Biometric evaluation of morpho-agronomic traits in pepper lines and hybrids

Objetivou-se avaliar linhagens e h?bridos de pimenta (Capsicum chinense e C. annuum) afim de obter informa??es sobre o desempenho agron?mico, heterose, heterobeltiose, correla??es fenot?picas e dissimilaridade gen?tica. Foram avaliadas as linhagens PIM-030, BGH-433, BGH-4285, Numex Sweet, Numex Garnet e os h?bridos simples Numex Sweet x PIM-030, Numex Garnet x PIM-030 e BGH-4285 x BGH-433. O experimento foi conduzido com oito tratamentos e quatro repeti??es, em casa de vegeta??o, no campus JK da UFVJM. Foram avaliadas 22 caracter?sticas morfoagron?micas. No h?brido BGH-4285 x BGH-433 foi observado maior heterose e heterobeltiose para produtividade total de frutos e produtividade de massa seca total de frutos, sendo interessante aos futuros programas de melhoramento. Observa-se que plantas de maior porte tendem a ser mais produtivas com maiores massas fresca dos frutos e frutos com pericarpo mais espesso, frutos maiores com maiores pedicelos e com sementes mais densas, sendo importante para a produ??o de p?prica. As linhagens BGH-433, BGH-4285 e PIM-030 s?o as mais recomendadas para uso em programas de melhoramento.In this study, we aimed to evaluate pepper lines and hybrids (Capsicum chinense and C. annuum) in order to obtain information on agronomic performance, heterosis, heterobeltiosis, phenotypic correlations and genetic dissimilarity. We evaluated lines PIM-030, BGH-433, BGH-4285, Numex Sweet, Numex Garnet and simple hybrids Numex Sweet x PIM-030, Numex Garnet x PIM-030 and BGH-4285 x BGH-433. The research was conducted with eight treatments and four replications in a greenhouse, at campus JK of UFVJM. Twenty two agronomic traits were evaluated. The hybrid BGH-4285 x BGH-433 presents higher heterosis and heterobeltiosis for total fruit productivity and productivity of total fruit dry mass, information of great value for future breeding studies. The authors noticed that larger plants tend to be more productive and present higher fruit fresh mass and also fruits with thicker pericarp, as well as larger fruits having longer pedicels with denser seeds, important for production of paprika. Lines BGH-433, BGH-4285 and PIM-030 are the most recommended to be used in breeding programs

Parâmetros genéticos, dissimilaridade e desempenho per se em acessos de abóbora

A abóbora tem grande importância na alimentação humana e animal, principalmente para a agricultura familiar. O banco de germoplasma de hortaliças da Universidade Federal de Viçosa (BGH-UFV) possui coleção de acessos de abóbora com ampla variabilidade genética. Toda esta variabilidade genética é de grande importância para o melhoramento genético. Porém, pouco se sabe sobre o verdadeiro potencial do BGH-UFV, pois há poucos estudos com informações desses acessos. Objetivou-se obter informações sobre os parâmetros genéticos, dissimilaridade e desempenho per se de acessos de abóbora do BGH-UFV. Foram avaliados 11 descritores morfoagronômicos em 55 acessos e três cultivares comerciais. Foram estimados parâmetros genéticos, ganho esperado com a seleção, correlações fenotípicas, genotípicas e ambientais. Para o estudo de dissimilaridade, foi realizado o teste Tocher e dispersão gráfica das duas primeiras variáveis canônicas. Houve variabilidade genética entre os acessos, com predominância dos efeitos genéticos sobre os ambientais. É esperado maior ganho de seleção para a massa por fruto, aspecto fitossanitário e localização do nó da primeira flor masculina. As cultivares comerciais Butternut e Tetsukabuto se destacaram em função da menor massa por fruto e maior precocidade de florescimento, porém tiveram os piores resultados quanto ao aspecto fitossanitário. Há estimativas negativas de correlação entre o aspecto fitossanitário com o hábito de crescimento, comprimento e taxa de crescimento da rama principal, indicando que plantas compactas podem ter maiores problemas fitossanitários. O cruzamento do acesso BGH-7003 ou da cultivar Butternut com os acessos BGH-1946 ou BGH-7765 podem gerar progênies com potencial para o melhoramento genético.Pumpkin is very important in human and animal food, especially concerning family farms. The germplasm bank of vegetables of Universidade Federal de Viçosa (Federal University of Viçosa, UFV-BGH), Brazil, has several pumpkin accessions with wide genetic variability. All this genetic variability is of great importance for plant breeding. However, little is known about the true potential of BGH-UFV, because there are few scientific papers published with information on these accessions. The objective was to obtain information on genetic parameters, dissimilarity and performance of BGH-UFV pumpkin accessions. We evaluated 11 morphological descriptors of 55 accessions and three cultivars. The genetic parameters, expected gain with selection, phenotypic, genotypic and environmental correlations were estimated. For the dissimilarity study, the Tocher test was carried out and graphic dispersion of the canonical variables was evaluated. There was genetic variability among accessions, with a predominance of genetic effects over the environment. Higher gain selection for mass per fruit, plant appearance and location of the first male flower node are expected. The commercial cultivars Butternut and Tetsukabuto have excelled due to the lower mass per fruit and precocity of flowering, but they had the worst results in terms of phytosanitary aspect. There are negative correlation estimates between the phytosanitary aspect and growth habit, length and growth rate of the main stem, indicating that compact plants may have greater phytossanitary problems. Crossing accession BGH-7003 or cultivar Butternut with accessions BGH-1946 or BGH-7765 can generate progenies with potential for breeding

