Function of Mass Communication in the Social Development of Afghanistan

Generally communication is one of the inseparable parts of every individual`s daily life. In terms of social development a prosperous society is mainly based on mass media which are defined as powerful tools for mass communication. Mass media contribute to various aspects of social developments in a society ranging from education, health, sports, agriculture, livelihood, freedom of speech, human rights, fight against corruption, and to public awareness. Mass media play a vital role in creating and shaping of public opinion and strengthening of the society. This study aims to review the key functions of mass media and its role in the social development of Afghanistan. Reviewed the literatures and Google Scholar was used to find out the recent studies. This study shows that Mass media itself emerged strongly and has played a vital role in the social development of Afghanistan especially public awareness, freedom of speech, sports, education, agriculture, and reconstruction

Amazement of Complex Integration

In this article, we discuss the facts and wonders of complex integrations. We describe the differences between integrations and complex integrations. These differences show the wonders of complex integrations. &nbsp

PENGARUH PERILAKU BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK TERHADAP PEMANFAATAN PERPUSTAKAAN SEKOLAH SEBAGAI SUMBER BELAJAR :Studi Deskriptif pada SMPN 5 BANDUNG:

Pengaruh Perilaku Belajar Peserta Didik terhadap Pemanfaatan Perpusakaan Sekolah sebagai Sumber Belajar pada SMPN 5 Bandung. Program Studi Perpustakaan dan Informasi Jurusan Kurikulum dan Teknologi Pendidikan, Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Bandung 2014. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi dengan masuknya era informasi dan teknologi informasi dimana perpustakaan merupakan tempat untuk memperoleh informasi khususnya di sekolah. Masalah yang menjadi kajian dalam penelitian ini difokuskan pada sikap, kebiasaan, dan minat belajar peserta didik terhadap pemanfaatan perpustakaan sekolah sebagai sumber belajar. Penelitian ini terdiri dari perilaku belajar peserta didik (X) dan pemanfaatan perpustakaan sekolah sebagai sumber belajar (Y). Perilaku belajar peserta didik diukur melalui sub variabel sikap yang terdiri dari tiga indikator yaitu kognitif, afektif, dan konatif, dan kebiasaan terdiri dari dua indikator yaitu kebiasaan belajar dan kebiasaan membaca, sedangkan minat belajar terdiri dari perbuatan, perhatian, dan perasaan. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah perpustakaan SMPN 5 Bandung yang berjumlah 599 orang. Sampel yang diambil berjumlah 86 orang berdasarkan rumus Yamane dengan metode penarikan sampel yaitu sampling insidental. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner tertutup dengan menggunakan Skala Likert dan menggunakan analisis data korelasi, serta untuk melihat besar pengaruhnya menggunakan regresi linier sederhana. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data, diketahui bahwa perilaku belajar peserta didik mempunyai tingkat hubungan dan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pemanfaatan perpustakaan sekolah sebagai sumber belajar, dengan signifikansi pengaruh sebesar 0,841. Rekomendasi pada penelitian ini perpustakaan sekolah diharapkan dapat mengembangkan bahan perpustakaan sehingga meningkatkan keberagaman sikap, kebiasaan, dan minat belajar peserta didik untuk memanfaatkan perpustakaan sekolah sebagai sumber belajar. The Influence of Student Behavior on the Utilization of School Library (as a Learning Resource Center in SMPN 5 Bandung). Library and Information Program – Curriculum and Educational Technology, Faculty of Educational Sciences, Indonesia University of Education, Bandung 2014. This research is motivated by the emergence of the information technology era in which library turns as the place for acquiring information, notably in school. Based on that background, this research is focused on the student’s attitude and behavior, and student’s learning interest towards school library utilization as a learning resource. The student’s behavior was observed across the x-axis and the utilization of library as a learning resource in y-axis. Student’s attitude was measured by means of attitude sub-variable which consists of three indicators: cognitive, affective, and conative. Student’s behavior was measured by two indicators, namely learning behavior and reading behavior. Furthermore, student’s learning interest consists of behave, attention and feeling. This research involved 599 students as the samples, which contributed to utilize school library of SMPN 5 Bandung. A total number of 87 samples are taken based on Yamane’s formula by using accidental techniques. This research employs a descriptive design with some quantification to enhance the analysis. Furthermore, the data are collected by using closed questionnaire and Likert Scale. Then the data are analyzed by using correlation analysis and simple linear regression. The results revealed that student’s learning behavior has a significant connection and influence (0.841) towardsthe utilization of school library as a learning resource. Based on this result, it can be recommended that school libraries are expected to develop its materials to increase the level of student’s attitude, behavior and interest regarding to utilize library as a learning resource

A mixed methodological approach to study the feasibility of an end-of-life care pathway

