The genus Gautieria (Gomphales) in Europe and the Mediterranean Basin : a morphological and phylogenetic taxonomic revision

Type material and additional collections of 11 taxa of Gautieria described in Europe and North Africa have been studied, namely G. dubia , G. graveolens , G. morchelliformis var. globispora , G. morchelliformis var. magnicellaris , G. morchelliformis var. morchelliformis , G. morchelliformis var. stenospora , G. otthii , G. pseudovestita , G. retirugosa , G. trabutii and G. villosa . At the same time, morphological and genetic studies on recent and herbarium collections from several European countries have been carried out. This enabled clarification of sections within Gautieria and differentiation of 28 taxa, of which 21 are new to science. However, the deeper relationships and nomenclature changes related to the phylogenetic position of the genus Gautieria within Gomphaceae will not be addressed in this study because they would require a more complete molecular analysis together with that of related genera, e. g., Gomphus , Turbinellus , and the four subgenera of Ramaria . In addition, a lectotype for G. villosa var. villosa and reference specimens for G. graveolens and G. morchelliformis var. morchelliformis are selected, and the new combination G. morchelliformis var. dubia is proposed. Detailed descriptions, macro- and microphotographs and distribution maps of all taxa are provided, as well as extensive information on their ecology, chorology and phylogeny. A key is included to facilitate identification of taxa

New records and noteworthy data of plants, algae and fungi in SE Europe and adjacent regions, 13

This paper presents new records and noteworthy data on the following taxa in SE Europe and adjacent regions: brown alga Heribaudiella fluviatilis, red alga Batrachospermum skujae, saprotrophic fungus Gnomonia geranii-macrorrhizi, mycorrhizal fungi Amanita alseides and Russula griseascens, liverwort Ricciocarpos natans, moss Blindia acuta, Leucodon sciuroides var. morensis and Pseudostereodon procerrimus, monocots Allium ampeloprasum, Carex ferruginea and Carex limosa and dicots Convolvulus althaeoides, Fumana aciphylla, Hieracium petrovae, Lamium bifidum subsp. bifidum and Ranunculus fontanus are given within SE Europe and adjacent region

