11 research outputs found

    Acceptability and efficacy of intra-rectal quinine alkaloids as a pre-transfer treatment of non-per os malaria in peripheral health care facilities in Mopti, Mali

    Get PDF
    <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The acceptability and efficacy of a new kit with a new formulation of quinine alkaloids designed for the intra-rectal administration in the treatment of non-per os malaria was assessed in the peripheral health care system of Mopti, Mali.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A single-arm trial was conducted from August 2003 to January 2004. An initial dose of diluted quinine alkaloids (20 mg/kg Quinimax<sup>Âź</sup>) was administered by the intra-rectal route to children with presumptive non per-os malaria at six peripheral heath care centres. The children were then referred to two referral hospitals where standard inpatient care including intravenous route were routinely provided. A malaria thick smear was done at inclusion and a second malaria thick smear after arrival at the referral facility, where a more complete clinical examination and laboratory testing was done to confirm diagnosis. Confirmed cases of severe malaria or others diseases were treated according to national treatment guidelines. Cases of non per-os malaria received a second dose of intra rectal quinine alkaloids. Primary outcome was acceptability of the intra rectal route by children and their parents as well as the ease to handle the kit by health care workers.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The study included 134 children with a median age of 33 months and 53.7% were male. Most of the children (67%) and 92% of parents or guardians readily accepted the intra-rectal route; 84% of health care workers found the kit easy to use. At the peripheral health care centres, 32% of children had a coma score ≀ 3 and this was reduced to 10% at the referral hospital, following one dose of intra-rectal quinine alkaloids (IRQA). The mean time to availability of oral route treatment was 1.8 ± 1.1 days. Overall, 73% of cases were confirmed severe malaria and for those the case fatality rate was 7.2%.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>IRQA was well accepted by children, their parents/guardians and by the health workers at peripheral health facilities in Mopti, Mali. There was also a quick recovery from deep coma and a reduced case fatality rate in severe malaria.</p

    Clinical and laboratory predictors of death in African children with features of severe malaria: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

    Get PDF
    The criteria for defining severe malaria have evolved over the last 20 years. We aimed to assess the strength of association of death with features currently characterizing severe malaria through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Electronic databases (Medline, Embase, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Thomson Reuters Web of Knowledge) were searched to identify publications including African children with severe malaria. PRISMA guidelines were followed. Selection was based on design (epidemiological, clinical and treatment studies), setting (Africa), participants (children &lt; 15 years old with severe malaria), outcome (survival/death rate), and prognostic indicators (clinical and laboratory features). Quality assessment was performed following the criteria of the 2011 Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2). Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for each study and prognostic indicator, and, when a test was assessed in at least two studies, pooled estimates of ORs were computed using fixed- or random-effects meta-analysis. A total of 601 articles were identified and screened and 30 publications were retained. Features with the highest pooled ORs were renal failure (5.96, 95% CI 2.93-12.11), coma score (4.83, 95% CI 3.11-7.5), hypoglycemia (4.59, 95% CI 2.68-7.89), shock (4.31, 95% CI 2.15-8.64), and deep breathing (3.8, 95% CI 3.29-4.39). Only half of the criteria had an OR &gt; 2. Features with the lowest pooled ORs were impaired consciousness (0.58, 95% CI 0.25-1.37), severe anemia (0.76, 95% CI 0.5- 1.13), and prostration (1.12, 95% CI 0.45-2.82). The findings of this meta-analysis show that the strength of association between the criteria defining severe malaria and death is quite variable for each clinical and/or laboratory feature (OR ranging from 0.58 to 5.96). This ranking allowed the identification of features weakly associated with death, such as impaired consciousness and prostration, which could assist to improve case definition, and thus optimize antimalarial treatment

    Causes de non vaccination et d’abandon vaccinal en zone urbaine a Lome (Togo)