Postharvest conservation of strawberry fruits at different storage conditions

O morango ? um produto muito apreciado pelos consumidores devido ?s caracter?sticas organol?pticas. Por?m, os frutos do morangueiro s?o altamente perec?veis depois de colhidos, sendo necess?rio adotar medidas alternativas para prolongar o per?odo de conserva??o dos frutos. O trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a conserva??o p?s-colheita de frutos de cultivares de morangueiro em diferentes condi??es de armazenamento. Os frutos de morangueiro utilizados no experimento foram cultivados na fazenda da empresa Mape Frutas, localizada no munic?pio de Datas-MG. Foram avaliados os frutos de oito cultivares (Festival, Campinas, Toyonoka, Dover, Oso Grande, Camarosa Diamante e Aromas). As condi??es de armazenamento e as an?lises foram realizadas no Laborat?rio de Tecnologia Biomassa do Cerrado da UFVJM. As condi??es de armazenamento foram em c?mara fria (temperatura m?dia 2,34?0,78?C e umidade relativa 89,93?4,14%) e condi??es ambiente (temperatura m?dia 17,43?2,68?C e umidade relativa 74,11?10,44%). As caracter?sticas foram analisadas por 12 dias, com avalia??es a cada 3 dias: apar?ncia, incid?ncia de doen?as, teores de s?lidos sol?veis totais, acidez titul?vel total, vitamina C e firmeza. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial com oito cultivares de morangueiro e cinco tempos de armazenamento, com tr?s repeti??es, avaliados separadamente nas duas condi??es de armazenamento. Em condi??es ambiente os frutos de morangueiro podem ser armazenados por no m?ximo tr?s dias. O armazenamento em c?mara fria proporciona maior conserva??o p?s-colheita de frutos de morangueiro, podendo os frutos ser armazenados at? doze dias. A cv. Festival apresentou melhor conserva??o p?s-colheita nas duas condi??es de armazenamento, enquanto que as cvs. Toyonoka e Campinas apresentaram maior incid?ncia de doen?as e menor firmeza de frutos quando comparadas com as outras cultivares.Strawberry is a product appreciated by consumers due to the organoleptic characteristics. However, strawberry fruits are highly perishable after harvest, so alternative measures to prolong the shelf life of fruits are necessary. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the fruit postharvest conservation of strawberry cultivars under different storage conditions. Strawberry fruits of eight cultivars (Festival, Campinas, Toyonoka, Dover, Oso Grande, Camarosa, Diamante and Aromas) were grown at ?Mape Frutas? farm, in Datas municipality, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Strawberry fruits were stored at cold storage (2.34?0.78?C; 89.93?4.14% RH) and environmental conditions (17.43?2.68?C; 74.11?10.44%). The experimental design was randomized blocks in a factorial arrangement with eight strawberry cultivars and five storage times, with three replications. Fruits appearance, disease incidence, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, vitamin C and firmness were evaluated every 3 days, until 12 days. At room condition, strawberry fruit could be stored for only three days. Fruits kept in cold chamber kept quality until 12 days. Cv. Festival had the best postharvest shelf life in both storage conditions and cvs. Toyonoka and Campinas showed higher incidence of diseases and less fruit firmness when compared to the other cultivars

