219 research outputs found
Race, Trust & Medicine: How Innovative are Medical Innovations?
Is trust in the institution of medicine dependent on race? Are there racial differences in change of trust over time? The central hypotheses of this study are that a) white people will exhibit more trust in medicine than Black people, and b) white peopleâs trust in medicine will increase over time, while Black peopleâs trust in medicine will decrease over time. This study analyzes 2000-2018 data from the General Social Survey, conducted by NORC at the University of Chicago; the data has been narrowed down to include only Black and white participants in the analysis. Findings do not support the two hypotheses, showing marginally greater trust among Black participants and an increase in trust over time for both white and Black participants, the increase among Black participants of a greater magnitude. This increase in trust in medicine should not be equated with a lack of disparity, for these results suggest that more research needs to be conducted to examine the factors and possible causal mechanisms behind this increasing trust in medicine among both Black and white people
Defects and agility: localization issues in agile development projects
It has been noted that software localization does not always fit well into agile software development. This poster aims to illustrate the relationship between the two by examining how localization issues occur in agile projects. A list of common localization issues is presented and examined as to where and why they can be caused during development and if there is a connection to agile methodologies. The poster serves as an introduction to our research in this area
Use of Balloon-Tipped Catheters in the Critically Ill Child
A retrospective study of our experience in the placement of 19 consecutive balloon-tipped catheters in the pulmonary artery of 18 children disclosed that the procedure can be performed with relative ease in the intensive care unit without the aid of fluoroscopy. Insertion of the catheters was not associated with any serious complications. Catheter malfunction, however, occurred in 9 of 18 patients: balloon rupture in 6 and clot formation in 3. Comparison of pulmonary capillary pressure through a balloon-tipped catheter and venous pressure through a central venous line indicates that, in the absence of significant pulmonary disease requiring high positive end expiratory pressure, or significant left heart dysfunction, a central venous pressure line is frequently adequate for monitoring right heart pressures and as a guidance to fluid therapy.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/67256/2/10.1177_000992288202100302.pd
Anti-Black racism in clinical supervision:asynchronous simulated encounters facilitate reflective practice
Background: Racist interactions in clinical practice remain a pervasive reality for Black healthcare providers. We sought to develop a framework to inform supervisors' actions when confronting racism in clinical practice and protecting trainees under their oversight.Methods: We conducted a qualitative study in which experienced supervisors responded to seven short, videotaped interactions between: 1) Black trainees and a simulated patient (SP) in a racist role; 2) the trainees and their respective supervisors; and 3) the trainees and their supervisors together with the SP. The clinical exchanges exemplified different types of racist (entrenching) or antiracist (uprooting) behaviors by the supervisors. After viewing each clip, participants wrote their reflections confidentially; they later joined a structured debriefing together. We used thematic analysis to identify supervisors' behavioral patterns when confronting racist interactions.Results: Based on the input of 52 participants recruited into five two-hour-long sessions, we categorized the behaviors of supervisors facing anti-Black racial injuries involving learners under their oversight. We organized supervisor behaviors into five interlocking domains, each with a range of possible themes: 1) Joining: from conciliatory to confrontational in communicating with the aggressor; 2) Explicitness: from avoiding to naming racism; 3) Ownership: from individual to shared responsibility of the event and the response to it; 4) Involving: from excusing to including the aggrieved party when confronting the aggressor; and 5) Stance: from protective to paternalistic in supporting the learner's autonomy.Conclusions: Our qualitative findings can provide a framework for facilitated discussion toward reflective practice among healthcare providers who may have experienced, witnessed, or intervened in anti-Black racist interactions. They can also help medical educators to inform faculty development to fight anti-Black racism in clinical practice. The video materials we developed are available for viewing and download and can be used or adapted as springboards for reflective discussion or faculty development activities. </p
Transcatheter valve implantation for right atriumâtoâright ventricle conduit obstruction or regurgitation after modified Björkâfontan procedure
Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/136276/1/ccd26648_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/136276/2/ccd26648.pd
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Self-consistent formation of a 0.5 cyclotron frequency gap in magnetospheric whistler-mode waves
Decades of in-situ observations of whistler-mode waves in Earth's magnetosphere reveal that there is frequently a gap in the spectral power at around half the local electron gyrofrequency. Recent theoretical and kinetic simulation studies have suggested that the gap arises due to the presence of temperature anisotropy in both a ``warm' and a ``hot' electron population, leading to two separate (and independent) regions of wave growth in frequency space. We present two-dimensional kinetic plasma simulations using the powerful EPOCH particle-in-cell code that offer an alternative explanation. After an initial linear-growth period, our simulations show self-consistent formation of a gap feature. In most cases this arises where linear theory predicts the maximum growth rate, and is associated with subtle local structuring of the hot electron distributions. This feature persists in multiple simulations with varying hot electron parameters. We discuss these results in the context of in-situ observations of both waves and electron distribution functions and argue that the rapid reorganisation of electron distributions in a small, but key, region of phase-space during the growth of whistler-mode waves naturally results in the spectral gap often observed at half the electron gyrofrequency
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Ultralow-frequency modulation of whistler-mode wave growth
Measurements from ground-based magnetometers and riometers at auroral latitudes have demonstrated that energetic (~30-300keV) electron precipitation can be modulated in the presence of magnetic field oscillations at ultra-low frequencies. It has previously been proposed that an ultra-low frequency (ULF) wave would modulate field and plasma properties near the equatorial plane, thus modifying the growth rates of whistler-mode waves. In turn, the resulting whistler-mode waves would mediate the pitch-angle scattering of electrons resulting in ionospheric precipitation. In this paper, we investigate this hypothesis by quantifying the changes to the linear growth rate expected due to a slow change in the local magnetic field strength for parameters typical of the equatorial region around 6.6RE radial distance. To constrain our study, we determine the largest possible ULF wave amplitudes from measurements of the magnetic field at geosynchronous orbit. Using nearly ten years of observations from two satellites, we demonstrate that the variation in magnetic field strength due to oscillations at 2mHz does not exceed ±10% of the background field. Modifications to the plasma density and temperature anisotropy are estimated using idealised models. For low temperature anisotropy, there is little change in the whistler-mode growth rates even for the largest ULF wave amplitude. Only for large temperature anisotropies can whistler-mode growth rates be modulated sufficiently to account for the changes in electron precipitation measured by riometers at auroral latitudes
«La relation de limitation et dâexception dans le français dâaujourdâhui : exceptĂ©, sauf et hormis comme pivots dâune relation algĂ©brique »
Lâanalyse des emplois prĂ©positionnels et des emplois conjonctifs dâ âexceptĂ©â, de âsaufâ et dâ âhormisâ permet dâenvisager les trois prĂ©positions/conjonctions comme le pivot dâun binĂŽme, comme la plaque tournante dâune structure bipolaire. PlacĂ©es au milieu du binĂŽme, ces prĂ©positions sont forcĂ©es par leur sĂ©mantisme originaire dĂ»ment mĂ©taphorisĂ© de jouer le rĂŽle de marqueurs dâinconsĂ©quence systĂ©matique entre lâĂ©lĂ©ment se trouvant Ă leur gauche et celui qui se trouve Ă leur droite. Lâopposition qui surgit entre les deux Ă©lĂ©ments nâest donc pas une incompatibilitĂ© naturelle, intrinsĂšque, mais extrinsĂšque, induite. Dans la plupart des cas (emplois limitatifs), cette opposition prend la forme dâun rapport entre une « classe » et le « membre (soustrait) de la classe », ou bien entre un « tout » et une « partie » ; dans dâautres (emplois exceptifs), cette opposition se manifeste au contraire comme une attaque de front portĂ©e par un « tout » Ă un autre « tout ». De plus, lâinconsĂ©quence induite mise en place par la prĂ©position/conjonction paraĂźt, en principe, tout Ă fait insurmontable. Dans lâassertion « les Ă©cureuils vivent partout, sauf en Australie » (que lâon peut expliciter par « Les Ă©cureuils vivent partout, sauf [quâils ne vivent pas] en Australie »), la prĂ©position semble en effet capable dâimpliquer le prĂ©dicat principal avec signe inverti, et de bĂątir sur une telle implication une sorte de sous Ă©noncĂ© qui, Ă la rigueur, est totalement inconsĂ©quent avec celui qui le prĂ©cĂšde (si « les Ă©cureuils ne vivent pas en Australie », le fait quâils « vivent partout » est faux). NĂ©anmoins, lâanalyse montre quâalors que certaines de ces oppositions peuvent enfin ĂȘtre dĂ©passĂ©es, dâautres ne le peuvent pas. Câest, respectivement, le cas des relations limitatives et des relations exceptives. La relation limitative, impliquant le rapport « tout » - « partie », permet de rĂ©soudre le conflit dans les termes dâune somme algĂ©brique entre deux sous Ă©noncĂ©s pourvus de diffĂ©rent poids informatif et de signe contraire. Les valeurs numĂ©riques des termes de la somme Ă©tant dĂ©sĂ©quilibrĂ©es, le rĂ©sultat est toujours autre que zĂ©ro. La relation exceptive, au contraire, qui nâimplique pas le rapport « tout » - « partie », nâest pas capable de rĂ©soudre le conflit entre deux sous Ă©noncĂ©s pourvus du mĂȘme poids informatif et en mĂȘme temps de signe contraire : les valeurs numĂ©riques des termes de la somme Ă©tant symĂ©triques et Ă©gales, le rĂ©sultat sera toujours Ă©quivalent Ă zĂ©ro
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