Dos Siddis aos Dalits: Preconceito racial na Índia, o legado do sistema de castas

The African nations and India have several common features, and both were the subjects of colonial exploitation and oppression for a long period. Yet, in recent decades, the thousands of African students in India have faced harassment and intimidation at the hands of the local public. Why is there so much hostility between the people of the two regions? What makes the African students and youth in India tick against the backdrop of xenophobia and socioeconomic deprivation? In attempting to answer these questions, this paper argues that the discrimination the African diaspora communities experience in India is rooted in India’s identity as a society built on the Hindu system of caste hierarchy. The paper further points out that the African indigenous religions and cultures, on arrival in India, blended with the local traditions in the process providing a spiritual and emotional anchor for the immigrants.As Nações Africanas e a Índia têm diversas características em comum, e foram sujeitas à exploração e opressão colonial por um longo período. Ainda assim, nas últimas décadas, os milhares de estudantes africanos na Índia têm enfrentado assédio e intimidação nas mãos do público local. Por que há tanta hostilidade entre os povos das duas regiões? O que faz com que estudantes africanos e jovens na índia se liguem ao pano de fundo da xenofobia e da destruição socioeconômica? Na tentativa de responder esas perguntas, este texto argumenta que a discriminação que as comunidades da diaspora africana experienciam na Índia tem suas raízes na identidade da Índia como uma sociedade construída sobre a hierarquia do sistema de castas Hindu. Este artigo também indica que as culturas e religiões indígenas africanas, ao chegar à Índia, se misturaram com as tradições locais nesse processo, proporcionando um ponto de apoio espiritual e emocional para os imigrantes

God\u27s Triumphant Kingdom (Original Title Unavailable)

1990/04/11. Calls Christians to recognize the need for evangelism in their communities and to teach the whole gospel about God\u27s kingdom. President, Union Biblical Seminary, Puna, India; Founder and Chairman, Asia Theological Association

The greatness of God: the prayer of Jeremiah

https://place.asburyseminary.edu/ecommonsatschapelservices/5703/thumbnail.jp

Understanding World Christianity: India

In this exciting volume, Dyron B. Daughrity and Jesudas M. Athyal offer an introduction to Indian Christianity that has been desperately needed by scholars, students, and interested readers alike. Rich in experience and knowledge, Daughrity and Athyal introduce readers to the vibrancy of Indian Christianity like no other authors have done before.https://digitalcommons.pepperdine.edu/religionbooks/1007/thumbnail.jp

Accuracy of the Fischer scoring system and the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System in identification of malignant breast lesions

<b>Background and Objectives :</b>Fischer developed a scoring system in 1999 that made identifying malignant lesions much easier for inexperienced radiologists. Our study was performed to assess whether this scoring system would help beginners to accurately diagnose breast lesions on magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and to assess the correlation between the magnetic resonance mammography Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (MRM BI-RADS) grade and the final diagnosis. <b>Patients and Methods :</b>The lesion morphology and contrast kinetics of 63 masses in 41 patients were evaluated on MRI and accorded a MRM BI-RADS final assessment category using the Fischer scoring system. The accuracy was evaluated after the final diagnosis was obtained by tissue sampling and follow-up imaging. <b>Results:</b> There were 25 malignant and 30 benign lesions. Eight lesions were seen by MRI only and we could not verify their pathology since we did not have MR-guided biopsy facilities at the time of the study. On MR mammography, the proven carcinomatous lesions were characterized as BI-RADS category V in 16 (64&#x0025;), category IV in 7 (28&#x0025;), and category III in 2 (8&#x0025;) lesions. Benign lesions were graded as category V in 3 (10&#x0025;), category IV in 6 (20&#x0025;), and category III in 3 (10&#x0025;), category II in 10 (33&#x0025;) and category I in 8 (27&#x0025;) lesions. The MRM BI-RADS category accurately predicted malignancy in 92&#x0025; and a benign pathology in 70&#x0025; of the lesions. The overlap between the MRM features of chronic inflammatory lesions and carcinomas resulted in a lower accuracy in diagnosing benign as compared to malignant lesions. <b>Conclusion:</b> The MRM BI-RADS lexicon using the Fischer scoring system is useful and has a high predictive value, especially for malignant breast lesions, and is easy to apply. Overlapping features between benign inflammatory and malignant lesions might yield a reduced accuracy in inflammatory pathologies

