Valoración de la condición física en el contexto de la educación infantil: aplicaciones prácticas

La valoración de la condición física en población escolar por medio de test de campo es un tema ampliamente estudiado en el campo de las ciencias de la salud y el deporte. Sin embargo, muy poco se sabe acerca de qué tipo de pruebas pueden ser consideradas como de mayor utilidad en el contexto del segundo ciclo de la educación infantil (3-6 años). Esta revisión bibliográfica trata de aportar información sobre los test de campo considerados cómo más aconsejables para valorar la condición física en niños y niñas en edad preescolar, basándose en el estudio de sus propiedades psicométricas, facilidad y sencillez de aplicación, necesidad de recursos materiales y posibilidad de localizar valores medios orientativos que permitan conocer el nivel de competencia del evaluado. Los resultados obtenidos apuntan a que, a pesar de que existen diferentes pruebas para cada componente de la condición física, son escasos los test que cumplen todos los requisitos anteriormente mencionados

Influence of body mass index, physical fitness, and physical activity on energy expenditure during recess

This study aims to investigate the potential relationship between energy expenditure, physical fitness level, physical activity, and body mass index among children taking part in a 30 min school recess. A total of 259 participants from three schools were included in this study. Data on energy expenditure during recess, age, gender, anthropometric measurements, global physical fitness, and physical activity index were recorded. The evaluation sessions occurred twice a week on alternate days over two weeks. A significant gender difference was observed in energy expenditure during recess, favoring boys (p < 0.01). The participants classified as very active exhibited significantly higher scores compared to those categorized as sedentary and moderately active, respectively (p < 0.01), with a poor but significant correlation (rho: 0.208; p < 0.001). There were significant differences between energy expenditure and cardiorespiratory fitness and energy expenditure and global physical fitness (p < 0.01) with fair (rho: 0.289; p < 0.001) and poor (rho: 0.196, p = 0.001) correlation, respectively. In contrast, there were no significant differences by body mass index categories (p = 0.571). These results suggest that gender, physical activity index, and global physical fitness were found to influence energy expenditure during a 30 min recess. However, no significant relationships were found with the body mass index

The Efficacy of Re-Warm-Up Practices during Half-Time: A Systematic Review

[EN] Background and Objectives: The passive nature of rest breaks in sport could reduce athletes’ performance and even increase their risk of injury. Re-warm-up activities could help avoid these problems, but there is a lack of research on their efficacy. This systematic review aimed at analyzing the results of those randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that provided information on the effects of re-warm-up strategies. Materials and Methods: Four electronic databases (Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and SPORTDiscus) were searched from their inception to January 2021, for RCTs on the effects of re-warm-up activities on sports performance. Interventions had to be implemented just after an exercise period or sports competition. Studies that proposed activities that were difficult to replicate in the sport context or performed in a hot environment were excluded. Data were synthesized following PRISMA guidelines, while the risk of bias was assessed following the recom- mendations of the Cochrane Collaboration. Results: A total of 14 studies (178 participants) reporting data on acute or short-term effects were analyzed. The main outcomes were grouped into four broad areas: physiological measures, conditional abilities, perceptual skills, and sport efficiency measures. The results obtained indicated that passive rest decreases physiological function in athletes, while re-warm-up activities could help to improve athletes’ conditional abilities and sporting efficiency, despite showing higher fatigue levels in comparison with passive rest. The re-warm-up exercise showed to be more effective than passive rest to improve match activities and passing ability. Conclu- sions: Performing re-warm-up activities is a valuable strategy to avoid reducing sports performance during prolonged breaks. However, given that the methodological quality of the studies was not high, these relationships need to be further explored in official or simulated competitions

Boccia as a Rehabilitation Intervention for Adults With Severe Mobility Limitations Due to Neuromuscular and Other Neurological Disorders: Feasibility and Effects on Upper Limb Impairments.

Purpose Scant research exists regarding the effects of playing Boccia as a rehabilitation strategy for people with severe mobility limitations due to neuromuscular and other neurological disorders. This study is aimed at identifying the feasibility and effects of playing Boccia on the upper limb impairments of people with severe mobility limitations due to neuromuscular and other neurological disorders. Materials and Methods Seven people played Boccia three times per week for 20 weeks as part of the rehabilitation process, while other seven kept up with their usual rehabilitation schedule. Attrition, adherence, adverse effects, participation and completion rate were registered to assess feasibility. The effects of the program on grip, pinch strength and upper-limb active range of motion were assessed by means of a dynamometer and a goniometer. Results and Conclusions The program was feasible, although no effects were observed after its completion on variables assessed, except for hand flexion and ulnar deviation active range of motion. In a group of people with severe disability due to neuromuscular and other neurological disorders, playing Boccia as part of a multidisciplinary rehabilitation program was shown to be a feasible therapy. However, practicing this game did not lead to significant improvements in upper limb impairments, except for wrist flexion and ulnar deviation active range of motion.post-print268 K