    No full text
    Les auteurs ont rĂ©alisĂ© du 1er au 30 AoĂ»t 2006 une Ă©tude dans le troisiĂšme district sanitaire de LomĂ©-Commune, afin d’identifier les causes de « non vaccination » et d’abandon de la sĂ©rie des vaccinations par les mĂšres des enfants de moins de 12 mois. Ils ont Ă©galement analysĂ© les prĂ©occupations Ă©voquĂ©es par les mĂšres en vue d’en tenir compte dans les stratĂ©gies Ă  mettre en oeuvre pour augmenter la couverture vaccinale des enfants cibles du PEV.Environ deux tiers des enfants (67,8 %) avaient un statut vaccinal correct. Le niveau d’instruction et les connaissances des mĂšres sur la vaccination ont influencĂ© positivement le statut vaccinal des enfants. Les occupations professionnelles et les coĂ»ts indirects liĂ©s Ă  la vaccination ont Ă©tĂ© les principales raisons d’abandon et d’occasions manquĂ©es de vaccinations Ă©voquĂ©es par les mĂšres des enfants. Cependant les dĂ©penses directes liĂ©es Ă  la vaccination et les Manifestations Adverses Post Immunisation (MAPI) n’ont pas Ă©tĂ©, pour la majoritĂ© des mĂšres enquĂȘtĂ©es, une cause d’abandon de la vaccination Ces informations sont importantes en vue d’un choix judicieux de stratĂ©gies idoines pour augmenter le taux de couverture chez les enanfants surtout en zones de faible revenue.Mots clĂ©s: Non vaccination, vaccinations incomplĂštes, enfants, raisons, Togo, AfriqueEnglish AbstractThe authors realized from 1st to 30th august, 2006 a studie in the Lome-Commune Health District N° 3. To show the “ no vaccination” and “ vaccination abandonning” causes of children under 12 moth by their mothers. They analized also the mother’s preocupation about vaccination. 67.7% of children were vaccinal statue correct. The instruction level and vaccination knowledge of the mothers positively influenced the vaccination statut of children. The mother’s occupation are the first raison for no vaccination or incomplete vaccination for children bat not MAPI. Theses informations are important for the chose of atrategy for amelioration of vaccination.Keywords: No vaccination, incomplete vaccination, children, reason, Togo, Afric

    Situation de la drepanocytose au Togo

    No full text
    Sickle cell disease is the most important hemoglobin abnormalities in our country where this disease is an impotant public health concern. The gene frequency of Hb S is estimated to 16.1%. The frequency of homozygous sickle cell disease is about 1.3% and 2.6% for SC sickle cell disease patients. We estimate that 171.600 people suffering from major sickle cell disease in Togo. Regarding Sickle cell disease the major problems are the lack of national program for the control of the disease; no neonatal screening is available and the lack of sickle cell disease center for the management of the patients. La drĂ©panocytose est l’anomalie hĂ©moglobinique la plus importante dans notre pays oĂč elle constitue un problĂšme de santĂ© publique. La frĂ©quence du gĂšne de l’HbS est estimĂ©e Ă  16,1 %, celle de la drĂ©panocytose homozygote est de 1,3 % et celle de la forme double hĂ©tĂ©rozygote de 2,6 %. On estime qu’environ 200.000 Togolais ont une forme majeure de drĂ©panocytose. Les diffĂ©rents problĂšmes observĂ©s sont liĂ©s Ă  l’inexistence d’un programme national de lutte contre la maladie, l’absence de dĂ©pistage nĂ©onatal et le manque de structures spĂ©cifiques de prise en charge

    Place Du VIH / SIDA Chez Les Enfants Admis A La Pouponniere Sainte Claire De Lome (TOGO)

