Tensile strain hardening of a metakaolin based fibre reinforced composite

Portland cement concrete is the most used building material in the world. However, its manufacture is energy-intensive and it is susceptible to harsh environments. Alternative binder systems without ordinary Portland cement, such as geopolymers or alkali-activated materials, are recently new in the Civil Engineered world. These alternative binder systems seek, among other characteristics, improved durability and environmental efficiency. The attaining of strain hardening and multiple cracking typical of Strain Hardening Cementitious Composites (SHCC) using these alternative binder systems is very attractive from a conceptual point of view, since additional endurance to certain harsh or extreme environments, as well as enhanced durability, are usually expected as two of the main outcomes. In the present work, the behaviour of two different composites was studied: an existing Engineered Cementitious Composite (ECC) and a new composite based on an alternative binder prepared with metakaolin. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibres were used in both materials. A series of experiments, including compressive and direct tensile testing were carried out to characterize and compare the mechanical properties of both materials. The results showed that the alternative binder composite, when subjected to uniaxial tension, developed multiple cracks at steadily increasing tensile stress and strain, which is also typical of ECCs showing strain hardening behaviour. The development of fibre reinforced geopolymer or alkali-activated materials showing strain hardening ability in tension may still be considered as a novel research topic, with great potential for creating new and interesting developments for Civil Engineering and structural applications, particularly the ones subjected to harsh environments

Evaluation of microplastic and marine debris on the beaches of Niterói Oceanic Region, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil

The characterization of microplastics helps to improve sustainable management practices in aquatic ecosystems impacted by plastic litter. Plastic litter and microplastics from four ocean beaches in the Niterói municipality was evaluated in winter and summer. The collection and preparation of microplastic sample procedures followed on the protocol developed by the RLA7025 Project of the International Atomic Energy Agency. Marine debris followed to the United Nations Environment Program protocol. The polymer was characterized by ATR-FTIR technique.The Clean Coast Index was used to determine the degree of dirt on the beaches. Polyethylene (43%) and Polystyrene (52%) were the most abundant microplastics. The plastic is the most abundant category; representing 85% in winter and 73% in summer.The main sources are related to the consumption of drinks and food. These results emphasize the importance of reverse logistics and the value chain for packaging material and the need for effective actions managing solid waste.The characterization of microplastics helps to improve sustainable management practices in aquatic ecosystems impacted by plastic litter. Plastic litter and microplastics from four ocean beaches in the Niterói municipality was evaluated in winter and summer. The collection and preparation of microplastic sample procedures followed on the protocol developed by the RLA7025 Project of the International Atomic Energy Agency. Marine debris followed to the United Nations Environment Program protocol. The polymer was characterized by ATR-FTIR technique.The Clean Coast Index was used to determine the degree of dirt on the beaches. Polyethylene (43%) and Polystyrene (52%) were the most abundant microplastics. The plastic is the most abundant category; representing 85% in winter and 73% in summer.The main sources are related to the consumption of drinks and food. These results emphasize the importance of reverse logistics and the value chain for packaging material and the need for effective actions managing solid waste