Fungal Planet description sheets: 1478-1549

Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Australia, Aschersonia mackerrasiae on whitefly, Cladosporium corticola on bark of Melaleuca quinquenervia, Penicillium nudgee from soil under Melaleuca quinquenervia, Pseudocercospora blackwoodiae on leaf spot of Persoonia falcata, and Pseudocercospora dalyelliae on leaf spot of Senna alata. Bolivia, Aspicilia lutzoniana on fully submersed siliceous schist in high-mountain streams, and Niesslia parviseta on the lower part and apothecial discs of Erioderma barbellatum onatwig. Brazil, Cyathus bonsai on decaying wood, Geastrum albofibrosum from moist soil with leaf litter, Laetiporus pratigiensis on a trunk of a living unknown hardwood tree species, and Scytalidium synnematicum on dead twigs of unidentified plant. Bulgaria, Amanita abscondita on sandy soil in a plantation of Quercus suber. Canada, Penicillium acericola on dead bark of Acer saccharum, and Penicillium corticola on dead bark of Acer saccharum. China, Colletotrichum qingyuanense on fruit lesion of Capsicum annuum. Denmark, Helminthosphaeria leptospora on corticioid Neohypochnicium cremicolor. Ecuador (Galapagos), Phaeosphaeria scalesiae on Scalesia sp. Finland, Inocybe jacobssonii on calcareouss oils in dry forests and park habitats. France, Cortinarius rufomyrrheus on sandy soil under Pinus pinaster, and Periconia neominutissima on leaves of Poaceae. India, Coprinopsis fragilis on decaying bark of logs, Filoboletus keralensis on unidentified woody substrate, Penicillium sankaranii from soil, Physisporinus tamilnaduensis on the trunk of Azadirachta indica, and Poronia nagaraholensis on elephant dung. Iran, Neosetophoma fic on infected leaves of Ficus elastica. Israel, Cnidariophoma eilatica (incl. Cnidariophoma gen. nov.) from Stylophora pistillata. Italy, Lyophyllum obscurum on acidic soil. Namibia, Aureobasidium faidherbiae on dead leaf of Faidherbia albida, and Aureobasidium welwitschiae on dead leaves of Welwitschia mirabilis. Netherlands, Gaeumannomycella caricigena on dead culms of Carex elongata, Houtenomyces caricicola (incl. Houtenomyces gen. nov.) on culms of Carex disticha, Neodacampia ulmea (incl. Neodacampia gen. nov.) on branch of Ulmus laevis, Niesslia phragmiticola on dead standing culms of Phragmites australis, Pseudopyricularia caricicola on culms of Carex disticha, and Rhodoveronaea nieuwwulvenica on dead bamboo sticks. Norway, Arrhenia similis half-buried and moss-covered pieces of rotting wood in grass-grownpath. Pakistan, Mallocybe ahmadii on soil. Poland, Beskidomyces laricis (incl. Beskidomyces gen. nov.) from resin of Larix decidua ssp. polonica, Lapidomyces epipinicola from sooty mould community on Pinus nigra, and Leptographium granulatum from a gallery of Dendroctonus micans on Picea abies. Portugal, Geoglossum azoricum on mossy areas of laurel forest areas planted with Cryptomeria japonica, and Lunasporangiospora lusitanica from a biofilm covering a bio deteriorated limestone wall. Qatar, Alternaria halotolerans from hypersaline sea water, and Alternaria qatarensis from water sample collected from hypersaline lagoon. South Africa, Alfaria thamnochorti on culm of Thamnochortus fraternus, Knufia aloeicola on Aloe gariepensis, Muriseptatomyces restionacearum (incl.Muriseptatomyces gen. nov.) on culms of Restionaceae, Neocladosporium arctotis on nest of cases of bagworm moths(Lepidoptera, Psychidae) on Arctotis auriculata, Neodevriesia scadoxi on leaves of Scadoxus puniceus, Paraloratospora schoenoplecti on stems of Schoenoplectus lacustris, Tulasnella epidendrea from the roots of Epidendrum × obrienianum, and Xenoidriella cinnamomi (incl. Xenoidriella gen. nov.) on leaf of Cinnamomum camphora. South Korea, Lemonniera fraxinea on decaying leaves of Fraxinus sp. frompond. Spain, Atheniella lauri on the bark of fallen trees of Laurus nobilis, Halocryptovalsa endophytica from surface-sterilised, asymptomatic roots of Salicornia patula, Inocybe amygdaliolens on soil in mixed forest, Inocybe pityusarum on calcareous soil in mixed forest, Inocybe roseobulbipes on acidic soils, Neonectria borealis from roots of Vitis berlandieri × Vitis rupestris, Sympoventuria eucalyptorum on leaves of Eucalyptus sp., and Tuber conchae fromsoil. Sweden, Inocybe bidumensis on calcareous soil. Thailand, Cordyceps sandindaengensis on Lepidoptera pupa, buried in soil, Ophiocordyceps kuchinaraiensis on Coleoptera larva, buried in soil, and Samsoniella winandae on Lepidoptera pupa, buriedinsoil. Taiwan region (China), Neophaeosphaeria livistonae on dead leaf of Livistona rotundifolia. Türkiye, Melanogaster anatolicus on clay loamy soils. UK, Basingstokeomyces allii (incl. Basingstokeomyces gen. nov.) on leaves of Allium schoenoprasum. Ukraine, Xenosphaeropsis corni on recently dead stem