Boccia as a Rehabilitation Intervention for Adults With Severe Mobility Limitations Due to Neuromuscular and Other Neurological Disorders: Feasibility and Effects on Upper Limb Impairments

[EN] Purpose: Scant research exists regarding the effects of playing Boccia as a rehabilitation strategy for people with severe mobility limitations due to neuromuscular and other neurological disorders. This study is aimed at identifying the feasibility and effects of playing Boccia on the upper limb impairments of people with severe mobility limitations due to neuromuscular and other neurological disorders. Materials and Methods: Seven people played Boccia three times per week for 20 weeks as part of the rehabilitation process, while other seven kept up with their usual rehabilitation schedule. Attrition, adherence, adverse effects, participation and completion rate were registered to assess feasibility. The effects of the program on grip, pinch strength and upper-limb active range of motion were assessed by means of a dynamometer and a goniometer. Results and Conclusions: The program was feasible, although no effects were observed after its completion on variables assessed, except for hand flexion and ulnar deviation active range of motion. In a group of people with severe disability due to neuromuscular and other neurological disorders, playing Boccia as part of a multidisciplinary rehabilitation program was shown to be a feasible therapy. However, practicing this game did not lead to significant improvements in upper limb impairments, except for wrist flexion and ulnar deviation active range of motion.SIMinistry of Education, Culture and Sports, Government of Spain (FPU12/05828

Physical activity, dietary habits and sleep quality before and during COVID-19 lockdown: A longitudinal study

[EN] The COVID-19 pandemic has forced the health public authorities to impose a lockdown as an epidemiological containment strategy. This study aimed to provide information regarding the impact of the mandatory confinement on the physical activity, eating disorders risk, sleep quality and well-being on a Spanish sample. An online survey that included the Minnesota Leisure Time Physical Activity Questionnaire, the Eating Attitude Test-26, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was administered two days after the state of alarm was stablished in Spain and five days after such measures began to be eased. Out of the 693 people who answered the first questionnaire, 161 completed the second one. These participants spent a total of 48 days locked at home, a period during which a significant worsening in all the variables assessed except for the risk of developing eating disorders, was observed: weight (kg), 67.3 ± 14.8 vs 67.7 ± 15.1, p = 0.012; physical activity (MET minutes per week), 8515.7 ± 10260.0 vs 5053.5 ± 5502.0, p < 0.001; sleep problems (total score), 6.2 ± 3.5 vs 7.2 ± 3.9, p < 0.001; self-perceived well-being (score), 4 (3–4) vs 3 (3–4), p < 0.001. The confinement had a significant differential effect on physically active participants, who experienced a significant decline (p < 0.05) on their physical activity levels, quality of sleep and well-being; whereas physically inactive participants did not experience significant changes. Findings from this longitudinal study indicate that a lockdown period due to COVID-19 had a negative impact on the physical activity levels, sleep quality and well-being in a group of physically active Spanish adults. Public health authorities should be aware that people who usually lead an active lifestyle, might be particularly susceptible to such disruptionsS

El impacto de COVID-19 en los hábitos saludables y el bienestar psicológico de jugadoras de balonmano chilenas

[ES] Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el impacto de la cuarentena por COVID-19 sobre los hábitos saludables en una muestra formada por jugadoras de balonmano de élite internacional chilenas. Las participantes rellenaron dos veces una encuesta online sobre sus niveles de actividad física, actitudes alimentarias, calidad del sueño y bienestar psicológico. La encuesta se envió cuatro semanas después de que se impusieran las restricciones a la movilidad en Chile, y 16 semanas más tarde, justo después de que comenzara la relajación de dichas restricciones. Se analizó a un total de 18 jugadoras de balonmano que competían en categorías senior, junior o juvenil. Los datos obtenidos indicaron que los niveles de actividad física disminuyeron significativamente, así como el bienestar psicológico. No se observaron cambios significativos en las actitudes alimentarias ni en la calidad del sueño, aunque se detectó una reducción significativa de los problemas de sueño. Las características sociodemográficas y deportivas no parecieron producir un efecto diferencial sobre las variables evaluadas.[EN] This study aimed to assess the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on healthy habits in a sample made up of Chilean international elite female handball players. Participants filled in an online survey regarding their physical activity levels, eating attitudes, sleep quality and psychological well-being, twice. The survey was sent within four weeks after mobility restrictions were imposed in Chile, and 16 weeks later, just after the easing of those restrictions began. A total of 18 female handball players who were competing in senior, junior or juvenile categories were analyzed. The obtained data indicated that physical activity levels decreased significantly, as well as psychological well-being. No significant changes were observed in the eating attitudes and sleep quality, although a significant reduction of sleep problems was detected. Sociodemographic and sport-related characteristics did not seem to produce a differential effect on the variables assessed.S

