Convergence of an adaptive mixed finite element method for general second order linear elliptic problems

The convergence of an adaptive mixed finite element method for general second order linear elliptic problems defined on simply connected bounded polygonal domains is analyzed in this paper. The main difficulties in the analysis are posed by the non-symmetric and indefinite form of the problem along with the lack of the orthogonality property in mixed finite element methods. The important tools in the analysis are a posteriori error estimators, quasi-orthogonality property and quasi-discrete reliability established using representation formula for the lowest-order Raviart-Thomas solution in terms of the Crouzeix-Raviart solution of the problem. An adaptive marking in each step for the local refinement is based on the edge residual and volume residual terms of the a posteriori estimator. Numerical experiments confirm the theoretical analysis.Comment: 24 pages, 8 figure

A Study of Single Domain Magnetic Nanoparticles Towards Reactions by Low Frequency Magnetic Fields

The dynamics of single domain magnetic nanoparticles cross-linked into multi-particle aggregates by organic ligands is considered. Mechanical factors of the effect of low frequency magnetic field on macro molecules attached to magnetic nanoparticles/aggregates within a suspension or gel are analyzed. The optimum conditions ensuring the best control over biochemical reactions in suspension by an external magnetic field (i.e., the ranges of frequency and magnetic field intensities, and the size of magnetic nanoparticles and shells covering them) are determined. Since the pioneering work of Stoner and Wolfforth over six decades ago, the behavior of magnetic single (or mono) domain particles has held enormous fascination. Magnetization reversal in such single domain particles occurs often via coherent rotation of spins. As a consequence of this rotation mechanism, magnetic nanoparticles show high co-ercivities, which lie between those of soft and hard permanent magnetic materials. The ability to control the magnetism in these types of particles makes them very attractive for applications, for example, in information storage. Moreover, the research on magnetic nanoparticles has raised hopes for applications in the fields of biology and medicine; for example, drug targeting, cancer therapy, lymph node imaging, hyperthermia, and so forth

Ethanol Production from Non Food Tubers of Iles-iles (Amorphophallus campanulatus) using Hydrolyzes by Commercial Enzymes (α and β amylase) and Fermentation by Saccharomices cereviseae

The decrease of oil production caused the increase on the price of fossil fuels. This paper was investigated the possibility of Amorphophallus campanulatus or known as âiles-ilesâ by Javanese people, which is known have a high carbohydrate content, as a raw material to produce bioethanol. The first stage of the process was hydrolyzes the starch, combined by liquefaction and saccharification of the starch from âiles-ilesâ using α and β amylase. The process was followed by fermentation of glucose with the help of S. cerevisiae. To obtain the maximum ethanol content, several parameter had been studied, such as the type S. cerevisiae (pure, dry, wet and instant), the dosage of α-amylase, β-amylase and also DAP dosage as a nutrient support for S. cerevisiae. The result shows that the highest ethanol concentration obtained in fermentation using dry S. cereviseae for 72 h with 10.2% (v/v) of ethanol. The highest total sugar content by hydrolysis was achieved by 0.0032 mL α-amylase/g, while β-amylase was 0.0064 mL β-amylase/g (12.5% of glucose). This is show that with increasing of α and β amylase dosages, the total sugar formed was increased. The DAP (Diammonium phosphate) was used as a Nitrogen supply which is needed by S. cerevisiae to growth and as a results can increase the level of ethanol produced. The additional of DAP in the fermentation prove that it can enhance 8.45% (v/v) of ethanol. Therefore, it can be concluded that the highest levels of ethanol with conventional methods of âiles-ilesâ was obtained at 72 h using the dry S. cerevisiae, with 0.0032 and 0.0064 mL enzyme/g of α and β amylase, respectively. This result shows that the plant seems to be a potential raw material for bioethanol

The role of new media in political participation: a survey of politicians of Karnataka