    No full text
    Introduction : La place de l’infection VIH/SIDA chez les enfants placĂ©s en pouponniĂšre Ă©tant insuffisamment documentĂ©e dans notre pays, le prĂ©sent article cherche Ă  dĂ©terminer le profil social, l’évolution pondĂ©rale et le devenir des enfants Ă  sĂ©rologie positive au VIH Ă  la pouponniĂšre Sainte Claire de LomĂ© qui accueille les enfants abandonnĂ©s ou en situation difficile.Patients et mĂ©thodes : Il s’agit d’une Ă©tude cas-tĂ©moin du 1er janvier 1997 au 31 dĂ©cembre 2002 chez les enfants ayant une sĂ©rologie au VIH positive dĂ©pistĂ©e Ă  l’admission Ă  la PouponniĂšre Sainte Claire (PSC) de LomĂ©. Les tĂ©moins Ă©taient des enfants sĂ©ronĂ©gatifs pour le VIH, de mĂȘme origine sociale, et reçus pendant la mĂȘme pĂ©riode que le cas.RĂ©sultats : Parmi 192 enfants admis Ă  la PSC, 111 ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©pistĂ©s pour le VIH dont 18 avaient une sĂ©rologie positive (16,2%). Au moins trois enfants sur quatre (78%) Ă  sĂ©rologie positive Ă  l’admission avaient Ă©tĂ© des abandonnĂ©s et admis plus tardivement que les sĂ©ronĂ©gatifs (79% vs 57%), Au moins trois enfants sur quatre (78%) Ă  sĂ©rologie positive Ă  l’admission (14/18) Ă©taient des abandonnĂ©s alors que les orphelins ne reprĂ©sentaient que 17% des cas (3/18), le reste des enfants 5% (1/18) avait Ă©tĂ© de autres statuts (mĂšre malade mentale, mĂšre incarcĂ©rĂ©e).Parmi les enfants sĂ©ropositifs suivis jusqu’à 18 mois (nombre) (66,7%) ont nĂ©gativĂ© leur sĂ©rologie entre 7 et 14 mois. Deux enfants restĂ©s sĂ©ropositifs Ă  18 mois Ă©taient infectĂ©s par le VIH. Il n’y a pas de diffĂ©rence significative entre la frĂ©quence de consultation (2,56 vs 2,46 consultations par mois, p= 0,202), ni d’hospitalisation (22% vs 17%) entre les enfants Ă  sĂ©rologie positive Ă  l’admission et les enfants groupe tĂ©moin.Tous les enfants Ă  sĂ©rologie nĂ©gative et abandonnĂ©s Ă  l’admission ont Ă©tĂ© adoptĂ©s avant l’ñge de 1 an contre 25% des enfants Ă  sĂ©rologie positive avant l’ñge de 1an. Les 3/4 (75%) des adoptions dans le groupe des enfants Ă  sĂ©rologie positive Ă  l’admission et abandonnĂ©s se sont faites au Togo contre 40% des enfants Ă  sĂ©rologie nĂ©gative. Les enfants Ă  sĂ©rologie positive arrivaient tardivement Ă  la PSC (plus d’enfants sĂ©ropositifs Ă©taient admis tardivement et de façon significative au-delĂ  d’un mois (43% vs 21%), p &lt; 0,001 ) et ils avaient Ă©tĂ© plus souvent abandonnĂ©s. Cela suppose que la sĂ©ropositivitĂ© pourrait ĂȘtre l’une des raisons de l’abandon de ces enfants par les parents. Mais pris en charge dans de bonnes conditions mĂ©dicosociales, ils avaient une Ă©volution pondĂ©rale normale, comparable Ă  celle des enfants Ă  sĂ©rologie nĂ©gative. Conclusion : En attendant que soit suffisamment documentĂ©e la place du VIH dans l’abandon des enfants, les campagnes de sensibilisation sur le VIH / SIDA devraient prendre en compte les donnĂ©es de cette Ă©tude.Mots clĂ©s : Enfants, infection Ă  VIH, pouponniĂšre, Togo, Afrique.ABSTRACTBackground: More children were abandoning in difficult condition in our countries. What is the place of VIH/AIDS infection in this situation?Objective: To specify the social profile, the weight evolution and the outcome of children HIV- positive at Sainte Claire nursery at LomĂ© to contribute to understand the reasons of children abandoning (givenup) in LomĂ© (Togo).Method: It is retrospective study about taking care of children HIV-positive during a period of 6 years (January 1997 to December 2002).Results: Out of 192 children admitted in the institution 111 were checked (58%) and 18 were HIVpositive (16%). Most of them (78%) were abandoning and lately after 3 months, orphans were 17%. Among the children who were not really infected, two children for tree (66.7%) lost the HIV antibody between 7 and 14 mouths. Two children were positive at 18 months. The weight evolution was normal for all the HIV-positive children.Most of HIV- positive children (75%) were adopted at Togo against 40% of HIV-negative children. The HIV- positive children were admitted lately on the nursery and most of them abandoned. These suppose perhaps the HIV- positively could be an important reason for children abandoning by their parents. But taking in care correctly and not discreditably they were weight evolution normal.Conclusion: This information is important for HIV/AIDS sensitization campaign in ours countries.Keywords: Children HIV- positive, difficult situation, nursery, Togo, Africa