O pet-educação no contexto da formação acadêmica: as licenciaturas em evidência

The extracurricular training during graduation is a factor of extreme importance for the amplification of the experiences of the student during his academic life. Some existing programs in the university, such as the Education Program Tutorial -PET, for example, allow the student experiences with this training that goes beyond what is covered in the courses of the courses. Following the prerogative of the Tutorial Education Program (PET) at the national level, the PET-EDUCAÇÃO of the Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), campus Florestal, works to cover undergraduate courses of the campus to which it belongs, but focusing on teacher education. In this sense, this study aimed to obtain information about the perceptions of contribution of PET-Educação to the academic education of campus Florestal/UFV undergraduate students. Through the application of a semi-structured questionnaire, it was evident that PET-EDUCATION is known by the undergraduates of the campus in question, but not all of them participate in their activities, mainly due to lack of time. The program makes a notable contribution to the training of undergraduates, especially teacher degree students.La formación extracurricular durante la graduación es un factor de extrema importancia para la ampliación de las vivencias del estudiante durante su vida académica. Algunos programas existentes en la universidad, como el Programa de Educación Tutorial - PET, por ejemplo, posibilitan al alumno experiencias con esa formación que va más allá de lo que se aborda en las disciplinas de los cursos. El PET-EDUCACIÓN de la Universidad Federal de Viçosa (UFV), campus Forestal, trabaja para abarcar los cursos de graduación del campus al que pertenece, pero teniendo como foco principal las licenciaturas, siguiendo la prerrogativa PET a nivel nacional. En este sentido, este estudio objetivó la obtención de informaciones sobre cuál la contribución del grupo PET-EDUCACIÓN para la formación académica de los alumnos del campus Forestal / UFV, en sus percepciones. Por medio de la aplicación de cuestionarios semiestructurados, quedó evidente que el PET-EDUCACIÓN es conocido por los graduandos del campus en cuestión, pero que no todos éstos participan de sus actividades, principalmente debido a la falta de tiempo. El programa ejerce una notable contribución a la formación de los graduados, en particular de los estudiantes de las licenciaturas.A formação extracurricular durante a graduação é um fator de extrema importância para a ampliação das vivências do estudante durante a sua vida acadêmica. Alguns programas existentes na universidade, como o Programa de Educação Tutorial –PET, por exemplo, possibiltam ao aluno experiências com essa formação, que vai além do que é abordado nas disciplinas dos cursos. Seguindo a prerrogativa PET em nível nacional, o PET-EDUCAÇÃO da Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), campus Florestal, trabalha visando abranger os cursos de graduação do campus a que pertence, mas tendo como foco principal as licenciaturas. Nesse sentido, esse estudo objetivou a obtenção de informações sobre qual a contribuição do grupo PET-EDUCAÇÃO para a formação acadêmica dos alunos do campus Florestal/UFV, em suas percepções. Por meio da aplicação de questionário semiestruturados, ficou evidente que o PET-EDUCAÇÃO é conhecido pelos graduandos do campus em questão, mas que nem todos estes participam de suas atividades, principalmente devido à falta de tempo. O programa exerce uma notável contribuição para a formação dos graduandos, em especial dos estudantes das licenciaturas

ANÁLISE DA INFLUÊNCIA DA HIPERTENSÃO ARTERIAL SISTÊMICA E DA INSUFICIÊNCIA CARDÍACA NO AGRAVO DO QUADRO CLÍNICO DE PACIENTES COM DOENÇA RENAL CRÔNICA: uma revisão de literatura