Background: The growing significance of end-of-life care in response to the increasing prevalence of chronic illnesses and aging populations has prompted recognition of the need for patient-centred care. Care pathways are employed worldwide to offer comprehensive end-of-life care to patients in various healthcare settings. In Pakistan, there is a recognised need to evaluate the feasibility of introducing an end-of-life care pathway.Objectives: This study aimed to (a) determine the feasibility of using an end-of-life care pathway for hospital-based and home-based palliative care patients, and (b) explore the experiences and opinions of registered nurses piloting the pathway.Methods: An explanatory sequential mixed methodological approach was employed to investigate the feasibility of implementing an end-of-life care pathway. The quantitative phase involved the distribution of a structured survey to the registered nurses, gauging their perceptions of end-of-life care needs and preferences. For the qualitative phase, nurses who had used the pathway on their patients were invited for two focused group discussions. These FGDs captured contextual insights and explored factors influencing feasibility and were analysed thematically.Results: The responses to the questionnaire were presented as frequencies and percentages. Each response was given a score to be compared against the feasibility criteria. Each criterion, patient safety (t=-12.9, p\u3c0.0001), resource availability (t=5.9, p\u3c0.0001), staff competence (t=2.8, p=0.02), collaborative approach (t=8.8, p=0.0001), ethical considerations (t= 8.4, p= 0.0002), patient and family acceptance (t=6.5, p=0.0005), outcome measurement (t=6.8, p= 0.0004), and scalability and sustainability (t=7.6, p=0.0001), had statistically significant scores. Thematic analysis of the FGDs identified six themes on the factors influencing end of life care.Conclusion: This mixed methodological study provided a comprehensive exploration of the feasibility of an end-of-life care pathway, offering valuable insights for policymakers, healthcare professionals, and researchers involved in end-of-life care

Effect of Tryptophan and Glutamic Acid on Phytochemical Traits of Iranian and Afghan Saffron

In order to investigate the effect of Tryptophan and Glutamic acid amino acids on physiological traits of saffron, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2019 at the research farm of Zanjan University. Experimental treatments include three genotypes (Iranian, Afghani 1 and Afghani 2) as the main treatment and the amino acid Tryptophan at two levels (1 and 2 mM) and Glutamic acid at two levels (1 and 2 mM) as sub-treatments, were considered with witnesses. The results showed that Tryptophan and Glutamic acid treatments had a significant effect about one percent (0.01 %) on the main traits including flower number, flower dry weight, vegetative body, phenol yield, antioxidant activity and crocin. Also, yield traits of phenol, flavonoids and antioxidants treated with two amino acids showed a significant difference about five percent (0.05 %). The maximum yields of phenol and flavonoids at 2 mM Tryptophan concentration were 0.35 and 0.026 mg / g, respectively, and the lowest yields at 1 mM Glutamic treatment were 0.34 and 0.02 mg / g, per hectare. In general, different levels of Tryptophan and Glutamic acid can play an effective role in improving the physiological traits and production of this product. Application of 1 mM Glutamic acid to produce the maximum vegetative body of the plant, treatment of 1 and 2 mM both amino acids to improve physiological parameters and 1 mM Glutamic acid for the performance of secondary metabolites is desirable and recommended

Makna Menurut Ibnu Hajib

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pandangan Ibnu Hajib mengenai makna suatu kajian dalam upaya memahami klasifikasi, pembagian dan bagian-bagian makna. Dalam Islam studi makna memiliki kedudukan penting sebagai upaya memahami teks keagamaan. Suatu kata akan memiliki beragam makna ketika terdapat dalam kalimat. Pemaknaan akan teks keagamaan sangat mungkin memunculkan penafsiran yang beragam, maka perlu diketahui bagaimana konsep makna dalam pandangan ulama ushul dan Ibnu Hajib merupakan salah seorang ulama ushul yang mengkaji makna. penelitian ini menggunakan metode kajian kepustakaan. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa Ibnu Hajib memiliki pandangan bahwa lafadz dapat memiliki makna yang bukan hanya makna yang ditunjukan oleh lafadz, Ibnu Hajib menggolongkannya menjadi makna manthûq (what it said) dan mafmum (implikatur), makna mafhum terbagi menjadi mafhum muwafaqah yang terdiri dari fahwa al-khitab dan lahna al-khitab dan mafhûm mukhâlafah , sedangkan makna manthûq terbagi menjadi makna manthûq sharih yang terdiri dari thadamun (entailment) dan muthabaqah dan manthûq ghairu sharih

Management of parturient with triplet pregnancy and placenta percreta: Importance of multi-disciplinary approach

Obstetric conditions like placenta percreta and multiple pregnancies can be extremely challenging as they pose a high risk for both the mother and infants. In placenta percreta, placental villi penetrate through the wall of uterus into the surrounding organs including the bladder and carry a risk of massive maternal bleeding. Multiple pregnancies have greater complication rate than that in singleton pregnancy. Successful management of such challenges are best done by a multidisciplinary teamwork, where all members of a perinatal team are involved in decision making and management. We report the successful management of a triplet gestation associated with placenta percreta

