Posebnosti vodstva kao preokret sestrinstva: Potreba za osobne i organizacijske identifikacije Authentic leadership and nurses’ turnover intentions: The role of personal and organizational identification

Ova studija pruža informacije o autentičnom vodstvu, osobnoj i organizacijskoj identifikaciji te namjerama slobode kretanja medicinskih sestara/tehničara, kao i njihovom međusobnom odnosu u Pakistanu. Predlažemo da osobna i organizacijska identifikacija posreduju učinku autentičnog vodstva na namjere skrbništva medicinskih sestara/tehničara. Za svrhe ispitivanja osmišljena je kvantitativna presječna vrsta studije. Uključeno je 432 registriranih medicinskih sestara/tehničara koji rade u privatnim bolnicama Pakistana. Rezultati ukazuju na to da autentično vodstvo u sestrinstvu smanjuje namjere odlazaka medicinskih sestara/tehničara istodobno poboljšavaju i osobnu i organizacijsku identifikaciju te djeluju kao negativan čimbenik na odlazak iz strukovnosti. Utjecaj autentičnog vodstva na namjere odlazaka medicinskih sestara/tehničara iz struke upućuje na to da bi praksa bolničkog upravljanja ljudskim resursima trebala staviti naglasak na autentične značajke vodstva u razvoju sestrinstva

Does Women Risk Averse in Ownership Behavior: Myth or Reality?

The study aims to explore the impact of female ownership (FO) of financial behavior measured by three dimensions: financial performance (FPER), risk taking behavior (RTB) and stock performance (SPER). Secondary data of sixty Pakistani companies for the period of 2011-17 are collected. Multiple regressions are applied to analyze the data. The findings reveal that Female ownership (FO) has negative (positive) linkage with FPER (RTB) respectively. However, the findings are vice versa in case of female primary ownership (FPO) with same independent variables. The finding of the study is very significant regarding the behavior of women in the context of ownership. FO (FPO) shows indirect (direct) significant effect on financial behavior vice versa to RTB

Effect of Spectacle Centration on Stereoacuity

To determine the percentage of decentered spectacles ,the possible relationship of decentration of spectacles on stereoacuity,the difference between interpupillary distance (IPD) and optical centration distance (OCD), the relationship between decentration of spectacles and asthenopic symptoms, magnitude of prismatic effect and the direction of base of prism in decentered spectacles. Methods:A hospital based cross-sectional study conducted on the 100 students, with the age range of 18 to 26 years.Horizontal decentartion of spectacles was assessed by taking the difference between the interpupillary distance and the optical centration distance. Vertical decentration was assessed by difference between the optical centre of the spectacles and the centre of the pupils. Direction of decentration determines the prism base direction and stereoacuity was assessed by titmus fly test.Results: All individuals were using decentered spectacles in both horizontal and vertical direction. Decentration was highest (33%) in the range of 0 – 1.49 (mm) horizontally in both eyes. Vertical decentration in the range of 3 – 5 (mm) was highest, 39% in right eye and 48% in the left eye of the individuals. 56% of the individuals have horizontal prismatic effect in their spectacles in right and left eye within the range of 0 – 0.49 prism diopters. Vertical prismatic effect was within range of 0 – 0.99 prism diopters in maximum number of individuals. Majority (76%) had base-in prisms induced in their spectacles in both right and left eyes. Vertically induced prism was in the base-up direction in 87% and 90% of the individuals in their right and left eyes respectively and 8% and 7% base-down prisms in their right and left eyes respectively. Difference between IPD (inter-pupillary distance) and OCD (optical centration distance) of individuals was quite significant with p-value 0.000. The mean difference between IPD and OCD was -3.57000. Mean IPD was less than the mean OCD. Horizontal prismatic effect in right eye caused decline in the stereo-acuity with p-value 0.019. Highest number of individuals (42) had reduction of stereo-acuity within the range of 20 – 100 minutes of arc having horizontal prismatic effect in the range of 0 – 1.49 in their right eyes.Conclusions: Due to improper dispensing of the spectacles, prismatic effect is induced in the spectacles that shifts the image position formed on the retina and results in the reduction of the stereoacuity of the individuals

Genetic effects of Calotropis procera CpTIP1 gene on fiber quality in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)

Background: The importance of cotton crop (Gossypium hirsutum) in textile industry is based on its fiber quality. A number of fiber-specific genes play important role in the development of cotton fiber. Previous studies have demonstrated the importance of genes that are responsible for metabolic functions and their involvement in cotton fiber development.Methods: This study was focused at successful Agrobacterium mediated stable transformation of the fiber gene CpTIP1, isolated from the wild plant Calotropis procera, into cotton variety NIAB-846 for one generation. Results: Transformation efficiency was calculated to be 1.01% for the target gene. Different molecular techniques such as PCR were used for confirmation and Real-Time PCR was used to check the level of quantitative expression of fiber expansin gene in putative transgenic cotton plants. On the base of molecular analysis, results showed higher expression level of fiber gene (CpTIP1) in transgenic plants as compared to the control plants.Conclusion: The results of this study support the idea of improved cotton fiber through genetic modification especially the cotton fiber strength