Re-warm-up practices in elite and sub-elite Spanish men's and women's basketball team:practitioners' perspectives

[EN] Objective: Research suggests that an active re-warm-up (RW-U) during half-time improves performance capacity in team sports, despite limited evidence in basketball. This study aimed to identify the practice of RW-U activities during the half-time period in elite and sub-elite Spanish men's and women's basketball teams. Methods: We asked strength and conditioning coaches from all teams competing at ACB, LF, LF2, LEB Oro, LEB Plata and EBA leagues during the 2020/21 season to fill in a web survey. Results: All respondents reported familiarization with the RW-U concept, although 45% only reproduced traditional strategies. Half of the coaches indicated that they always performed some activity, while the other half pointed out lack of time (45.7%) and player demands (62.9%) as the main constraints impeding its regular use. Conclusion: Spanish basketball teams continue to reproduce traditional practices of active re-warm-up during half-time, regardless of their competitive level

Feasibility of dog-assisted therapy as a strategy to improve balance and mobility in people with physical disabilities

Objetivo: Confirmar la factibilidad y analizar los cambios ocurridos en el equilibrio y la motricidad fina de un grupo de personas con discapacidad física tras un programa de rehabilitación física realizado con perros de terapia. Método: Un total de 10 personas adultas con discapacidad física participaron en un programa de terapia asistida con perros durante un trimestre, a razón de una sesión mensual de dos horas de duración. La muestra se dividió en dos grupos en función de su nivel de afectación física y se establecieron objetivos distintos para los mismos: mejora del equilibrio estático, dinámico y riesgo de caídas, valorado mediante la escala Tinetti (Grupo 1), mejora de la motricidad fina y coordinación valorada mediante la batería MABC-2 (Grupo 2). Resultados: El programa se mostró factible sin registro de efectos adversos ni abandonos. En el grupo-1 se observaron cambios pre-post en todas las variables de equilibrio y marcha evaluadas. En todos los casos fueron cambios interpretables como mejora y estadísticamente significativos. En el grupo-2 se observaron también cambios pre-post se observó un modesto porcentaje de ensayos fallidos y mientras que en el 49.6% restante se documentaron ensayos fallidos. Las 2/3 partes de los cambios observados en el grupo-2 fueron interpretables como mejora, pero ninguno estadísticamente significativo. Conclusiones: El empleo de perros como estrategia de terapia asistida en personas con discapacidad física es una opción rehabilitadora factible y de interés, que puede conllevar mejoras en su equilibrio, si bien tiene un impacto de poca magnitud en su nivel de motricidad fina y coordinaciónObjective: To confirm the feasibility and analyze the changes occurred in the balance and fine motor function of a group of people with physical disability after a physical rehabilitation program performed with therapy dogs. Methods: A total of 10 adult people with physical disability took part in a program of assisted therapy with dogs during a trimester through a 2-hours monthly session. The sample was divided into two groups according to their level of physical involvement, and different objectives were established for each of the groups: static balance enhancement, dynamic and falling risk valued with Tinetti scale (Group 1), fine motor function enhancement and coordination valued with battery MABC-2 (Group 2). Results: The program was shown to be feasible with no record of adverse effects or dropouts. In group 1, pre-post changes were observed in all balance and gait variables evaluated. In all cases these were changes that could be interpreted as improvements and were statistically significant. In group 2, prepost changes were observed in only half of the cases (51.4%), while in the remaining 49.6% failed trials were documented. Two-thirds of the changes observed in group-2 were interpretable as improvement, but none were statistically significant. Conclusions: Using dogs as strategy of assisted therapy in people with physical disability is a feasible and interesting rehabilitation option, which can carry improvements in their balance, while it has a small impact in their fine motor function and coordinatio

The most common handball injuries: a systematic review

Handball is a team sport involving a great physical demand from its practitioners in which a high number of injuries occur, affecting individual and collective performance. Knowledge of the injuries is of great importance for their prevention. The objective of the present study was to identify, locate and compare the most frequent injuries and injury mechanisms in handball practice. It was carried out following the Preferred Informed Item for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. The source of data collection was direct consultation of the PubMed and Medline databases. Several keywords were used for the documentary retrieval, and the quality of the studies that were selected was evaluated. Of the 707 studies retrieved, only 27 were considered appropriate for the review, and quality scores were obtained that ranged from 10 to 26 points, out of a maximum of 28. The most frequent injuries in handball players are located in the lower limbs (thigh, knee and ankle), and in the shoulder in the upper limbs. Regarding the playing position, the players who play over the 6-m line are the most affected by injuries, while the women players have a higher probability of injury. Most injuries occur during competition.Gobierno regional de Extremadura | Ref. GR 2114