of Cornus alba. USA, Nothotrichosporon aquaticum (incl. Nothotrichosporon gen. nov.) from water, and Periconia philadelphiana from swab of coil surface. Morphological and culture characteristics for these new taxa are supported by DNA barcodes.The work of P.W. Crous and colleagues benefitted from funding by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (RISE) under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 101008129, project acronym ‘Mycobiomics’, and the Dutch NWO Roadmap grant agreement No. 2020/ENW/00901156, project ‘Netherlands Infrastructure for Ecosystem and Biodiversity Analysis – Authoritative and Rapid Identification System for Essential biodiversity information’(acronym NIEBAARISE). G. Gulden, B. Rian and I. Saar thank K. Bendiksen at the fungarium and G. Marthinsen at NorBol, both Natural History Museum, University of Oslo for valuable help with the collections, and the sequencing of our finds of A. similis from 2022. Sincere thanks to A. Voitk for assistance with the colour plate and review of the manuscript. I. Saar was supported by the Estonian Research Council (grant PRG1170). P. Rodriguez-Flakus and co-authors are greatly indebted to their colleagues and all staff of the Herbario Nacional de Bolivia, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Mayor de SanAndrés, La Paz, for their generous long-term cooperation. Their research was financially supported by the National Science Centre (NCN) in Poland (grants numbers 2018/02/X/NZ8/02362 and 2021/43/B/NZ8/02902). Y.P. Tan and colleagues thank M.K. Schutze (Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Queensland, Australia) for determining the identity of the insect hosts for Aschersonia mackerrasiae. The Australian Biological Resources Study funded the project that led to the discovery of Aschersonia mackerrasiae. K.G.G. Ganga acknowledges support from the University Grants Commission (UGC), India, in the form of a UGC research fellowship (Ref No. 20/12/2015(ii) EU-V), and the authorities of the University of Calicut for providing facilities to conduct this study. S. Mahadevakumar acknowledges the Director, KSCSTE - Kerala Forest Research Institute and Head of Office, Botanical Survey of India,Andaman and Nicobar Regional Centre, Port Blair for the necessary support and M. Madappa, Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore for technical assistance. A.R. Podile thanks the Department of Science and Technology, Govt. of India for the JC Bose Fellowship (Grant No. JCB/2017/000053) & MoE and IOE-Directorate-UOH for project (Grant No.UOH-IOE-RC3-21-065). Financial support was provided to R. de L. Oliveira and K.D. Barbosa by the Coordenação deAperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brazil (CAPES) – Finance code 001, and to I.G. Baseia and M.P. Martín by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) under CNPq-Universal 2016 (409960/2016-0) and CNPq-visiting researcher (407474/2013-7). E. Larsson acknowledges the Swedish Taxonomy Initiative, SLU Artdatabanken, Uppsala, Sweden. H.Y. Mun and J. Goh were supported by a grant from the Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources (NNIBR), funded by the Ministry of Environment (MOE) of the Republic of Korea (NNIBR202301106). J. Trovão and colleagues were financed by FEDER - Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional funds through the COMPETE 2020 - Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation (POCI), and by Portuguese funds through FCT- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia in the framework of the project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-PTDC/EPH-PAT/3345/ 2014. Their research was carried out at the R & D Unit Centre for Functional Ecology – Science for People and the Planet (CFE), with reference UIDB/04004/2020, financed by FCT/MCTES through national funds (PIDDAC). João Trovão was supported by POCH - Programa Operacional Capital Humano (co-funding by the European Social Fund and national funding by MCTES), through a ‘FCT- Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia’ PhD research grant (SFRH/ BD/132523/2017). O. Kaygusuz and colleagues thank the Research Fund of the Isparta University ofApplied Sciences for their financial support under the project number 2021-ILK1-0155. They also thank N. Sánchez Biezma of the Department of Drawing and Scientific Photography at the Alcalá University for his help in the digital preparation of the photographs. The research of M. Spetik and co-authors was supported by project No. IGAZF/2021-SI1003. V. Darmostuk and colleagues acknowledge our colleagues and all staff of the Herbario Nacional de Bolivia, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, for their generous long-term cooperation. They would also like to thank the SERNAP (http://sernap.gob.bo), and all protected areas staff, for providing permits for scientific studies, as well as their assistance and logistical support during the field works. This research was financially supported by the National Science Centre (NCN) in Poland (grant number DEC-2013/11/D/NZ8/ 03274). M. Kaliyaperumal and co-authors thank the Centre of Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras for the laboratory facilities. M. Kaliyaperumal thanks the Extramural Research-SERB, DST (EMR/2016/003078), Government of India, for financial assistance. M. Kaliyaperumal and K. Kezo thanks RUSA 2.0 (Theme-1, Group-1/2021/49) for providing a grant. M. Shivannegowda and colleagues thank C.R. Santhosh, Department of Studies in Microbiology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru for technical support. They also thank K.R. Sridhar, Mangalore University, Karnataka, India and S.S.N. Maharachchikumbura, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu for their support and helping with technical inputs. The study of G.G. Barreto and co-authors was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brazil (CAPES - Finance Code 001), and the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq - Proc. 131503/2019-7; Proc. 312984/2018-9); the authors also thank to Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica – PPGBOT. L.F.P. Gusmão thanks to Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) for a research grant. T. Nkomo and colleagues thank the National Research Foundation of SouthAfrica for funding this study, with additional funding from the Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute and the University of Pretoria. G. Delgado is grateful to W. Colbert and S. Ward (Eurofins Built Environment) for continual encouragement and provision of laboratory facilities. J.G. Maciá-Vicente acknowledges support from the Landes-Offensive zur Entwicklung Wissenschaftlich-ökonomischer Exzellenz (LOEWE) of the state of Hesse within the framework of the Cluster for Integrative Fungal Research (IPF) of Goethe University Frankfurt. F. Esteve-Raventós and colleagues acknowledge P. Juste and J.C. Campos for the loan of some collections for study and N. Subervielle and L. Hugot (Conservatoire Botanique National de Corse, Office de l’Environnement de la Corse, Corti) for their assistance. They also acknowledge the Balearic Mycology Group (FCB) for their permanent help in the search for collections in the Balearic Islands, and Y. Turégano for obtaining some of the sequences presented here, and L. Parra for his suggestions and help on nomenclatural issues. S. Mongkolsamrit and colleagues were financially supported by the Platform Technology Management Section, National Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Project Grant No. P19-50231. S. De la Peña-Lastra and colleagues thank the Atlantic Islands National Maritime-Terrestrial Park authorities and guards. A. Mateos and co-authors would like to thank Secretaria Regional doAmbiente eAlterações Climáticas Açores for the permission granted for the sampling (Licença nº 16/2021/ DRAAC). To the ECOTOX group for co-funding the trip. J. Mack & D.P. Overy were funded byAgriculture &Agri-Food Canada (Project ID#002272: Fungal and Bacterial Biosystematics-bridging taxonomy and “omics” technology in agricultural research and regulation) and are grateful for molecular sequencing support from the Molecular Technologies Laboratory (MTL) at the Ottawa Research & Development Centre of Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada. The study of P. Czachura was funded by the National Science Centre, Poland, under the project 2019/35/N/NZ9/04173. The study of M. Piątek and coauthors was funded by the National Science Centre, Poland, under the project 2017/27/B/NZ9/02902. O. Yarden and L. Granit were funded by the Israel Science Foundation (grant number 888/19). H. Taşkın and colleagues received support from the BulgarianAcademy of Sciences and the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye (Bilateral grant agreement between BAS and TÜBİTAK, project number 118Z640). The authors would also like to thank S. Şahin (İzmir, Türkiye) for conveying one of the localities of A. abscondita. Andrew Miller would like to thank the Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center at the University of Illinois for Sanger sequencing. E.R. Osieck thanks Staatsbosbeheer for permission to collect fungi in Nieuw Wulven, in the Netherlands. P. van ‘t Hof and co-authors thank the Galapagos Genetic Barcode project supported by UK Research and Innovation, Global Challenges Research Fund, Newton Fund, University of Exeter, Galapagos Science Center, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Galapagos Conservation Trust, and Biosecurity Agency of Galapagos (ABG).Peer reviewe

