Reichenbach Fuzzy Set of Transitivity

Abstract Fuzzy implicators are the basic ingredients of many applications. So it becomes essential to study the various features of an implicator before implementing it in any practical application. This paper discusses the properties of transitivity of a fuzzy relation on a given universe and measure of fuzzy transitivity defined in terms of the Reichenbach fuzzy implicator which is an s-implicator

Self-Medication Practice and Their Risk Factors Among BScN 4 Years Students

Self-medication is the use of medicines to treat self-diagnosed disorders or symptoms, or the periodical or continued use of prescribed drugs for acute or chronic disease or symptoms. It’s going to include the use of herbs, the retention and Re-use of Medication without prescribed by doctors. Self-medication is widely practiced in both developed and developing countries. . Practice of getting self-medication was relatively high, because of easy access of drugs from public pharmacy and they also have knowledge about medicines. The study's overall objective was to identify the level of knowledge, attitude, and self-medication practices among undergraduate BScN 4 year student. This would be a descriptive cross sectional quantitative study .Quantitative cross sectional design used data to make statistical inference about nursing students of knowledge, attitude and practice regarding self-medication. Total, 250 BScN students were involved in this study. The data was collected using a validated questionnaire. Overall 53.6% BScN students often practice self-medications,while 46.4% students were not practice self-medications. In a study conducted in a private college of Nursing Lahore, it was found that self-medication is significantly higher in among BScN 4 year’s student nurses. We found that our respondent’s education has also impact on practice and attitude of self-medication. The awareness regarding self-medication among student is good about 60% populations have knowledge regarding medication benefits. As per the findings, 75.8% BScN students visited to a qualified medical practitioner. While 24.2% students were not visited to a qualified medical practitioner. 71.2% BScN students respond that the indications of self-medication Headache/ fever. Inappropriate self-medication can cause harm to the students and also whom they recommend as healthcare providers in the future. Therefore, there is a need to educate nursing students and make them more aware about adverse effects of self-medication. Keywords: Self-care, medical practitioner, nursing Students, Drugs, Self-medication, Knowledge DOI: 10.7176/JNSR/13-18-02 Publication date:October 31st 202

Self-Medication Practice and Their Risk Factors among BScN 4 Years Students

Self-medication is the use of medicines to treat self-diagnosed disorders or symptoms, or the periodical or continued use of prescribed drugs for acute or chronic disease or symptoms. It’s going to include the use of herbs, the retention and Re-use of Medication without prescribed by doctors. Self-medication is widely practiced in both developed and developing countries. . Practice of getting self-medication was relatively high, because of easy access of drugs from public pharmacy and they also have knowledge about medicines. The study's overall objective was to identify the level of knowledge, attitude, and self-medication practices among undergraduate BScN 4 year student. This would be a descriptive cross sectional quantitative study .Quantitative cross sectional design used data to make statistical inference about nursing students of knowledge, attitude and practice regarding self-medication. Total, 250 BScN students were involved in this study. The data was collected using a validated questionnaire. Overall 53.6% BScN students often practice self-medications,while 46.4% students were not practice self-medications. In a study conducted in a private college of Nursing Lahore, it was found that self-medication is significantly higher in among BScN 4 year’s student nurses. We found that our respondent’s education has also impact on practice and attitude of self-medication. The awareness regarding self-medication among student is good about 60% populations have knowledge regarding medication benefits. As per the findings, 75.8% BScN students visited to a qualified medical practitioner. While 24.2% students were not visited to a qualified medical practitioner. 71.2% BScN students respond that the indications of self-medication Headache/ fever. Inappropriate self-medication can cause harm to the students and also whom they recommend as healthcare providers in the future. Therefore, there is a need to educate nursing students and make them more aware about adverse effects of self-medication. Keywords: Self-care, medical practitioner, nursing Students, Drugs, Self-medication, Knowledge DOI: 10.7176/JHMN/104-03 Publication date: November 30th 202

Organic synthesis via Kolbe and related non-Kolbe electrolysis: an enabling electro-strategy

An efficient and environmentally friendly synthetic methodology is preferred over conventional methods that require expensive chemicals & oxidants to achieve value-added organic transformations. Electrochemical conversions encounter conventional shortcomings and introduce easy scale-up methods to synthesize complex and hindered molecules employing electricity as a clean reagent and catalyzing entity. Electrochemical conditions minimize waste formation and increase the chances of getting the maximum amount of target products under ambient conditions. The Kolbe and related non-Kolbe electrolysis process where the anodic oxidation of carboxylic acids leads to decarboxylation can be used intelligently to form new bonds and achieve value-added molecules and stereoselective products. The memory of chirality, where we have contributed to, is a more fascinating strategy to achieve highly desired asymmetric products via electrochemical decarboxylation (ED). Besides this, coupling (homo, hetero), dimerization, addition, cyclization, and CH activation via ED are also significant aspects of this strategy. Flow electrochemistry and photochemistry using the ED strategy could enhance the selectivity and product yield, avoiding overoxidation. Herein, we discussed several examples of ED and its applications to drive value-added transformations under mild, clean and sustainable conditions and also addressed mechanistic aspects. This ED approach will enable and provide inspiration for future applications in electro-organic synthesis

Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 2-phenyl-5-aryl-4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9-hexahydro-1,2.4-triazolo[1,5-A]quinazolines

A method for the synthesis of 2-phenyl-5-aryl-4, 5, 6, 7, 8,9- hexahydrotriazolo[1,5-a] quinazolines was developed.3-Amino-5-phenyl-1,2,4-triazole formed Schiff’s bases with aromatic aldehydes which on treatment with cyclohexanonein the presence of glacial acetic acid and anhydrous zinc chloride cyclized to produce title compounds.The structures of synthesized compounds were elucidatedby spectroscopic techniques (FTIR and 1H-NMR) and elementalanalysis. The compounds were also screened for their antibacterial activities against four different bacterial strains by agar plate disc method

Heterocyclic Electrochemistry: Renewable Electricity in the Construction of Heterocycles

Numerous applications in the realm of biological exploration and drug synthesis can be found in heterocyclic chemistry, which is a vast subject. Many efforts have been developed to further improve the reaction conditions to access this interesting family to prevent employing hazardous ingredients. In this instance, it has been stated that green and environmentally friendly manufacturing methodologies have been introduced to create N-, S-, and O-heterocycles. It appears to be one of the most promising methods to access these types of compounds avoiding use of stoichiometric amounts of oxidizing/reducing species or precious metal catalysts, in which only catalytic amounts are sufficient, and it represent an ideal way of contributing toward the resource economy. Thus, renewable electricity provides clean electrons (oxidant/reductant) that initiate a reaction cascade via producing reactive intermediates that facilitate in building new bonds for valuable chemical transformations. Moreover, electrochemical activation using metals as catalytic mediators has been identified as a more efficient strategy toward selective functionalization. Thus, indirect electrolysis makes the potential range more practical, and less side reactions can occur. The latest developments in using an electrolytic strategy to create N-, S-, and O-heterocycles are the main topic of this mini review, which was documented over the last five years

Association between Vitamin D Deficiency and Asthma in childhood

Background: This study was designed to determine relationship between vitamin D deficiency and asthma in pediatric age group as compared to controls. Asthma is among one of the major causes of morbidity in children and it is suggested that vitamin D deficiency plays a role in asthma severity since it has immunomodulatory effects. Methods: This case control study was performed at Benazir Bhutto Hospital Rawalpindi in pediatric department from 2014 to 2015. Cases and controls were recruited from the same hospital through consecutive sampling. Cases were patients with asthma and controls were patients with minor illness other than asthma presenting in outpatient department. The patients who had rickets, known vitamin D deficiency, renal disease, liver disease and other respiratory problems (tuberculosis, pneumonia cystic fibrosis) as assessed on medical records or history and examination were excluded both for cases and controls. Vitamin D levels were checked in all patients. The data was recorded and analysis was done through SPSS 14. Results: The two groups were comparable for age and gender. Mean age of patients in cases was7.66+2.92 while among controls it was 7.23± 2.65 years. Among 30 patients with asthma, vitamin D deficiency was found in 19 (63.33%) while in controls it was found in 8 patients (26.67%). P value was 0.004 which was statistically significant. odds ratio was 4.75, 95 % confidence interval for odds ration showing significant difference between two groups Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency was remarkably higher in asthmatics in comparison to non-asthmatic children

Synthesis and antibacterial activities of Diarylpyrazolo [3,4-b]pyridines II1

Synthesis of various 4,6-diarylpyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines, from aminopyrazoles and 1,3-dicarbonylcompounds or by a Doebner method are reported

Biological evaluation of potent antioxidant, lipoxygenase inhibitor and antibacterial: A comparative study

AbstractThree biologically active new Schiff bases, 2-[(3-hydroxybenzylidene)amino]phenol 5, 2-[(4-hydroxybenzylidene)amino]phenol 6 and 4-[(2-hydroxyphenylimino)methyl]benzene-1,3-diol 7, were synthesized by the reaction of 2-aminophenol 1 with three different hydroxyl-benzaldehydes 2–4. They were characterized by spectroscopic analysis (IR, 1H NMR, EI-MS) along with elemental analyses. The products were biological screened out for antioxidant, lipoxygenase inhibition, antibacterial and urease inhibition activities. The compounds 5 and 6 showed potent while 7 showed moderate antioxidant activity. Compound 6 showed potent whereas 5 and 7 showed significant lipoxygenase inhibition activity. All the target compounds showed excellent activities against Staphylococcus intermedius, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi bacteria. All the compounds showed non-significant activity against urease enzyme