Efektivitas Program Bantuan Operasional Sekolah (Bos) Pada SMP Negeri 4 Seririt Kabupaten Buleleng

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur kualitas efektivitas program bantuan operasional sekolah pada SMP Negeri 4 Seririt serta mengetahui kendala-kendala yang dihadapi. Pendekatan penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian empirik (expost facto). Sampel penelitian adalah 42 orang. Pengumpulan data tentang efektivitas program bantuan operasional sekolah di SMP 4 Seririt dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode kuesioner. Data yang telah terkumpul kemudian dianalisis melalui editing, koding dan tabulasi, kemudian ditarik sebuah kesimpulan berdasarkan transformasi T – tes dalam bentuk kode min (-) dan plus (+) yang selanjutnya dimasukkan ke dalam kuadran Glickman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Kualitas pelaksanaan bantuan operasional sekolah di SMP Negeri 4 Seririt dilihat dari variabel konteks dengan frekuensi kategori positif 60,91%, (2) Kualitas pelaksanaan bantuan operasional sekolah di SMP Negeri 4 Seririt dilihat dari variabel input dengan frekuensi kategori positif 60,91%, (3) Kualitas pelaksanaan bantuan operasional sekolah di SMP Negeri 4 Seririt dilihat dari variabel proses dengan frekuensi katagori positif 52,62% (4) Kualitas pelaksanaan bantuan operasional sekolah di SMP Negeri 4 Seririt dilihat dari variabel produk dengan frekuensi kategori positif 59,52%.Kata Kunci : studi evaluasi,konteks, input, proses, hasil, bantuan operasional sekolah This study aims to knowing the effectiveness of the school operational assistance program in the SMP Negeri 4 Seririt Buleleng regency. The approach of this research uses empirical research (ex post facto). The sample was 42 people. Collecting data on the effectiveness of operational assistance programs in junior high school 4 Seririt done by using questionnaires. The data have been collected and analyzed through editing, coding and tabulation, then pulled a conclusion based on the transformation of T - test in coded form min (-) and plus (+) are then introduced into quadrants Glickman. The results showed that: (1) The quality of the implementation of operational support schools in SMP Negeri 4 Seririt seen from the context variable frequency 60.91% positive category, (2) the quality of the implementation of operational support schools in SMP Negeri 4 Seririt seen with the frequency of the input variables 60.91% positive category, (3) quality of the implementation of operational support schools in SMP Negeri 4 Seririt seen from the category of process variables with positive frequency 52.62% (4) The quality of the implementation of operational support schools in SMP Negeri 4 Seririt views of variable products with frequency of 59.52% positive category

Designing programs for eliminating canine rabies from islands: Bali, Indonesia as a case study

<p>Background: Canine rabies is one of the most important and feared zoonotic diseases in the world. In some regions rabies elimination is being successfully coordinated, whereas in others rabies is endemic and continues to spread to uninfected areas. As epidemics emerge, both accepted and contentious control methods are used, as questions remain over the most effective strategy to eliminate rabies. The Indonesian island of Bali was rabies-free until 2008 when an epidemic in domestic dogs began, resulting in the deaths of over 100 people. Here we analyze data from the epidemic and compare the effectiveness of control methods at eliminating rabies.</p> <p>Methodology/Principal Findings: Using data from Bali, we estimated the basic reproductive number, R0, of rabies in dogs, to be ~1·2, almost identical to that obtained in ten–fold less dense dog populations and suggesting rabies will not be effectively controlled by reducing dog density. We then developed a model to compare options for mass dog vaccination. Comprehensive high coverage was the single most important factor for achieving elimination, with omission of even small areas (<0.5% of the dog population) jeopardizing success. Parameterizing the model with data from the 2010 and 2011 vaccination campaigns, we show that a comprehensive high coverage campaign in 2012 would likely result in elimination, saving ~550 human lives and ~$15 million in prophylaxis costs over the next ten years.</p> <p>Conclusions/Significance: The elimination of rabies from Bali will not be achieved through achievable reductions in dog density. To ensure elimination, concerted high coverage, repeated, mass dog vaccination campaigns are necessary and the cooperation of all regions of the island is critical. Momentum is building towards development of a strategy for the global elimination of canine rabies, and this study offers valuable new insights about the dynamics and control of this disease, with immediate practical relevance.</p&gt

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication

Open science interventions to improve reproducibility and replicability of research: a scoping review

Various open science practices have been proposed to improve the reproducibility and replicability of scientific research, but not for all practices, there may be evidence they are indeed effective. Therefore, we conducted a scoping review of the literature on interventions to improve reproducibility. We systematically searched Medline, Embase, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Scopus and Eric, on 18 August 2023. Any study empirically evaluating the effectiveness of interventions aimed at improving the reproducibility or replicability of scientific methods and findings was included. We summarized the retrieved evidence narratively and in evidence gap maps. Of the 105 distinct studies we included, 15 directly measured the effect of an intervention on reproducibility or replicability, while the remainder addressed a proxy outcome that might be expected to increase reproducibility or replicability, such as data sharing, methods transparency or pre-registration. Thirty studies were non-comparative and 27 were comparative but cross-sectional observational designs, precluding any causal inference. Despite studies investigating a range of interventions and addressing various outcomes, our findings indicate that in general the evidence base for which various interventions to improve reproducibility of research remains remarkably limited in many respects