Distribution and preliminary assessment of a rare fungus Hemileccinum depilatum (Boletales, Basidiomycota) in Ukraine

Hemileccinum depilatum ( Boletales, Basidiomycota) is currently known from Western and Central Europe, the Mediterranean, the Balkan Peninsula, and Asia (Azerbaijan and Turkey). The fungus is rare throughout its range and is included in the Red Lists in several European countries. In Ukraine, the species is known since 2006. Formerly, H. depilatum was found on the South Coast of Crimea, in the Mountain Crimea, Western Forest-Steppe and the Carpathians. The species was recorded only in five localities in three regions of Ukraine: Khmelnytsky, Transcarpathian, and the Autonomous Republic of Crimea. Over the recent years, the fungus has been also reported from the following five regions: Cherkasy, Ivano-Frankivsk, Kyiv, Lviv, and Ternopil. Thus, by now the total number of the species localities increased from 5 to 14. However, the number of records grows due to additional data recently provided from field observations by amateur mycologists, rather than it can be considered as a result of an increasing population trend of the fungus. Undoubtedly, H. depilatum is a rarely occurring species in Ukraine and is to be protected. A preliminary assessment of the species at the national level using the IUCN criteria and categories is provided. Today, the main threat to its existence is collection of the fruit bodies by local population. Therefore, it is proposed to continue searching for new localities of the fungus and to protect those sites at least at the regional level, as well as to provide public outreach, primarily through social networks, which nowadays bring together tens of thousands of amateur mycologists in Ukraine.Hemileccinum depilatum (Boletales, Basidiomycota) трапляється у Західній та Центральній Європі, Середземномор'ї, на Балканському півострові, а також в Азії (Азербайджан і Туреччина). Скрізь він є рідкісним, у ряді країн Європи внесений до природоохоронних списків. В Україні він відомий з 2006 р. Гриб знаходили на Південному березі Криму, у Гірському Криму, Західному Лісостепу та Карпатах. До цього дослідження в Україні було відомо лише п'ять його місцезнаходжень, розташованих в Автономній Республіці Крим, Закарпатській і Хмельницькій областях. Упродовж останніх років гриб був зареєстрований ще у п'яти областях – Івано-Франківській, Київській, Львівській, Тернопільській і Черкаській, а кількість відомих локалітетів виду зросла з 5 до 14. Однак це збільшення пов'язане насамперед з широким залученням до пошуків даного виду мікологів-аматорів, а не є наслідком тенденції до збільшення чисельності гриба. Отже, H. depilatum є рідкісним в Україні видом і потребує охорони. Здійснено попередню оцінку виду на національному рівні із застосуванням критеріїв та категорій МСОП. На сьогодні головною загрозою для його існування є збір плодових тіл населенням. Тому пропонується продовжувати пошук нових місцезнаходжень цього рідкісного гриба, брати їх під охорону хоча б на регіональному рівні, а також здійснювати роз'яснювальну роботу з населенням, насамперед через соціальні мережі, які на сьогодні об'єднують в Україні десятки тисяч мікологів-аматорів

Cryptomarasmius corbariensis (Physalacriaceae, agaricales) in Turkey with first molecular data on the species from Eurasia

Cryptomarasmius corbariensis (Roum.) T.S.Jenkinson & Desjardin, a species confined primarily to litter of olive trees, is recorded for the first time from Asia and Turkey, based on identification by ITS sequences and morphological characters. Description and illustrations are included. An overview of the distribution is provided and briefly discussed with emphasis on the possibly wider extent than currently known. © 2017 J. Cramer in Gebr. Borntraeger Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart, Germany.T.C. Gida Tarim ve Hayvancilik Bakanligi: TAGEM/13/AR-GE/16The authors would like to thank to the Republic of Turkey Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock-General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policy Projects Coordinating Office (TAGEM/13/AR-GE/16) for supporting this study and would like to express their sincere gratitude to Dr. Evren CABİ (Tekirdağ, Turkey) for providing laboratory facilities