    Profils Ă©pidĂ©miologiques et cliniques des enfants handicapĂ©s mentaux des centres de l’Institut « ENVOL » du Togo

    No full text
    But : DĂ©gager les aspects Ă©pidĂ©miologiques et cliniques du handicap mental, en dĂ©terminer les Ă©tiologies afin d’envisager une approche de prise en charge appropriĂ©e des diffĂ©rents cas. Patients et MĂ©thodes : Il s’est agi d’une Ă©tude descriptive portant sur 212 Ă©lĂšves de l’Institut MĂ©dico- Psycho-PĂ©dagogique « ENVOL » du Togo, du 1er au 24 mars 2004. RĂ©sultats : Sur les 212 Ă©lĂšves examinĂ©s, 65 % Ă©taient des garçons et 35 % des filles, avec un sex-ratio de 1,86. Ils Ă©taient ĂągĂ©s de 16 ans en moyenne. A leur naissance, leurs mĂšres avaient entre 20 et 29 ans (46,4%) et leurs pĂšres entre 30 et 39 ans (45,4 %). La dysmorphie sans la morphologie de Trisomie 21 (84 %), le phĂ©notype de Trisomie 21 (21,7 %) et l’infirmitĂ© motrice cĂ©rĂ©brale (IMC) (10,8 %) Ă©taient les principaux motifs d’admission aux centres « ENVOL ». Dans les antĂ©cĂ©dents, 93 % des Ă©lĂšves Ă©taient nĂ©s par voie basse normale, 95,3 % Ă©taient nĂ©s Ă  terme, 31 % Ă©taient associĂ©s Ă  une anoxie pĂ©rinatale, 12,3 % Ă©taient Ă©pileptiques. Les tableaux cliniques Ă©taient sous forme de syndrome dysmorphique (74,2 %) ou de dysmorphie isolĂ©e (25,8 %). Les anomalies prĂ©natales (43 %) dont 71,4 % d’origine gĂ©nĂ©tique, et les anomalies pĂ©rinatals (21,7 %) dominĂ©es par l’anoxie pĂ©rinatale (78,3 %) Ă©taient les principales causes de retard mental. Conclusion : Cette Ă©tude nous a permis de nous rendre compte de la diversitĂ© Ă©tiologique et de la complexitĂ© de l’approche diagnostique du retard mental. Mots clĂ©s : Profils Ă©pidĂ©miologiques et cliniques, enfants handicapĂ©s mentaux, Togo. Aim: To release the epidemiologic and clinical aspects of mental handicap, to determine the etiologies of them in the order to consider an approach of appropriated management of different cases. Patients and Methods: It was a descriptive study carrying on 212 pupils of Medico-Psycho-Educational institute “ENVOL” of Togo, from 1st to 24 march 2004. Results: On the 212 examined pupils, 65% were boys, 35% the girls, with a sex-ratio of 1.86. They were 16 years old on average. At their birth, their mothers had between 20 and 29 years (46.4%) and their fathers between 30 and 39 years (45.4%). Dysmorphy without the morphology of Trisomy 21 (84%), phenotype of Trisomy 21 (21.7%) and cerebral driving infirmity (10.8%) were the principal reasons for admission in the “ENVOL” institute’s centers. In the past medical history, 93% of the pupils had been born by normal vaginal delivery, 95.3 % were full-term infants, 31% were associated a perinatal anoxia, 12.3% were epileptics. The clinical pictures were in the form of dysmorphic syndrome (74.2%) or of isolated dysmorphy (25.8%). Anomalies prenatals (43%) including 71.4% of genetic origin, and anomalies perinatals (21.7%) dominated by perinatal anoxia (78.3%) were the principal causes of mental retardation. Conclusion: This study showed the etiologic diversity and the complexity of diagnostic approach of mental retardation.Key words: Epidemiologic and clinical profiles, mentally handicapped children, Togo