Intraoperative ultrasound in determining the extent of resection of parenchymal brain tumours &#8211; a comparative study with computed tomography and histopathology

BACKGROUND: Radical excision of parenchymal brain tumours is generally associated with a better long-term outcome; however, it is difficult to ascertain the extent of resection at surgery. We used intra-operative ultrasound [IOUS] to help detect residual tumour and define the tumour-brain interface. METHODS: Thirty-five patients with parenchymal brain lesions including 11 low-grade and 22 high-grade tumours and 2 inflammatory granulomata were included in the study. The IOUS was used to localize tumours not seen on the surface, define their margins and assess the extent of resection at the end of surgery. Multiple samples from the tumour-brain interface which were reported as tumour or normal tissue on IOUS were submitted to histopathology. The IOUS findings were compared with a postoperative contrast enhanced computed tomogram [CT] and with histopathology. RESULTS: All tumours irrespective of histology were hyperechoic on IOUS. IOUS was useful in localizing those tumours not seen on the surface of the brain. In 71.4% of cases IOUS was useful in defining their margins, however in the remaining cases the margins were ill-defined. The tumour margins were ill-defined in those treated previously by radiation. With regard to the extent of excision, after excluding the cases who were irradiated, it was found that in the 28 patients who had parenchymal neoplasms, there was concordance between the ultrasound findings and the postoperative CT scan in 23 cases. Of the 79 samples taken from the tumor-brain interface which were reported as tumour on ultrasound, 66 had histopathological evidence of tumour while 13 samples were negative for tumour. On the other hand, in the tissue sent from 17 sites where the IOUS showed no residual tumour, 2 were positive for tumour on histopathology while 15 were negative. INTERPRETATION: In conclusion, IOUS is a cheap and useful real-time tool for localizing tumours not seen on the brain surface, for defining their margins and for determining the extent of resection

Accuracy of the Fischer scoring system and the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System in identification of malignant breast lesions

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVESFischer developed a scoring system in 1999 that made identifying malignant lesions much easier for inexperienced radiologists. our study was performed to assess whether this scoring system would help beginners to accurately diagnose breast lesions on magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and to assess the correlation between the magnetic resonance mammography breast imaging reporting and data system (MRM BI-RADS) grade and the final diagnosis.PATIENTS AND METHODSThe lesion morphology and contrast kinetics of 63 masses in 41 patients were evaluated on MRI and accorded a MRM BI-RADS final assessment category using the Fischer scoring system. The accuracy was evaluated after the final diagnosis was obtained by tissue sampling and follow-up imaging.RESULTSThere were 25 malignant and 30 benign lesions. Eight lesions were seen by MRI only and we could not verify their pathology since we did not have MR-guided biopsy facilities at the time of the study. On MR mammography, the proven carcinomatous lesions were characterized as BI-RADS category V in 16 (64%), category IV in 7 (28%), and category III in 2 (8%) lesions. Benign lesions were graded as category V in 3 (10%), category IV in 6 (20%), and category III in 3 (10%), category II in 10 (33%) and category I in 8 (27%) lesions. The MRM BI-RADS category accurately predicted malignancy in 92% and a benign pathology in 70% of the lesions. The overlap between the MRM features of chronic inflammatory lesions and carcinomas resulted in a lower accuracy in diagnosing benign as compared to malignant lesions.CONCLUSIONThe MRM BI-RADS lexicon using the Fischer scoring system is useful and has a high predictive value, especially for malignant breast lesions, and is easy to apply. Overlapping features between benign inflammatory and malignant lesions might yield a reduced accuracy in inflammatory pathologies