Identification and sustainable exploitation of wild edible mushrooms in rural areas (Mycoticon, LdV-ToI project): development of an innovative training package to meet educational and income-generating demands in South Europe and to improve the use of mushrooms as high-value food

In Mediterranean and in southeast Europe the activities of a significant part of the population are traditionally linked with agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry. However, many rural communities are experiencing serious difficulties associated with low income per person and poor employment prospects combined with increased demographic decline. Alternative activities such as the collection and trading of wild edible mushrooms as well as the cultivation of choice species could contribute at providing valuable solutions both in financial and environmental terms. The total number of fungal species which are considered having edible and/or medicinal value is over 2300.1 Most of them form large conspicuous sporophores (i.e. mushrooms) during their life-cycle, which are either harvested from the wild or cultivated on a wide range of plant and agro-industrial residues and by-products. Foraying and picking of wild edible mushrooms has a long tradition in most European countries; therefore it constitutes a significant socioeconomic activity, while at the same time reflects local knowledge and social practices that are worth preserving. Recent food market tendencies reveal a high demand potential for wild edible mushrooms among urban consumers. In those cases that wild fungi are not well-known because pertinent knowledge was not spread within families or local communities, people avoid their harvest; instead they are oriented at consuming cultivated mushrooms which become increasingly popular. This latter type of activity is tightly associated with environmental protection through recycling and valorization of low-value substrates together with the conservation of some highly sought-after mushroom species. The Mycoticon project (EU, LdV-ToI) involves Universities, Technological, and Research Institutions as well as local stakeholders and associated end-users from four European countries, i.e. Bulgaria, Cyprus, Greece and Italy. These partners combine their experience and expertise at developing an integrated educational and training package together with its respective tools to meet the demands of suitable targetgroups willing to create collective entrepreneurship schemes for exploiting the economic potential of wild mushrooms in rural areas. Ultimately, the objective is to facilitate the generation of a new source of non-subsidized income and create new jobs in areas desperately in need of both. In parallel, local people are expected to be presented with incentives to adopt sustainable management and harvesting practices for wild edible mushrooms together with basic knowledge on mushroom cultivation. Among other anticipated deliverables, national reports were compiled for each participating country as regards the current knowledge/situation on diversity, harvest and trade of wild edibl mushrooms as well as on commercial mushroom production. In addition, a voluminous textbook was prepared4 which provided a detailed description of 22 choice edible and 11 selected poisonous mushrooms (together with many other related taxa) of significance in all four countries. Moreover, it included general information about biology and ecology of mushroom fungi, their common habitats/ecosystems, proper harvest practices and suitable food preservation methods, relevant legislation and conservation issues, and basic guidelines for the cultivation of the most popular species together with prospects for developing tourism activities associated with mushrooms. All of them formed the basis for the development of an innovative training material established both on paper and online by creating a moodle web-page (http://moodle.teilar.gr/). This electronic tool was assembled in four languages (English, Italian, Greek and Bulgarian) and it now provides a user-friendly and flexible modular training course through which e-self-assessment and e-accreditation could be also accomplished. The training package complies with EQF rules and it will be further structured according to EC-VET provisions. Its content is anticipated to enhance the development of pertinent skills and subsequently increase employment of qualified people in rural areas. Furthermore, it provides the prerequisites for combining local assets and resources into mushroom products that meet consumers\u2019 expectations. Such activities constitute a highly recommended approach in Europe since rural income could derive from integrated direct and indirect recourses (by also supporting conservation and environmental sustainability) and not only by the primary agricultural production