantitative immunohistochemical study and correlated the results with the response to treatment

Chemical ordering in bimetallic FeCo nanoparticles: From a direct chemical synthesis to application as efficient high-frequency magnetic material

Single-crystalline FeCo nanoparticles with tunable size and shape were prepared by co-decomposing two metal-amide precursors under mild conditions. The nature of the ligands introduced in this organometallic synthesis drastically affects the reactivity of the precursors and, thus, the chemical distribution within the nanoparticles. The presence of the B2 short-range order was evidenced in FeCo nanoparticles prepared in the presence of HDAHCl ligands, combining 57Fe Mössbauer, zero-field 59Co ferromagnetic nuclear resonance (FNR), and X-ray diffraction studies. This is the first time that the B2 structure is directly formed during synthesis without the need of any annealing step. The as-prepared nanoparticles exhibit magnetic properties comparable with the ones for the bulk (Ms = 226 Am2·kg¿1). Composite magnetic materials prepared from these FeCo nanoparticles led to a successful proof-of-concept of the integration on inductor-based filters (27% enhancement of the inductance value at 100 MHz).This work was performed in the frame of TOURS 2015, and the project was supported by the French “Programme de l’économie numérique des Investissements d’Avenir”. We gratefully acknowledge the International Associated Laboratory (LIA)-M2OZART for financial support. Some of the HR-STEM and EELS studies were conducted at the Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas, Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragon, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain. R.A. gratefully acknowledges the support from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) through project MAT2016-79776-P (AEF/FEDER. UE). In IPCMS Strasbourg, the work was supported by the CNRS LIA “NANOFUNC” and the LABEX NIE (no. ANR-11-LABX-0058_NIE)

Busulfan/Fludarabine- or Treosulfan/Fludarabine-Based Conditioning Regimen for Patients with Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome – an EBMT Inborn Errors Working Party and Scetide Study

Introduction Excellent survival rates have been reported after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) patients. Recipient age >5 years in MUD HSCT as well as MMFD as donor were negative predictors for outcome. However, the vast majority of HSCTs in previously published studies were performed with (oral) busulfan/cyclophosphamide-based conditioning and in the early 2000 years or before. Objectives To compare OS and EFS after HSCT with either busulfan/fludarabine (BuFlu) ± thiotepa (TT) or treosulfan/fludarabine (TreoFlu) ± TT as recommended for primary immunodeficiencies since 2005 by the inborn errors working party (IEWP) of EBMT and ESID. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis via the EBMT and SCETIDE registries of WAS patients transplanted between 20006 and 2016 with these two regimens. At the time of this interim analysis, 174 patients were included, 92 (53%) with BuFlu±TT and 82 (47%) with TreoFlu±TT conditioning, with a median age of 1.6 years (0.2-30) at HSCT and a median follow-up of 32.9 months (1.5-128.9). Donors were MSD in 30, other MRD in 5, MUD (9/10 or 10/10) in 105, MMUD ( Results Two year overall survival (OS) of the entire cohort was 88.6% (95% c.i. 83.5%-93.6%). There was no significant difference in OS between BuFlu±TT or TreoFlu±TT conditioning (2-year OS 88.1% vs. 89.5%; p=0.7). Patients aged >5 years had a worse OS as compared to those 5 years or younger at HSCT (74.9% vs. 90.8%; p=0.005). The type of donor had no influence on OS: 96.4% for MSD/MFD, 86.8% for MUD/MMUD and 87.7% for MMFD (p=0.4). The rate of complete (≥90%) donor chimerism at last follow-up or before a secondary procedure (if a patient had one) was 41/42 (98%) in the BuFlu±TT group and 21/35 (60%) in the TreoFlu±TT group (p=0.0001). Twenty-six patients required a second procedure: stem cell boost in 4, donor lymphocyte infusion in 9, 2nd HSCT in 15 and splenectomy in 1. The 2-year cumulative incidence (CI) of second procedures was higher at 33.9% in the TreoFlu±TT versus 12.8% in the BuFlu±TT group (p=0.017), and 2-year EFS (events: second procedure or death) was 61.4% in the TreoFlu±TT and 75.0% in the BuFlu±TT group (p=0.2). Grade II-IV acute GVHD had the same incidence in both groups (24.4% vs. 26.3%; p=0.849) and chronic GVHD of any grade was borderline more frequent in the TreoFlu±TT group (17.2% vs 6.7%; p=0.054). Conclusion HSCT with either BuFlu±TT or TreoFlu±TT conditioning reliably cures almost 90% of patients with WAS regardless of donor type. Age >5 years at HSCT remains a negative risk factor. More patients were mixed chimeras and required second procedures after TreoFlu±TT than after BuFlu±TT conditioning. These data confirm the feasibility and efficacy of the regimens currently recommended by the IEWP

Association of Genetic Markers with CSF Oligoclonal Bands in Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Objective:to explore the association between genetic markers and Oligoclonal Bands (OCB) in the Cerebro Spinal Fluid (CSF) of Italian Multiple Sclerosis patients.Methods:We genotyped 1115 Italian patients for HLA-DRB1*15 and HLA-A*02. In a subset of 925 patients we tested association with 52 non-HLA SNPs associated with MS susceptibility and we calculated a weighted Genetic Risk Score. Finally, we performed a Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) with OCB status on a subset of 562 patients. The best associated SNPs of the Italian GWAS were replicated in silico in Scandinavian and Belgian populations, and meta-analyzed.Results:HLA-DRB1*15 is associated with OCB+: p = 0.03, Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.6, 95% Confidence Limits (CL) = 1.1-2.4. None of the 52 non-HLA MS susceptibility loci was associated with OCB, except one SNP (rs2546890) near IL12B gene (OR: 1.45; 1.09-1.92). The weighted Genetic Risk Score mean was significantly (p = 0.0008) higher in OCB+ (7.668) than in OCB- (7.412) patients. After meta-analysis on the three datasets (Italian, Scandinavian and Belgian) for the best associated signals resulted from the Italian GWAS, the strongest signal was a SNP (rs9320598) on chromosome 6q (p = 9.4×10-7) outside the HLA region (65 Mb).Discussion:genetic factors predispose to the development of OCB

Introduction of SARS in France, March–April, 2003

We describe severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in France. Patients meeting the World Health Organization definition of a suspected case underwent a clinical, radiologic, and biologic assessment at the closest university-affiliated infectious disease ward. Suspected cases were immediately reported to the Institut de Veille Sanitaire. Probable case-patients were isolated, their contacts quarantined at home, and were followed for 10 days after exposure. Five probable cases occurred from March through April 2003; four were confirmed as SARS coronavirus by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction, serologic testing, or both. The index case-patient (patient A), who had worked in the French hospital of Hanoi, Vietnam, was the most probable source of transmission for the three other confirmed cases; two had been exposed to patient A while on the Hanoi-Paris flight of March 22–23. Timely detection, isolation of probable cases, and quarantine of their contacts appear to have been effective in preventing the secondary spread of SARS in France

Efficacy of the Janus kinase 1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib in the treatment of vasculopathy associated with TMEM173-activating mutations in 3 children

International audienc