Introduction: systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) and heart failure, epidemiologically, are diseases that model consequences for other systems of the human body, for example chronic kidney disease (CKD). The development of this appears to be a social consequence of lack of knowledge, as its secondary outcomes are controllable and treatable. Countries like Brazil have exorbitant expenses when it comes to financing dialysis and transplant procedures, with an increase in these numbers, especially in young patients decompensated for their underlying diseases. The objective of this work is to observe the incidence in the literature of SAH and heart failure in patients related to the worsening of CKD. Methodology: descriptive study in narrative review, which seeks to answer the PICO acromion “What is the influence of systemic arterial hypertension and heart failure on the worsening of the clinical condition of patients with chronic kidney disease? ”. Discussion: CKD's pathophysiology is the loss of kidney function, where they lose functionality and destroy their specific cells, resulting in the inability to maintain metabolic balance. It proves to be a problem of public responsibility, where more and more deaths in the population are reported. The main risk factors for CKD are highly prevalent chronic diseases such as hypertension and heart failure, the first being the most described in the literature as a triggering factor. Thus resulting in worsening of renal function laboratory results, resulting in chronic kidney injury (CRF). Results: Analyzing the databases, articles in the last 10 years were observed, where 38.6% had the descriptors systemic arterial hypertension and heart failure, describing them as their main secondary outcome. Conclusion: to the scientific society, it contributes summarized and updated indexes reporting the relationship between these precursor pathologies. To society, it informs the problem and a way to inform the patient about their health condition and better understanding.Introdução: hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) e Insuficiência cardíaca, epidemiologicamente são doenças modeladoras de consequências a outros sistemas do corpo humano, por exemplo a doença renal crônica (DRC). O desenvolvimento desta mostra-se como consequência social a falta de conhecimento, pois seus desfechos secundários são controláveis e tratáveis. Países como o Brasil, possuem gastos exorbitantes quando ao custeio de procedimentos de diálise e transplante, sendo observado uma crescente nestes números, principalmente em pacientes jovens descompensados das doenças de base. O objetivo deste trabalho são observar a incidência na literatura, sobre a HAS e insuficiência cardíaca em pacientes relacionadas ao agravo da DRC. Metodologia: estudo descritivo em revisão de narrativa, que procura responder ao acrômio PICO “Qual é a influência da hipertensão arterial sistêmica e da insuficiência cardíaca no agravo do quadro clínico de pacientes com doença renal crônica? ”. Discussão: DRC tem como fisiopatologia a perda da função renal, onde estes perdem a funcionalidade e destroem suas células especificas, resultando na incapacidade em manter o equilíbrio metabólico. Mostra-se uma mazela de responsabilidade pública, onde cada vez mais relados de morte na população são relatados. Os principais fatores de risco para a DRC são doenças crônicas de alta prevalência como HAS e insuficiência cardíaca, sendo a primeira a mais descrita na literatura como fator desencadeante. Assim resultando na piora dos resultados laboratoriais de função renal, resultando em uma injúria renal crônica (IRC). Resultados: Analisando as bases de dados, foi observado artigos nos últimos 10 anos, onde 38,6% tinham os descritores hipertensão Arterial sistêmica e insuficiência cardíaca, descrevendo como seu principal desfecho secundário. Conclusão: à sociedade científica, contribui com índices resumidos e atualizados relatando a relação entre estas patologias precursoras. À sociedade, informa sua problemática e uma maneira em informar o paciente sobre a sua condição de saúde e melhor compreensão

Outcomes from elective colorectal cancer surgery during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

This study aimed to describe the change in surgical practice and the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on mortality after surgical resection of colorectal cancer during the initial phases of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

ATLANTIC-PRIMATES: a dataset of communities and occurrences of primates in the Atlantic Forests of South America

Primates play an important role in ecosystem functioning and offer critical insights into human evolution, biology, behavior, and emerging infectious diseases. There are 26 primate species in the Atlantic Forests of South America, 19 of them endemic. We compiled a dataset of 5,472 georeferenced locations of 26 native and 1 introduced primate species, as hybrids in the genera Callithrix and Alouatta. The dataset includes 700 primate communities, 8,121 single species occurrences and 714 estimates of primate population sizes, covering most natural forest types of the tropical and subtropical Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina and some other biomes. On average, primate communities of the Atlantic Forest harbor 2 ± 1 species (range = 1–6). However, about 40% of primate communities contain only one species. Alouatta guariba (N = 2,188 records) and Sapajus nigritus (N = 1,127) were the species with the most records. Callicebus barbarabrownae (N = 35), Leontopithecus caissara (N = 38), and Sapajus libidinosus (N = 41) were the species with the least records. Recorded primate densities varied from 0.004 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta guariba at Fragmento do Bugre, Paraná, Brazil) to 400 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta caraya in Santiago, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil). Our dataset reflects disparity between the numerous primate census conducted in the Atlantic Forest, in contrast to the scarcity of estimates of population sizes and densities. With these data, researchers can develop different macroecological and regional level studies, focusing on communities, populations, species co-occurrence and distribution patterns. Moreover, the data can also be used to assess the consequences of fragmentation, defaunation, and disease outbreaks on different ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, species invasion or extinction, and community dynamics. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this Data Paper when the data are used in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using the data. © 2018 by the The Authors. Ecology © 2018 The Ecological Society of Americ