Bali beef organoleptic quality cut at Slaugtherhouse with different management at Mambal Slaugtherhouse, Pesanggaran Slaugtherhouse and Darmasaba Slaugtherhouse

The purpose of the study was to determine the differences in management and organoleptic quality of male bali beef from slaughterhouses in Denpasar and Badung districts. The material used was male bali beef in the Longissimus Dorsi (LD) muscle which was cut at different abattoirs. The abattoirs are Mambal Slaugtherhouse, Pesanggaran Slaugtherhouse, and Darmasaba Slaugtherhouse. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 treatments where three abattoirs were treated and 4 replications (4 times the frequency of collection) were assessed by 20 semi-trained panelists. The variables observed were the general description of abattoir management and organoleptic data of meat, namely color, aroma, texture, taste, tenderness, and overall acceptance. Data on management differences were analyzed descriptively and organoleptic data for meat were analyzed non-parametrically with Kruskal Wallis if there was a significant difference followed by the Man Witney test between the two treatments. The results of this study indicate that there is almost the same management in the government-run slaugtherhouse, namely the Mambal Slaugtherhouse, and the Pesanggaran Slaugtherhouse. The management in these two RPHs has met the SNI (Indonesian National Standard) while the community-managed slaugtherhouse, namely the Darmasaba slaugtherhouse, the management is not in accordance with the SNI standard

The Use of Essential Oils as Rumen Modifier in Dairy Cows

Feed efficiency is essential for dairy cows because it can increase production and quality of milk, and reduce methane emissions in the environment. One of the strategies on increasing feed efficiency is using rumen modifier. Essential oils have antimicrobial activities and have been used in rumen modifier in dairy cows. The aim of this paper is to review several studies on the utilization of essential oils as feed additive to enhance production and quality of milk of dairy cow. Based on some research reports, using essential oils which contained thymol, eugenol, cinnamaldehyde and carvacrol in dairy cattle feed decreased the population of protozoa, methanogens, proteolytic, and biohydrogenase bacteria. The impact of engineering of the rumen microbial population has led to optimal rumen fermentation resulted in the efficiency of carbohydrate, protein, and fat utilizations. It can be concluded that essential oils are potential as rumen modifier by inhibit methanogenesis, increase propionate, energy efficiency and ruminal by pass protein. The inconsistent results on milk production and milk fat requires further research to study deeper the effect of dosage and type of essential oils on dairy cows  performance

The Use of Essential Oils as Rumen Modifier in Dairy Cows

&lt;p class="awabstrak2"&gt;Feed efficiency is essential for dairy cows because it can increase production and quality of milk, and reduce methane emissions in the environment. One of the strategies on increasing feed efficiency is using rumen modifier. Essential oils have antimicrobial activities and have been used in rumen modifier in dairy cows. The aim of this paper is to review several studies on the utilization of essential oils as feed additive to enhance production and quality of milk of dairy cow. Based on some research reports, using essential oils which contained thymol, eugenol, cinnamaldehyde and carvacrol in dairy cattle feed decreased the population of protozoa, methanogens, proteolytic, and biohydrogenase bacteria. The impact of engineering of the rumen microbial population has led to optimal rumen fermentation resulted in the efficiency of carbohydrate, protein, and fat utilizations. It can be concluded that essential oils are potential as rumen modifier by inhibit methanogenesis, increase propionate, energy efficiency and ruminal by pass protein. The inconsistent results on milk production and milk fat requires further research to study deeper the effect of dosage and type of essential oils on dairy cows  performance.&lt;/p&gt;</jats:p

Quality of Bali beef cut on different management of slaughterhouses (RPH) in Bali province

The purpose of this study was to determine the physical, chemical and microbiological quality of Balinese beef from Slaughterhouses (RPH) with different management in Denpasar City and Badung Regency as abattoirs that supply most of Bali beef on the island of Bali. The material used was male Bali beef in the Longisimus Dorsi (LD) muscle which was cut at three different abattoirs. The RPH are UPT RPH Mambal, UPT RPH Pesanggaran and RPH belonging to the community of RPH Darmasaba in Banjar Bersih Darmasaba Village. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 treatments where three abattoirs were treated and each treatment consisted of 10 repetitions of Bali beef cuts. The variables sought in this study were physical quality variables, namely pH, color, water holding capacity, and meat cooking loss. Chemical quality variables are meat moisture content, protein content, fat content and ash content. Meat microbiological variables were TPC, colliform, e-coli and salmonella. The results showed that the physical quality of Bali beef slaughtered at the Darmasaba RPH had the lowest physical quality compared to the Mambal and Pesanggaran abattoirs, especially on the pH and meat color variables. The chemical quality of Bali beef slaughtered at the three abattoirs had no significant difference in water content, protein content, and ash content. The total plate count, coliform was below the SNI threshold while e-coli was not identified and salmonella was negative