FORMULATION AND PENETRATION TESTING OF ETHOSOME AZELAIC ACID ON ABDOMINAL SKIN WHITE MALE RATS (RATTUS NORVEGICUS) WITH FRANZ DIFFUSION CELL

 Objective: Development of transdermal drug delivery systems has several advantages, especially drugs to have a poor penetration of stratum corneum in the skin. Azelaic acid has been proven bactericidal and bacteriostatic to acnes bacteria (Propionibacterium acnes). Azelaic acid products in market as cream and gel can only penetration in stratum corneum about 4% of the dosage used. Thus, it is necessary to increase the penetration of azelaic acid to formulate into a carrier system such as ethosome.Methods: Manufacture of suspension ethosom azelaic acid using thin layer hydration method or classical method. Suspension ethosom of azelaic acid to obtained subsequent freeze dried before formulated in cream preparation. After that, the penetration test for ethosom cream and non ethosom cream of azelaic acid with Franz Diffusion Cell.Results: Optimization formulation ethosom of azelaic acid with variations concentration of ethanol 30%, 35% and 40%. Ethosome with 35% ethanol had entrapment efficiency higher than 30% and 40% ethanol as 94.48±0.14% and had smaller particle size 179.3±2.23 nm. Penetration test for ethosome cream and non-ethosome cream of azelaic acid showed that cumulative amount was 1334.074±27.086 μg/cm2 h and 491.032±3.935 μg/cm2 h.Conclusion: Ethosome cream of azelaic acid has better penetration capabilities than non-ethosom cream of azelaic acid

Therapeutic Storytelling untuk Menurunkan Stres pada Anak Penderita Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)

Proses pengobatan melalui kemoterapi pada anak dengan Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) membutuhkan waktu yang lama dan merupakan proses yang menyakitkan. Hal ini menyebabkan munculnya stres pada anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menerapkan intervensi therapeutic storytelling untuk menurunkan tingkat stres anak. Partisipan dalam penelitian ini adalah 2 anak ALL berusia 10-12 tahun yang menjalani kemoterapi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen semu dengan desain penelitian subjek tunggal (small-n). Intervensi diberikan melalui proses mendongeng dengan buku cerita yang disusun oleh peneliti. Ceritanya melibatkan elemen positif (Cope, Hope, Inner Strengths, Love, dan Dream) yang membantu anak untuk mengidentifikasi elemen positif yang mereka miliki yang dapat mereka gunakan untuk melakukan tinjauan terhadap situasi yang dihadapi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terapi storytelling dapat menurunkan tingkat stres pada anak ALL

Pengambilan Keputusan mengenai Pengobatan pada Pasien Kanker Payudara yang Menjalani Pengobatan Tradisional

There were breast cancer patients who undergo traditional treatment. The aim of this study was to describe the contributing factors in traditional treatment decision making. Five breast cancer patients were recruited from an online survey, cancer community, and traditional treatment clinic. Respondents filled the demographic and clinical characteristic form and also interviewed. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. The result of this study was most of the respondents put more trust in traditional treatment therapist rather than a doctor. Most of them undergo a traditional treatment because they perceived the benefits of the treatment. A family member suggested they undergo traditional treatment. There were several factors that contributed to participant’s decision to undergo a traditional treatment; ie (1) the view about health care provider, (2) the perceived benefit from the treatment and (3) the source of recommendation about the use of traditional treatment

Perception of information about COVID-19 and protective behaviours in relation to feelings of anxiety and happiness

This study aimed to assess the perception of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) information provision and the health protective behavior as potential factors of feelings of anxiety and happiness among the general population in Indonesia during the outbreak. We conducted an online survey using snowball sampling techniques. The online survey collected information about demographic data, information provision of COVID-19, health prevention behaviors, and feelings of anxiety and happiness. This study involved 3,686 participants in Indonesia in the period from 2nd of April to 4th of April 2020. We found that the most frequent source of information reported was social media. The majority of participants were satisfied with the amount of information provided (98%), however 54% of the participants reported that no information or very little information about the screening/test and the treatment of COVID-19 was provided. The most frequent protective behaviour was implemented cough attitude, avoided handshake, and applied physical distancing. High exposure of Information about COVID-19 and doing preventive measures were associated with greater anxiety. Nonetheless, some preventive measures appeared to be positively associated with feelings of happiness. Our results give an indications about the information provision, application of preventive measure and the factors associated with feelings of anxiety and happiness

Influence of Hypnotherapy to Reduce the Anxiety of School-Age Children in the Preoperative Phase in the Guntur Room of Level II Dustira Cimahi Hospital