    Place des intoxications aigues accidentelles dans les urgences pediatriques a Atakpame au Togo

    No full text
    Objectif : DĂ©terminer les caractĂ©ristiques Ă©pidĂ©miologiques, cliniques, thĂ©rapeu-tiques et Ă©volutives des intoxications aiguĂ«s accidentelles dans un hĂŽpital rĂ©gional en zone rurale au Togo oĂč comme dans lespays en voie de dĂ©veloppement certaines pratiques traditionnelles peuvent ĂȘtre nĂ©fastes.Patients et MĂ©thodes : Il s’agit d’une Ă©tude de dossiers de 134 enfants des deux sexes ĂągĂ©s de 0 Ă  15 ans, hospitalisĂ©s pour intoxications aiguĂ«s accidentelles au cours des annĂ©es 1994 Ă  2003 au CHR d’AtakpamĂ© (un hĂŽpital rĂ©gional) au Togo.RĂ©sultats : Les intoxications aiguĂ«s accidentelles reprĂ©sentaient 1,08% des hospitalisations et 3% des urgences pĂ©diatriques. PrĂšs de 2 enfants sur 3 (62,68%) Ă©taient ĂągĂ©s de moins de 5 ans (Ăąge moyen 4,52ans ±3,34). Le sex ratio est de 1,31. L’alcool Ă©thylique occupait la premiĂšre place (41,79%) suivi par le pĂ©trole (20,89). L’intoxication par le pĂ©trole prĂ©dominait entre 1et 2 ans et celle de l’alcool entre 3 et 5ans. L’intoxication par les caustiques Ă©tait la plus grave. Les pesticides Ă©taient retrouvĂ©s dans 8,96% des cas.Certains enfants ont reçu Ă  domicile avant leur admission Ă  l’hĂŽpital de l’huile rouge (13,43%) du lait (5,22%) ou du miel (2,24%). Le traitement hospitalier comprenait l’élimination du toxique par les vomissements provoquĂ©s et la diurĂšse forcĂ©e dans un quart des cas (24,62%), les gestes de rĂ©animation (aspiration des voies aĂ©riennes supĂ©rieures,  oxygĂ©nothĂ©rapie) chez un malade sur cinq (23,13%), un traitement symptomatique chez deux tiers des enfants (67,91%). Le taux de guĂ©rison Ă©tait de 97,01% au dĂ©cours d’un sĂ©jour moyen de 2,64 jours. Le taux de lĂ©talitĂ© Ă©tait faible (0, 74%).Conclusion : Les intoxications aiguĂ«s accidentelles demeurent toujours un rĂ©el problĂšme de santĂ© publique notamment en milieu rural ; elles sont dominĂ©es par les accidents domestiques dont l’issue est souvent fatale. leur prĂ©vention efficace devra passer par une approche Ă  la fois mĂ©diatique, Ă©pidĂ©miologique et communautaire

    Place du lavement intra rectal dans les intoxications aigues en milieu rural au Togo

