SU HASARI ÖNLEYİCİ KATKILARIN TEKERLEK İZİ DİRENCİNE ETKİSİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI

Su hasarı ve kalıcı deformasyon, sıcak karışım asfalt kaplamalarda başlıca hasar biçimleridir. Laboratuarda, asfalt karışımlara çeşitli çevresel hasar koşullama sistemleri uygulanabilmektedir. Bu şekilde, bir performans problemi belirli yönleri ile araştırılabilmektedir. Ancak uygulama koşullarında farklı problemlerin birlikte gelişiyor olması, sorunların değerlendirilmesini zorlaştırmaktadır. Sıcak karışım asfaltların su hasarı duyarlılığı kaplamanın hasarında önemlidir. Su hasarından kaynaklanan deformasyonu kontrol etmek için su hasarı (soyulma) önleyici katkıların kullanımı öne çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, asfalt kaplamalarda soyulma önleyici katkı olan yağ asidi türevli amin katkısının tekerlek izi problemi üzerindeki etkisinin orta ve yüksek sıcaklıkta araştırılmasıdır. Tekerlek izi direncini belirlemek için tekrarlı yük sünme deneyi kullanılmıştır. Kontrol ve amin modifiye karışım örnekleri iki gruba ayrılarak bir gruba suya dayalı koşullama uygulanmıştır. Koşulsuz ve koşullu örnekler 20oC ve 40oC sıcaklıkta test edilmiştir. Her iki sıcaklıkta da amin katkısı karışımın tekerlek izi direncini arttırdı. Seçilen koşullama sisteminin karışımların performansı üzerinde gözlemlenebilir hasar seviyesi oluşturabildiği görülmüştür

Prognostic factors and clinical features of rhino-orbital-mucormycosis cases: an update for patient and visual survivals

AIM: To determine the frequency of patients' vision survival and prognostic factors and evaluate clinical features in rhino-orbital mucormycosis. METHODS: Forty-three eyes of 43 patients followed up with orbital mucormycosis infections were included in the study. Demographic characteristics of the patients, symptoms at admission, ophthalmologic and non-ophthalmologic examination findings, clinical findings during follow-up, medical and surgical procedures, and complications were recorded. Patient survival was determined by assessing the incidence of mortality, and vision survival was defined as achieving a final visual acuity of at least light perception. RESULTS: Twenty-seven (62.8%) patients were male, and 16 (37.2%) were female. When the underlying disease status of the patients was examined, it was observed that all patients had an underlying disease and diabetes constituted the majority (65.2%). Periorbital swelling (69.8%) and ophthalmoplegia (53.5%) were the most common symptoms and findings at the admission of patients with mucormycosis infection. The disease resulted in death in 22 (51.2%) patients. The presence of fever and shorter duration of antifungal therapy were associated with lower patient survival. Exenteration surgery was not found to be associated with the survival of the patients. Frozen eye, loss of pupillary light reflex, and development of central retinal artery occlusion were associated with lower vision survival. CONCLUSION: This study presents one of the most extensive patient series in the literature on rhino-orbital mucormycosis. Knowing the patients' symptoms at the time of admission and the clinical findings during the infection process will increase awareness about the disease

EVALUATION OF ASPHALT PAVEMENT PERFORMANCE FOR DIFFERENT DIATOMITE CONTENT

The majority of steel and reinforced concrete bridges are produced with asphalt pavement. The reason for this is to protect steel and concrete structures from the effects of water and degrading salt additives and to increase their durability. Asphalt bridge superstructures are mostly manufactured with four layers. These layers are the primer bonding layer, waterproofing layer, protection layer and surface asphalt wearing layers. The superstructure must protect the supporting substructure. It should protect the life of the structure and ensure the integrity of the structure against permanent deformation, aging, raveling, water damage and chemical effects. Diatomite additive is used as a performance enhancer in various aspects. It is generally preferred in the region of 5%-15% according to the bitumen mass. The granulometric size and chemical properties of the diatomite additive are other effective factors. In this study, the rutting resistance of conventional and diatomite-modified asphalt pavement for 5% and 10% ratios for selected diatomite additive gradation is investigated. The rutting resistance of the pavements is investigated by repeated creep tests for two different additive ratios on water-damaged and control mixtures. In unconditioned samples, 5% diatomite-modified mixtures; in conditioned samples, 10% diatomite-modified mixtures showed the greatest deformation resistance

The frequency of Duchenne muscular dystrophy/Becker muscular dystrophy and Pompe disease in children with isolated transaminase elevation: results from the observational VICTORIA study