The contribution of Ibn Ishaq al-Kindi to light, optics and cryptology

The objective of this chapter is to discuss Al Kindi's contributions in the field of engineering including the theory of light, optics and cryptology. The research framework is Al Kindi's contributions to light including act of seeing, motion of rectilinear property of light, visual rays and perceptio

Ethnomedicine use in the war affected region of northwest Pakistan

BACKGROUND: North-West of Pakistan is bestowed with medicinal plant resources due to diverse geographical and habitat conditions. The traditional use of plants for curing various diseases forms an important part of the region’s cultural heritage. The study was carried out to document medicinal plants used in Frontier Region (FR) Bannu, an area affected by the “War on Terror”. METHODS: Fieldwork was carried out in four different seasons (spring, autumn, summer and winter) from March 2012 to February 2013. Data on medicinal plants was collected using structured and semi-structured questionnaires from 250 respondents. The voucher specimens were collected, processed and identified following standard methods. RESULTS: Of the 107 species of ethnomedicinal plants reported, fifty percent species are herbaceous. The majority of the reported species were wild (55%) but a substantial proportion are cultivated (29%). For most of the plant species (34%), leaves are the most commonly used part in the preparation of ethnomedicines. The most common use of species is for carminative purposes (14 species), with the next most common use being for blood purification (11 species). The main methods used in the preparation of ethnomedicinal recipes involves grinding and boiling, and nearly all the remedies are taken orally along with ingredients such as water, milk or honey for ease of ingestion. Traditional healers prepare plant remedies using one or more plants. There was a significant correlation (r(2) = 0.95) between the age of local people and the number of plants known to them, which indicates that in the coming 20 years, an approximate decrease of 75% in the indigenous knowledge may be expected. CONCLUSION: Traditional medicines are important to the livelihoods of rural communities in the region affected by the Global war on Terrorism. The medicinal recipes are indigenous; however, there is a threat to their future use on account of rapid modernization and terrorist activities. Documentation of medicinal plants and recipes may help in the conservation of the regional indigenous medicinal knowledge for future generations and to provide a baseline for further studies

Pengaruh Perilaku Belajar Peserta Didik Terhadap Pemanfaatan Perpustakaan Sekolah Sebagai Sumber Belajar

Abstract. This research is motivated by the emergence of the information technology era in which library turns as the place for acquiring information, notably in school. Based on that background, this research is focused on the student's attitude and behavior, and student's learning interest towards school library utilization as a learning resource. The student's behavior was observed across the x-axis and the utilization of library as a learning resource in y-axis. Student's attitude was measured by means of attitude sub-variable which consists of three indicators: cognitive, affective, and conative. Student's behavior was measured by two indicators, namely learning behavior and reading behavior. Furthermore, student's learning interest consists of behave, attention and feeling. This research employs a descriptive design with some quantification to enhance the analysis. Furthermore, the data are collected by using closed questionnaire and Likert Scale. Then the data are analyzed by using correlation analysis and simple linear regression. The results revealed that student's learning behavior has a significant connection and influence (0.841) towards the utilization of school library as a learning resource. Based on this result, it can be recommended that school libraries are expected to develop its materials to increase the level of student's attitude, behavior and interest regarding to utilize library as a learning resource.Keywords: learning attitude, library materials utilization, learning resources, students.Abstrak. Masalah yang menjadi kajian dalam penelitian ini difokuskan pada sikap, kebiasaan, dan minat belajar peserta didik terhadap pemanfaatan perpustakaan sekolah sebagai sumber belajar. Penelitian ini terdiri dari perilaku belajar peserta didik (X) dan pemanfaatan perpustakaan sekolah sebagai sumber belajar (Y). Perilaku belajar peserta didik diukur melalui sub variabel sikap yang terdiri dari tiga indikator yaitu kognitif, afektif, dan konatif, dan kebiasaan terdiri dari dua indikator yaitu kebiasaan belajar dan kebiasaan membaca, sedangkan minat belajar terdiri dari perbuatan, perhatian, dan perasaan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data  menggunakan kuesioner tertutup dengan menggunakan Skala Likert dan menggunakan analisis data korelasi, serta untuk melihat besar pengaruhnya menggunakan koefisien determinasi dan regresi linier sederhana. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data, diketahui bahwa perilaku belajar peserta didik mempunyai tingkat hubungan dan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pemanfaatan perpustakaansekolah sebagai sumber belajar, dengan signifikansi pengaruh sebesar 0,841. Rekomendasi pada penelitian ini perpustakaan sekolah diharapkan dapat mengembangkan bahan perpustakaan sehingga meningkatkan keberagaman sikap, kebiasaan, dan minat belajar peserta didik untuk memanfaatkan perpustakaan sekolah sebagai sumber belajar.Kata kunci : Perilaku belajar, Pemanfatan bahan perpustakaan, Sumber belajardan Peserta didi