    No full text
    Objectif : DĂ©terminer les caractĂ©ristiques Ă©pidĂ©miologiques, cliniques, thĂ©rapeutiques et Ă©volutives des intoxications aiguĂ«s accidentelles dans un hĂŽpital secondaire en zone rurale au Togo oĂč comme dans lespays en voie de dĂ©veloppement, certaines pratiques peuvent en favoriser leur gravitĂ©.Patients et MĂ©thodes : Il s’agit d’une Ă©tude rĂ©trospective analytique des dossiers de 124 enfants des deux sexes ĂągĂ©s de 0 Ă  10 ans, hospitalisĂ©s pour intoxications aiguĂ«s accidentelles au cours de l’annĂ©e 2008 Ă l’hĂŽpital « YendoubĂ© » de Dapaong au nord Togo.RĂ©sultats : La frĂ©quence hospitaliĂšre Ă©tait de 2,70% (124 intoxications aiguĂ«s sur 4583 malades hospitalisĂ©s). Au moins 9 enfants sur 10 (93,54%) Ă©taient ĂągĂ©s de moins de 5 ans (Ăąge moyen : 2,52 ans±1,34). Les intoxications par lavements intra rectaux occupaient le premier rang (73,38% des enfants), suivies par l’intoxication au pĂ©trole et par l’alcool Ă©thylique. Dans les intoxications par les lavements intra rectaux, les signes cliniques Ă©taient dominĂ©s par la fiĂšvre (60,43%), les signes respiratoires (57,14%), les douleurs abdominales (32,96%), l’anĂ©mie (27,47%), la dĂ©shydratation (23,07%) et le coma (23,07%).Certains enfants ont reçu Ă  domicile avant leur admission Ă  l’hĂŽpital de l’huile rouge, du miel ou du lait. Le traitement hospitalier comprenait l’élimination du toxique par les vomissements provoquĂ©s et la diurĂšse forcĂ©e dans 33,70% des cas, les gestes de rĂ©animation (aspiration des voies aĂ©riennes supĂ©rieures, oxygĂ©nothĂ©rapie) chez 19,41% des malades, et un traitement symptomatique chez 33,10% des enfants. Le taux de guĂ©rison Ă©tait de 60,48% au dĂ©cours d’un sĂ©jour moyen de 4,21 jours. Le taux de lĂ©talitĂ© global Ă©tait Ă©levĂ© (29, 03%); l’intoxication par lavement intra rectal Ă©tait responsable Ă  elle seule de 83,33% des dĂ©cĂšs.Conclusion : Les intoxications aiguĂ«s accidentelles demeurent toujours un rĂ©el problĂšme de santĂ© publique notamment en milieu rural ; elles sont dominĂ©es par les lavements intra rectaux dont l’issue est souvent fatale. Leur prĂ©vention pour ĂȘtre efficace devra passer par une approche Ă  la fois mĂ©diatique, Ă©pidĂ©miologique et communautaire. Objective: To determine epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic and evolution characteristics of accidental acute intoxication in secondary hospital in rural underworld at Togo who as in many development countries some traditional practices can promote gravity.Method: It was a retrospective and descriptive study of 124 children of 0 to 10 years old files hospitalised in 2004 for accidental acute intoxication at Yendoube hospital at Dapaong (Togo).Results: Accidental acute intoxication cases represent 2, 70% of hospitalisation and concern less than 5 years old (93,54%), middle age 2,52 years-old ± 1,3. The rectal wash intoxication was on the first placewith 73, 38%, followed by petroleum and alcoholic intoxication. Clinical sign were various according to toxic product. In rectal wash most sign were fever (60,43%), respiratory sign (57,14%), stomach ache (32,96%), anaemia (27,47%), 23,07% become dehydrated and coma (23,07%). About the other’s intoxications sign were classics. Some children have received at home red oil (12.87%), milk (9, 68%) or honey (5, 65%). Hospitaltreatments were toxic elimination by vomit technical and diereses method (33.70%), reanimation practices (19, 41%) and symptomatic treatment (33, 10%). The death rate was 29, 03%, but rectal wash intoxication cause 83, 33% of the death.Conclusion: Accidental acute intoxication remain a reel public health problem especially in underworld outclass by rectal wash with many death. His prevention needs a media, epidemiological and community approached
    corecore