A novel homozygous missense variant in MATN3 causes spondylo- epimetaphyseal dysplasia Matrilin 3 type in a consanguineous family

Peer reviewe

Defense strategies of cotton against whitefly transmitted CLCuV and Begomoviruses

Cotton leaf curl virus (CLCuV) is economically important monopartite Geminivirus which is transmitted by whitefly in persistent circulative manner. In Pakistan, CLCuV causes severe damage to Gossypium hirsutum whereas G. arboreum is resistant to this virus. A total of 86 articles were included in this study that were searched through web of knowledge, web of science and google scholar by using the keywords of cotton, CLCuV, waxes, Begomoviruses and transgenic techniques used against Begomoviruses in plants. Various transgenic strategies i.e., pathogen derived resistance (with and without protein expression) and non - pathogen derived resistance have been adopted to control this virus or its vector. Beside these, some natural defense mechanisms of plant also protect it against the vector. The cuticular waxes make the insects’ attachment difficult to plant surfaces and act as a physical barrier. The cuticular waxes in G. arboreum act as first line of defense against whiteflies and thus CLCuV. Some other defense strategies may involve hindering the insect movements or depriving it from food due to thick waxy layer. Biotechnological strategies against various Begomoviruses including CLCuV were found successful in some crops except cotton. Whereas, the natural defense strategies in G. arboreum i.e., long trichome or presence of inorganic salts with increased concentration of waxes, provide good defense strategy against whiteflies, CLCuV and other pathogens

Parental depressive symptoms, children’s emotional and behavioural problems, and parents’ expressed emotion - Critical and positive comments

This longitudinal study examined whether mothers' and fathers' depressive symptoms predict, independently and interactively, children's emotional and behavioural problems. It also examined bi-directional associations between parents' expressed emotion constituents (parents' child-directed positive and critical comments) and children's emotional and behavioural problems. At time 1, the sample consisted of 160 families in which 50 mothers and 40 fathers had depression according to the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV. Children's mean age at Time 1 was 3.9 years (SD = 0.8). Families (n = 106) were followed up approximately 16 months later (Time 2). Expressed emotion constituents were assessed using the Preschool Five Minute Speech Sample. In total, 144 mothers and 158 fathers at Time 1 and 93 mothers and 105 fathers at Time 2 provided speech samples. Fathers' depressive symptoms were concurrently associated with more child emotional problems when mothers had higher levels of depressive symptoms. When controlling for important confounders (children's gender, baseline problems, mothers' depressive symptoms and parents' education and age), fathers' depressive symptoms independently predicted higher levels of emotional and behavioural problems in their children over time. There was limited evidence for a bi-directional relationship between fathers' positive comments and change in children's behavioural problems over time. Unexpectedly, there were no bi-directional associations between parents' critical comments and children's outcomes. We conclude that the study provides evidence to support a whole family approach to prevention and intervention strategies for children's mental health and parental depression

Trackable CEMB-Klean Cotton Transgenic Technology: Affordable Climate Neutral Agri-biotech Industrialization for Developing Countries

Background: Transgenic technology reflects the incorporation of novel useful traits in crop plants like cotton for economic benefits by overcoming the problems including insects’ pests and weeds in special. The present study is the success story of the continuous effort of CEMB team started back in the 1990s.Methods: This study includes characterization of a large number of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) strains taken from local soil and subjected to direct transformation of isolated BT genes into local cotton cultivars. Protocols for transformation into cotton plants were optimized and validated by the development of double gene codon optimized (Cry1Ac and Cry2A) transgenic cotton varieties.Results: The resulting GMOs in the form of CEMB-33, CA-12, CEMB-66 have been approved by Punjab Seed Council in 2013 and 2016 respectively. Double Bt and weedicide resistant cotton harboring CEMB-Modified and codon optimized cp4EPSPS (GTGene). These varieties can tolerate glyphosate spray @ 1900ml per acre without the appearance of necrotic spots/shedding and complete removal of all surrounding weeds in the cotton field is a significant advance to boost cotton production without spending much on insecticides and herbicides.Conclusion: In the current report, two unique sets of primers which amplify 1.1 Kb for CEMB-double Bt genes and 660 bp product for CEMB-Modified cp4EPSPS (GTGene) were tested. CEMB cotton variety CKC-01 is specially designed as low cost and easy to use by local farmer’s technology has the potential to revolutionize the cotton growing culture of the country.Keywords: Event detection; Bt Cotton; CEMB transgenic technology; GTGen

Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P < 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely