Hidden Power: Journalistic Representations of Mental Health Labels

Individuals with disabilities make up the largest minority group in the U.S., and the language used to construct representations of these individuals has the ability to perpetuate or diminish stereotypes about these individuals. The purpose of this case study was to explore and describe the representations of mental health in online newspaper articles published by three national publications – The Washington Post, The New York Times, and USA Today. Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) was used as the methodological framework, including an analysis of semiotic choices, dominant perspectives, and causality. The case study allowed for data collection using the key terms mental health and mental illness from the three online newspapers, with a total of 33 articles published between July 1, 2018 and December 31, 2018. The findings identified that most discussions of mental health and mental illness align with a medical model frame and incorporate medicalized lexicon. Dominant perspectives of causality within articles remain with law enforcement, lawmakers, and legal advisors. Overlexicalization was evident, and the use of mental health and mental illness was more often stated with semi-formal or formal language. Findings also suggest that individuals with mental health labels are often labeled as an aggressor with specific individuals or local citizens as their victims. Potential ramifications of hidden power, as well as recommendations on altering the use of the key terms and sources used within an article are discussed

The Politics of the Hero\u27s Journey: A Narratology of American Special Education Textbooks

This paper explores introduction to special education textbooks in order to illuminate how they portray the social and political work of special educators, especially in relation to disabled students and adults. This study analyzed five leading special education textbooks used in university teacher education programs using traditional methods of discourse analysis, including line-by-line coding and language-in-use with valuation. The analysis and coding tracked story plot components and characters associated with five phases evident in the narrative structure of a hero\u27s journey: (1) the call to adventure, (2) supernatural aid, (3) threshold guardians, (4) trials and tribulations, and (5) the return. Discussions of the findings illustrate the problematic ways in which the textbooks create a heroic narrative of past and current elements tied to the field of special education

ENIGMA-anxiety working group : Rationale for and organization of large-scale neuroimaging studies of anxiety disorders

Altres ajuts: Anxiety Disorders Research Network European College of Neuropsychopharmacology; Claude Leon Postdoctoral Fellowship; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation, 44541416-TRR58); EU7th Frame Work Marie Curie Actions International Staff Exchange Scheme grant 'European and South African Research Network in Anxiety Disorders' (EUSARNAD); Geestkracht programme of the Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (ZonMw, 10-000-1002); Intramural Research Training Award (IRTA) program within the National Institute of Mental Health under the Intramural Research Program (NIMH-IRP, MH002781); National Institute of Mental Health under the Intramural Research Program (NIMH-IRP, ZIA-MH-002782); SA Medical Research Council; U.S. National Institutes of Health grants (P01 AG026572, P01 AG055367, P41 EB015922, R01 AG060610, R56 AG058854, RF1 AG051710, U54 EB020403).Anxiety disorders are highly prevalent and disabling but seem particularly tractable to investigation with translational neuroscience methodologies. Neuroimaging has informed our understanding of the neurobiology of anxiety disorders, but research has been limited by small sample sizes and low statistical power, as well as heterogenous imaging methodology. The ENIGMA-Anxiety Working Group has brought together researchers from around the world, in a harmonized and coordinated effort to address these challenges and generate more robust and reproducible findings. This paper elaborates on the concepts and methods informing the work of the working group to date, and describes the initial approach of the four subgroups studying generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, and specific phobia. At present, the ENIGMA-Anxiety database contains information about more than 100 unique samples, from 16 countries and 59 institutes. Future directions include examining additional imaging modalities, integrating imaging and genetic data, and collaborating with other ENIGMA working groups. The ENIGMA consortium creates synergy at the intersection of global mental health and clinical neuroscience, and the ENIGMA-Anxiety Working Group extends the promise of this approach to neuroimaging research on anxiety disorders

Cortical and subcortical brain structure in generalized anxiety disorder: findings from 28 research sites in the ENIGMA-Anxiety Working Group

The goal of this study was to compare brain structure between individuals with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and healthy controls. Previous studies have generated inconsistent findings, possibly due to small sample sizes, or clinical/analytic heterogeneity. To address these concerns, we combined data from 28 research sites worldwide through the ENIGMA-Anxiety Working Group, using a single, pre-registered mega-analysis. Structural magnetic resonance imaging data from children and adults (5–90 years) were processed using FreeSurfer. The main analysis included the regional and vertex-wise cortical thickness, cortical surface area, and subcortical volume as dependent variables, and GAD, age, age-squared, sex, and their interactions as independent variables. Nuisance variables included IQ, years of education, medication use, comorbidities, and global brain measures. The main analysis (1020 individuals with GAD and 2999 healthy controls) included random slopes per site and random intercepts per scanner. A secondary analysis (1112 individuals with GAD and 3282 healthy controls) included fixed slopes and random intercepts per scanner with the same variables. The main analysis showed no effect of GAD on brain structure, nor interactions involving GAD, age, or sex. The secondary analysis showed increased volume in the right ventral diencephalon in male individuals with GAD compared to male healthy controls, whereas female individuals with GAD did not differ from female healthy controls. This mega-analysis combining worldwide data showed that differences in brain structure related to GAD are small, possibly reflecting heterogeneity or those structural alterations are not a major component of its pathophysiology

Cortical and subcortical brain structure in generalized anxiety disorder: findings from 28 research sites in the enigma-anxiety working group

The goal of this study was to compare brain structure between individuals with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and healthy controls. Previous studies have generated inconsistent findings, possibly due to small sample sizes, or clinical/analytic heterogeneity. To address these concerns, we combined data from 28 research sites worldwide through the ENIGMA-Anxiety Working Group, using a single, pre-registered mega-analysis. Structural magnetic resonance imaging data from children and adults (5–90 years) were processed using FreeSurfer. The main analysis included the regional and vertex-wise cortical thickness, cortical surface area, and subcortical volume as dependent variables, and GAD, age, age-squared, sex, and their interactions as independent variables. Nuisance variables included IQ, years of education, medication use, comorbidities, and global brain measures. The main analysis (1020 individuals with GAD and 2999 healthy controls) included random slopes per site and random intercepts per scanner. A secondary analysis (1112 individuals with GAD and 3282 healthy controls) included fixed slopes and random intercepts per scanner with the same variables. The main analysis showed no effect of GAD on brain structure, nor interactions involving GAD, age, or sex. The secondary analysis showed increased volume in the right ventral diencephalon in male individuals with GAD compared to male healthy controls, whereas female individuals with GAD did not differ from female healthy controls. This mega-analysis combining worldwide data showed that differences in brain structure related to GAD are small, possibly reflecting heterogeneity or those structural alterations are not a major component of its pathophysiology

The Politics of the Hero's Journey: A Narratology of American Special Education Textbooks

This paper explores introduction to special education textbooks in order to illuminate how they portray the social and political work of special educators, especially in relation to disabled students and adults. This study analyzed five leading special education textbooks used in university teacher education programs using traditional methods of discourse analysis, including line-by-line coding and language-in-use with valuation. The analysis and coding tracked story plot components and characters associated with five phases evident in the narrative structure of a hero's journey: (1) the call to adventure, (2) supernatural aid, (3) threshold guardians, (4) trials and tribulations, and (5) the return. Discussions of the findings illustrate the problematic ways in which the textbooks create a heroic narrative of past and current elements tied to the field of special education

L'asile en exil: État des lieux de l'accueil des personnes en demande d'asile à Marseille 2017-2018

Comité de Pilotage de l’Observatoire Asile Marseille : La Cimade Sud-Est, l’association Espace de Soutien aux Professionnel.le.s de l’Accueil et du Conseil aux Étranger.ère.s (ESPACE), la Fédération des acteurs de la solidarité PACACorse et le Réseau Hospitalité.International audienceUn rapport de l'Observatoire Asile MarseilleFruit d'un travail collectif de plus d'un an, ce rapport dresse un état des lieux des conditions d'accueil des personnes en demande d'asile à Marseille. Au centre, les voix de Jamal, Sharon, Joy, Bernadette, Jean et ben d'autres, qui expriment leur ressentis, relatent leur vécu et témoignent des situations rencontrées aujourd'hui dans la cité phocéenne. Le recueil met en évidence les défaillances du dispositif national d'accueil à l'échelle de la ville. Il s'offre comme outil de travail et de réflexion pour les différents acteurs et actrices de l'accueil des exilé.e.s et plaide pour la mise en œuvre d'une politique inconditionnelle d'accueil et d'hospitalité

L'asile en exil: État des lieux de l'accueil des personnes en demande d'asile à Marseille 2017-2018

Comité de Pilotage de l’Observatoire Asile Marseille : La Cimade Sud-Est, l’association Espace de Soutien aux Professionnel.le.s de l’Accueil et du Conseil aux Étranger.ère.s (ESPACE), la Fédération des acteurs de la solidarité PACACorse et le Réseau Hospitalité.International audienceUn rapport de l'Observatoire Asile MarseilleFruit d'un travail collectif de plus d'un an, ce rapport dresse un état des lieux des conditions d'accueil des personnes en demande d'asile à Marseille. Au centre, les voix de Jamal, Sharon, Joy, Bernadette, Jean et ben d'autres, qui expriment leur ressentis, relatent leur vécu et témoignent des situations rencontrées aujourd'hui dans la cité phocéenne. Le recueil met en évidence les défaillances du dispositif national d'accueil à l'échelle de la ville. Il s'offre comme outil de travail et de réflexion pour les différents acteurs et actrices de l'accueil des exilé.e.s et plaide pour la mise en œuvre d'une politique inconditionnelle d'accueil et d'hospitalité