Agronomic performance and genetic parameters of sweet potato genotypes

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o desempenho agron?mico em gen?tipos de batata-doce e estimar par?metros gen?ticos. O experimento foi composto por 65 variedades (clones do banco de germoplasma de batata-doce da Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri), instalado num delineamento em blocos ao acaso com tr?s repeti??es e 15 plantas por parcela. Foram avaliadas a produtividade de massa verde das ramas (MV), produtividade total das ra?zes (PT), peso m?dio das ra?zes totais (PMT), produtividade de ra?zes comerciais (PC), peso m?dio das ra?zes comerciais (PMC), formato das ra?zes (FORM) e resist?ncia a insetos (RI). Considerando-se os ganhos de sele??o estimados para estas caracter?sticas, infere-se que a sele??o de clones pode levar a progressos gen?ticos signifcativos. Os caracteres PT, PMT, PC, e PMC est?o positivamente correlacionados, logo, a sele??o em qualquer um deles acarreta ganhos gen?ticos nos demais. A sele??o para produ??o de ra?zes pode ser conduzida no car?ter PT, pois sua avalia??o ? mais simples e correlaciona-se com a produ??o comercial, que ? de maior import?ncia. A sele??o no car?ter MV promove aumento nas caracter?sticas PMT e PMC e n?o causa efeitos nas demais. Para a maioria das caracter?sticas houve predomin?ncia dos efeitos ambientais sobre os gen?ticos. Os gen?tipos BD-15, BD-42 e BD-67 apresentaram melhor desempenho agron?mico.Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG)Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecu?ria de Minas Gerais (EPAMIG)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq)Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES)The present study aimed to evaluate the agronomic performance of sweet potato genotypes and estimating genetic parameters. The experiment consisted of 65 varieties (clones) of the sweet potato germplasm bank from the Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valley, installed in the design of randomized blocks with three replications and 15 plants per plot. Were evaluated green mass of branches (MV), total productivity of roots (PT), average weight of total roots (PMT), commercial yield (PC), the average weight of marketable roots (PMC), shape of roots (FORM) and insect resistance (IR). Considering the gains of selection for these characteristics, we infer that clone selection can lead to significant genetic progress. The characters PT, PMT, PC and PMC are positively correlated, so selecting any of them carries genetic gains in others. Selection for root production can be conducted in the character PT because its evaluation is simpler and correlates with the commercial production, which is of utmost importance. The selection promotes increases in MV character in PMC and PMT and causes no effects in others. For most traits were prevalent environmental effects on genetic. The BD-15, BD-42 and BD-67 genotypes showed better agronomic performance

Genetic divergence and importance of morphological characters in genotypes of kale

A caracteriza??o morfol?gica de gen?tipos de couve ? necess?ria bem como as estimativas da diverg?ncia gen?tica entre os mesmos. O presente trabalho teve como objetivos estudar os caracteres morfol?gicos dos gen?tipos de couve oriundos do banco de germoplasma da UFVJM, a diverg?ncia gen?tica existente entre os gen?tipos e a import?ncia destes caracteres nas estimativas da diverg?ncia. O experimento foi conduzido no Setor de Olericultura da UFVJM, Diamantina-MG, utilizando-se o delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados com trinta gen?tipos e quatro repeti??es, constitu?das por cinco plantas. Para a caracteriza??o morfol?gica avaliaram-se em cada planta quarenta e quatro caracter?sticas. Verifcou-se que h? gen?tipos com grande diverg?ncia gen?tica entre si, sendo os gen?tipos UFLA-6 e UFVJM-24 os mais divergentes em rela??o aos demais, contudo, a maioria dos gen?tipos ? similar. Verifcou-se tamb?m que h? caracter?sticas importantes que podem ser usadas nas estimativas da diverg?nciaFunda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG)Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecu?ria de Minas Gerais (EPAMIG)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq)Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES)The morphological characterization of genotypes of kale is needed as well as the estimates of genetic divergence between them. We studied the morphological characters of kale genotypes originated from the germplasm bank of UFVJM, the genetic divergence among the genotypes and the importance of these characters in the estimates of divergence. The experiment was carried out in the Department of Horticulture of UFVJM, Diamantina, Minas Gerais state, Brazil, using the randomized complete block design with four replications and thirty genotypes, consisting of five plants. Forty-four traits were evaluated on each plant for morphological evaluations. Some genotypes showed high genetic divergence, such as the genotypes UFLA-6 and 24-UFVJM, which were the most divergent compared to the others. Most of the genotypes, however, were similar to each other. It was also observed that there are important characteristics that can be used in the estimation of divergence

Selection of lettuce genotypes for protected cultivation: genetic divergence and importance of characters