Aims: Preoperative anxiety in school-age children is an important problem for children who will carry out major surgery. When not resolved the problem results in a negative postoperative response such as higher pain, impaired sleep patterns, no appetite and changes in maladaptive behavior over the next two weeks. Pharmacological therapy is not given to psychosocial problems related to anxiety in school-aged children. So, it is necessary to trace the results of research related to non-pharmacological therapy. One of the non-pharmacological therapies used is Hypnotherapy. This study aims to analyze the effect of hypnotherapy in reducing anxiety in the preoperative phase by using the Modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (mYPAS) instrument. Hypnotherapy intervention is carried out structurally in the preoperative phase. Methods: This type of research is a Quasy Experiment with a time series design research design through pretest and posttest one group design. The technique used in this study was purposive sampling with 24 samples. Analysis of the data used consisted of univariate and bivariate. Univariates in this study describe the median while bivariate use Wilcoxon. Results: The results of the statistical analysis showed a significant difference between the anxiety test before and after the hypnotherapy intervention was given (p-value 0,0001). Conclusion: Influence of hypnotherapy to reduce the anxiety of school-age children in the preoperative phase in the Guntur room of level II Dustira Cimahi Hospital. Suggestions for nurses are expected to develop science and skills in complementary nursing and can be used as a companion intervention in overcoming preoperative anxiety in children

Teacher and Problem in Student with ADHD in Indonesia : A Case Study

Students with ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) often experience academic and social problems at school because of their behavior problems. The teacher becomes one of the main figures who can help students with ADHD in the school. However, research about problem in students with ADHD from teachers’ perspective has limited empirical evidence in Indonesia. In the study, we explored the perception and experiences of teacher towards problem in students with ADHD and how teachers handle the problem in school. We conducted case study using semi-structured interview with purposive sampling technique for 38 elementary school teachers in Indonesia. We found that most teachers still lacking knowledge about ADHD. Students with ADHD had several problems including problem with themselves, problem in social relation, problem in academic, negative behavior problem, negative label from the surroundings problem. The teacher’s intervention in dealing student with ADHD were using learning strategies, cooperation with parent and expert, arise awareness to the surrounding about ADHD and suggestion for doing treatment. Our study seeds light that teachers need to improve their knowledge and awareness by finding information about ADHD, understanding about problem in student with ADHD and how to handle the problem more appropriate to provide the best service for student with ADHD. Supporting policy from school and government is needed to provide training program for teachers to handle student with ADHD adequately

TINGKAT BURNOUT CAREGIVER KLIEN SKIZOFRENIA DI DESA KERSAMANAH KABUPATEN GARUT

The prevalence of burnout in caregiver clients schizophrenia shows a fairly high rate compared with other chronic diseases. Burnout is a psychological tension that is specifically related to chronic stress experienced by individuals from day to day and is characterized by a state of physical, mental, and emotional exhaustion. This condition can cause the caregiver to experience depression or mental disorder. The purpose of this research is to indicate the burnout caregiver level of schizophrenia clients.  This research is a descriptive research conducted in the Village Kersamanah, Garut Regency. The caregiver burnout rate is measured using Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS). The results show that the burnout caregiver level of schizophrenic clients most of caregiver were at high burnout rate–sixty three percent (63%). The results of this study are expected to shade a light of knowledge in the mental treatment nursing, especially to overcome psychosocial problems, particularly in burnout that occurs in caregiver schizophrenia.Keywords: burnout, caregiver, schizophreni

The use of mobile-assisted virtual reality in fear of darkness therapy

Fear of darkness is a common psychological problem that may extent to a specific phobia if it is not treated well. Several intervention techniques related to fear and phobia using actual exposure therapy have been studied for decades, however, there were some constraints emerged when the therapist provides a real environment to overcome the patient's reaction to his/her specific fear. Virtual reality (VR) technology is an innovative tool providing a more immersive, secure, personal, and controlled virtual environment. Therefore, we developed a novel framework for treating the fear of darkness named Mobile-assisted Virtual Reality (MAVR). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of MAVR to treat fear of darkness based on usability, time consumption and its ability to decrease fear. We used the GOMS model as an interaction guidance between human and computer which aimed to facilitate the process of re-learning in mindset change and individual’s behavioral toward situation of darkness and night. Therefore, a comprehensive evaluation was conducted to measure the efficacy of the MAVR. We developed the usability assessment checklist to assess the feasibility and acceptability of the MAVR, and fear of darkness thermometer to measure the degree of fear. The Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test showed that the fear of darkness was significantly decreased after participants received the MAVR therapy (z=-3.550, p-value<0.001). We found that the MAVR was very useful, easy to be used and acceptable for participants. In conclusion, this study highlights the efficacy of Mobile-assisted Virtual Reality in treating specific fear, and it seems that Virtual Reality technology has a promising benefit to be implemented for other fear or specific phobia and also used in other psychological treatment