IntroductionElevated transaminases and/or creatine phosphokinase can indicate underlying muscle disease. Therefore, this study aims to determine the frequency of Duchenne muscular dystrophy/Becker muscular dystrophy (DMD/BMD) in male children and Pompe disease (PD) in male and female children with isolated hypertransaminasemia.MethodsThis multi-center, prospective study enrolled patients aged 3–216 months with serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and/or aspartate transaminase (AST) levels >2× the upper limit of normal (ULN) for ≥3 months. Patients with a known history of liver or muscle disease or physical examination findings suggestive of liver disease were excluded. Patients were screened for creatinine phosphokinase (CPK) levels, and molecular genetic tests for DMD/BMD in male patients and enzyme analysis for PD in male and female patients with elevated CPK levels were performed. Genetic analyses confirmed PD. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of the patients were analyzed.ResultsOverall, 589 patients [66.8% male, mean age of 63.4 months (standard deviation: 60.5)] were included. In total, 251 patients (188 male and 63 female) had CPK levels above the ULN. Of the patients assessed, 47% (85/182) of male patients were diagnosed with DMD/BMD and 1% (3/228) of male and female patients were diagnosed with PD. The median ALT, AST, and CPK levels were statistically significantly higher, and the questioned neurological symptoms and previously unnoticed examination findings were more common in DMD/BMD patients than those without DMD/BMD or PD (p < 0.001).DiscussionQuestioning neurological symptoms, conducting a complete physical examination, and testing for CPK levels in patients with isolated hypertransaminasemia will prevent costly and time-consuming investigations for liver diseases and will lead to the diagnosis of occult neuromuscular diseases. Trial RegistrationClinicaltrials.gov NCT04120168

Performance of cement modified dense graded cold-mix asphalt and establishing mathematical model

512-519 Cold-mix asphalts have several advantages regarding economical, ecological and logistical aspects over hot-mix asphalts. But, cold-mix asphalts have poor performance and are deteriorated in case of additional external water entrance before mixture curing is completed. This study has been focused on to solve these problems and present an alternative to hot mixtures. Cold-mix asphalt specimens with dense graded aggregate were prepared according to Marshall method for emulsified asphalt-aggregate cold mixture design. Portland cement has been substituted for mineral filler in an increased percent, from 0% to 6%. Cold-mix asphalt specimens have been prepared with 4.2%, 5.2% and 6.2% of residual asphalt contents. Indirect tensile test, static and repeated load asphalt creep tests, and water damage test have been performed on the specimens. In addition to these tests, the moisture losses of specimens that took place in time are also measured. Based on the experimental work, it has been concluded that dense graded cement modified emulsion mixtures are of great performance compared to hot mixtures with the same aggregate grading and bitumen content. A mathematical model has also been developed for determining the resilient modulus of cold-mix asphalt. </smarttagtype

Seismic Evaluation of an Existing Reinforced Concrete Building Based on FEMA P-2018 Methodology

The major earthquakes in Türkiye in recent years have shown the importance of assessing the building stock. However, modeling and assessing these structures realistically is a very time-consuming option. The FEMA P- 2018 report, published by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), provides a simplified methodology for evaluating older reinforced concrete structures that are likely to collapse, making building stock assessment efforts easier in terms of time. FEMA P-2018 procedures include the following steps: identifying the critical stories and components by estimating effective yield strength based on four collapse mechanisms, calculating drift demands and capacities of critical stories and components, evaluating collapse potential by comparing demand and capacities, determining column and wall ratings and final step is determining collapse potential rating of the structure. This study considers the behavior of an existing reinforced concrete building in Bayraklı, İzmir. The earthquake behavior of the structure was evaluated with FEMA P-2018 guidelines.</p

Effect of Glass Cullet Size and Hydrated Lime—Nanoclay Additives on the Mechanical Properties of Glassphalt Concrete

In this study, the use of glass waste as aggregate in asphalt mixtures was investigated. Maximum glass aggregate size options of 0.075, 2.00, 4.75 and 9.5 mm. were selected. Conventional bitumen, nanoclay-modified bitumen and hydrated lime-modified bitumen were used. Dense graded asphalt mixtures were designed according to the Marshall method. Mixtures were evaluated for low-temperature cracking, resistance to water damage, fatigue, and permanent deformation behavior with repeated creep, indirect tensile strength, indirect tensile fatigue, modified Lottman and Hamburg wheel tracking tests. Increasing glass aggregate size reduced the water damage resistance of asphalt mixtures because of the smooth surface of the glass particles and nanoclay and hydrated lime modification improved the mechanical properties of the asphalt mixtures. Using 2.00 mm sized maximum glass aggregate showed relatively less water damage and deformation properties due to higher internal friction which is due to the greater angularity of the glass particles. In addition, there was a significant correlation between repeated creep test, modified Lottman methods and Hamburg Wheel tracking test from the viewpoint of deformation and water damage assessments

Effect of Glass Cullet Size and Hydrated Lime&mdash;Nanoclay Additives on the Mechanical Properties of Glassphalt Concrete

In this study, the use of glass waste as aggregate in asphalt mixtures was investigated. Maximum glass aggregate size options of 0.075, 2.00, 4.75 and 9.5 mm. were selected. Conventional bitumen, nanoclay-modified bitumen and hydrated lime-modified bitumen were used. Dense graded asphalt mixtures were designed according to the Marshall method. Mixtures were evaluated for low-temperature cracking, resistance to water damage, fatigue, and permanent deformation behavior with repeated creep, indirect tensile strength, indirect tensile fatigue, modified Lottman and Hamburg wheel tracking tests. Increasing glass aggregate size reduced the water damage resistance of asphalt mixtures because of the smooth surface of the glass particles and nanoclay and hydrated lime modification improved the mechanical properties of the asphalt mixtures. Using 2.00 mm sized maximum glass aggregate showed relatively less water damage and deformation properties due to higher internal friction which is due to the greater angularity of the glass particles. In addition, there was a significant correlation between repeated creep test, modified Lottman methods and Hamburg Wheel tracking test from the viewpoint of deformation and water damage assessments