Political leaders, government leaders and political parties are getting closer to the masses with new media and social media platforms turning into mass media. However, the usage of digital platforms by politicians is not uniform. The study is an exploration of the usage of new media by politicians of Karnataka. The intention is to study how politicians of Karnataka are getting conversant in the usage of new media for their personal communication, daily work and for public good. In other words, the research focuses on new media consumption and usage by politicians, who are the respondents in the study. Karnataka is one among very few states in India which is leading in e-governance. The state is progressive in using technology and developing software for use of public utility. In terms of the impact of new media on the respondents, it was found that there was considerable impact in terms of usage of devices that helps in accessing new media and also awareness regarding popular social media networking sites. However, the usage as well as awareness is not very extensive and also the purpose for which they were used is limited. And the usage was found to be independent of their age, education and nature of membership of the democratic institutions

Seasonal exploitation of the seacucumber Stichopus hermanni (Semper) at Tuticorin

Stichopus hermanni earlier known as S. variegates is a widely distributed commercial species of Sea cucumber, popularly called 'pura attai' or 'pavaikya attai' in Tamil. In many of the western countries, apart from its food value as a rich protein diet (55% of dry weight) low in fat, sea cucumbers are valued for its medicinal properties. In India few works have been conducted on the biomedical aspects of sea cucumbers. Though this species have already been recorded from Gulf of mannar, the exploitation in huge quantities were never reported before. The recent development of the fishery of this species along Gulf of Mannar indicated its export potentiality as new resource. At Tuticorin along the Kalavasal area, huge quantities of this species have been processed since 2004

Cosmetic Toxicity & Its Management - An Ayurvedic Perspective

People in every civilization used cosmetics to protect and embellish their skin, which naturally leads us to conclude that this is a primordial need. The demand of cosmetic products have increased in recent times, resulting in massive production without following any standard guidelines. Many of them contain dangerous ingredients such as Hydroquinone, Talcum, Parabens, Phthalates, Fragrance, Heavy metals like Lead, Arsenic etc. Studies have shown that about 50% skin fairness face creams available in India contain steroids. Due to long term use, it accumulates in the body and can cause irritation, increased susceptibility to infections, Kidney and Liver damage, Reproductive toxicity and Carcinogenicity. In Ayurveda, the concept of Gara Visha can be well incorporate with Cosmetic toxicity. Acarya Susruta mentions about various Gara Visha Adhishtanas and its different manifestations. The widespread use of cosmetic products is increasingly recognized as a public health and social justice issue due to the deleterious health side effects and the potential reinforcement of racial and social inequalities. So this article review the concepts of Cosmetic toxicity in Ayurveda, their prevention and management

Using Hypermedia and Multimedia to Promote Project-Based Learning of At-Risk High School Students

The term at-risk in this article refers to those students who are in danger of dropping out of school (Rodriguez, 199i). Often, these students have low self-esteem resulting from persistently low academic achievement. One possible reason for academic failure is a mismatch between the student\u27s needs and the curricular expectations. Consequently, it is important to plan to meet individual student needs appropriately and minimize the rate of dropouts. Planning more appropriately requires individualization of goals and curricula

Effect of intramuscular tramadol hydrochloride as a labor analgesic in primagravidae

Background: Labour pain is among the most severe pain experienced by women. The need for analgesia to overcome pain in labour is highly requested by women today. In developing nations where availability of facilities is the main limiting factor, intramuscular opioids can be considered.Methods: This study was conducted in teaching. 200 low risk primigravidae who fulfilled the selection criteria with full-term pregnancy with vertex presentation with good uterine contractions and already in active phase of labour were given 100 mg tramadol hydrochloride intramuscularly.Results: 200 primigravidae before giving the drug, no patient had grade-I or no pain, 19% had grade-III and 81% had grade-IV pain. After administration of tramadol hydrochloride IM there was reduction of pain from grade-III and grade IV by 52.49% and all of the patients continued with grade-II pain in 2nd stage and delivered normally and only 6 women had minimal side effects like nausea and vomiting.Conclusions: In low risk primigravidae, IM tramadol hydrochloride appears to be effective with minimal side effects. Hence, in developing nations, where availability of facilities is the main limiting factor, IM opioids can be considered as suitable alternatives