Os objetivos deste trabalho foram selecionar gen?tipos de alface com potencial para cultivo em ambiente protegido; selecionar gen?tipos divergentes geneticamente para integrar programas de melhoramento; comparar t?cnicas multivariadas a fim de se ter uma interpreta??o mais precisa dos resultados; verificar a relev?ncia dos caracteres avaliados para a diverg?ncia gen?tica; e determinar os caracteres mais importantes na avalia??o de gen?tipos de alface. Utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados, com 15 gen?tipos, quatro repeti??es e 15 plantas por parcela. O experimento foi conduzido em ambiente protegido e avaliou-se a altura das plantas, di?metro da cabe?a, circunfer?ncia da cabe?a, mat?ria fresca da parte a?rea, mat?ria fresca comercial da parte a?rea, mat?ria fresca da raiz, mat?ria seca comercial da parte a?rea, mat?ria seca da raiz e n?mero de folhas comerciais. Os gen?tipos foram classificados em quatro grupos pelo m?todo Tocher. Foram indicados para uso em cultivo protegido e em programas de melhoramento para obten??o de cultivares adaptadas a essas condi??es, as cultivares 'Regina 500'e 'Vit?ria de S. Ant?o' (grupo I), 'Black Seed Simpson' e 'L?via' (grupo II), 'Branca Boston' (grupo III) e 'Romana Bal?o' (grupo IV). Embora a contribui??o relativa da circunfer?ncia para a diverg?ncia seja apenas 0,50%, todas as caracter?sticas avaliadas foram importantes no estudo da diverg?ncia gen?tica. De acordo com o estudo da correla??o genot?pica, a avalia??o da caracter?stica massa fresca da parte a?rea pode substituir a avalia??o das caracter?sticas massa fresca e massa seca comercial da parte a?rea em um processo de sele??o, reduzindo tempo e custo em um programa de melhoramento.Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG)Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecu?ria de Minas Gerais (EPAMIG)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq)Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES)The objectives of this study were to select lettuce genotypes with potential for cultivation in protected environments; select genetically divergent genotypes to integrate breeding programs; compare multivariate analysis to have a more precise interpretation of the results; verify the relevance of evaluated traits to genetic divergence; and determine the most important characters in the evaluation of lettuce genotypes. Fifteen genotypes were studied in a randomized block design with four replications and 15 plants per plot. The experiment was carried out in protected environments and the following traits were evaluated: plant height, head diameter; head circumference; fresh matter of heads; marketable fresh matter of heads; root fresh matter; dry matter of commercial heads; dry matter of roots and number of commercial leaves. The genotypes were classified in four groups by Tocher's method. The genotypes that should preferably be used in protected environment and in breeding programs were 'Regina 500' and 'Vit?ria de S. Ant?o', from group I; 'Black Seed Simpson' and 'L?via' from group II; 'Branca Boston' from group III and 'Romana Bal?o' from group IV. Although the relative contribution of the head circumference is only 0.50%, all traits were important in the study of genetic diversity. According to the genotypic correlation study, the assessment of the fresh mass characteristic of the aerial part can substitute the evaluation of commercial fresh and dry mass of the aerial part in the selection process, reducing the time and cost in a breeding program

Longitudinal data assessment of global stability index in kale leaves

ABSTRACT Kale plants are usually sold “in natura” in street markets and malls. Kale leaves can have their appearance compromised by dehydration and discoloration due to increased post-harvest time exposure. We aimed to analyze the Global Stability Index (GSI) in kale accessions by means of repeated measurement analysis and curve grouping as a complementary form of superior sample identification with regard to post-harvest preservation. Thirty kale accessions were evaluated using a randomized block design with four blocks and five plants per plot. Two commercial leaves per plant were collected, and kept on workbenches in the shade at a temperature of 18 ± 1 °C. Subsequently, the degrees of discoloration and dehydration, total chlorophyll content, and accumulated fresh mass loss were evaluated over a 15-day period. From these data, the GSI was calculated for each day of evaluation. In addition, using mixed models, thirteen co-variance structures were tested. For graphical analysis, thirteen linear and non-linear models were assessed followed by curve grouping using multivariate analysis. The GSI was efficient for differentiating accessions, which became an important tool in post-harvest studies. GSI values were not equally correlated, therefore the use of mixed models became an important approach. The unstructured matrix was the best fit to model the dependence of error. The Melow I model was the best fit for studying the GSI. The accessions UFVJM-10, UFLA-1, COM-1, UFVJM-32, COM-3, UFVJM-8, UFVJM-36 and UFVJM-24, belonging to 3 and 5 clusters, are recommended for crop cultivation and as parental material in breeding programs