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

Impact of socioeconomic factors, lifestyle and nutrition in excessive weight gain during pregnancy and postpartum

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:29:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao de mestrado barbara miranda ferreira.pdf: 429667 bytes, checksum: d95226fbacb3328ed858bfd9c2fdc8cd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-12The excessive gestational weight gain can cause harmful consequences for both the mother and for the fetus. Nutritional, lifestyle, economic and social factors can affect the weight gain above recommendations. Objectives: To evaluate the nutritional (caloric intake, macro and micronutrients), lifestyle (smoking, physical activity, reproductive behavior) and economic (income) factors associated with the excessive weight gain in eutrophic pregnant women. Methods: This case-control study included 200 low-risk pregnant women in 2 public obstetric hospitals in Goiás, Brazil. The women that agreed to this study were divided in 2 groups: cases with excessive weight gain (> 16Kg) and controls within the recommended weight gain for eutrophic pregnant (11.50 16Kg) e controles com ganho de peso dentro do recomendado (11,50 < a < 16Kg), pareados por idade. As mulheres foram entrevistadas com relação ao seu consumo alimentar durante o período gestacional através de um questionário quantitativo e qualitativo de frequência de consumo alimentar validado e adaptado à população regional de baixa renda. Elas também foram questionadas sobre sua condição econômica e de estilo de vida. A análise estatística foi realizada através do programa SPSS, versão 17.0. Foram aplicados os testes de Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Fisher, t de Student, qui-quadrado (x²), odds ratio (IC 95%), Mann-Whitney, coeficiente de correlação de Spearman e regressão linear multivariada. Resultados: A mediana da idade das pacientes foi 25,00 (22,00-29,00) anos para os casos e 24,00 (22,00-28,00) anos para os controles (p=0,52). A renda per capita foi de R$303,75 (225,60-500,00) para casos e R$ 333,33 (175,00-480,00) para controles (p=0,41). A mediana de escolaridade foi de 10,50 (9,00-12,00) anos para casos e 11,00 (9,00-12,00) anos para controles (p=0,77). Houve 13,00 (13%) fumantes no grupo de casos e 8,00 (8%) no grupo de controles (p=0,25). A frequência da prática de atividade física regular foi de 28,00 (28%) das gestantes nos casos e 31,00 (31%) nos controles (p=0,65). Em relação ao comportamento reprodutivo, não houve diferenças entre a frequência de paridade (p=0,45) e abortos (p=0,90) entre os grupos. O intervalo intergestacional foi de 27,00 (0,00-60,75) meses entre os casos e de 22,50 (0,00-47,75) meses entre os controles (p=0,34). As seguintes variáveis apresentaram na análise univariada um coeficiente de correlação (&#961;) com o ganho de peso significante: calorias = 0,15 (p=0,04), proteínas = 0,16 (p=0,03), colesterol total = 0,21 (p<0,01), retinol = 0,21 (p<0,01), ferro = 0,18 (p=0,01), zinco = 0,15 (p=0,04), selênio = 0,19 (p<0,01) e fósforo = 0,16 (p=0,03). A mediana do consumo de gordura saturada foi de 36,57 gramas (23,37 - 51,06) no grupo de casos e 28,21 gramas (19,92 - 41,90) no grupo controle (p=0,04). Na análise multivariada o consumo protéico foi a única variável independente relacionada ao ganho de peso excessivo na gestação. Conclusão: O consumo calórico, as proteínas, a gordura saturada, o colesterol, o retinol, ferro, zinco, selênio e fósforo estiveram relacionados ao maior ganho ponderal observado no grupo de casos, em especial o consumo protéico. Os fatores econômicos e de estilo de vida não influenciaram o ganho de peso